S DNG PHN MM MATHCAD TRONG THIT K MI MT NG T THEO PHNG PHP AASHTO

USING THE MATHCAD PROGRAM FOR DESIGNING NEW PAVEMENT STRUCTURE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AASHTO METHODS

NGUYN TIN DNG Trng Cao ng Cng ngh, i hc Nng

TM TT Trong ngnh Giao thng vn ti, cc phng php ca AASHTO ang c nh hng chn lm c s cho vic bin son tiu chun mi ca Vit Nam. Hin nay, vic tnh ton dy ca cc lp kt cu mt ng t theo phng php ny da vo cc ton . Tnh ton nh vy s km chnh xc v chm. Ta c th s dng phn mm MathCAD kim tra li chnh xc ca cc ton , t ng ha tnh ton v nng cao chnh xc ca kt qu. Qua s gp phn ph bin cc tiu chun thit k mi n vi mi ngi s dng. ABSTRACT The AASHTO methods are oriented for building building new vietnam specifications in the transportation branch. The design of new pavements main parameters is based on the design charts of the current AASHTO method. In this study, the MathCAD program is used to inspect the accuracy of design charts and to design automatically.

1. T VN Khi tnh ton thit k mi o ng mm v o ng cng theo phng php ca AASHTO, ngi ta s dng hai ton chnh nh sau: - Ton dng cho thit k mt ng mm da trn cc gi tr trung bnh cho mi s liu u vo. - Ton dng cho thit k mt ng cng da trn cc gi tr trung bnh cho mi s liu u vo. Cc ton ny u c cc phng trnh thc nghim tng ng. Ton c dng thay th cho nhng phng trnh thc nghim phc tp nhm lm cho cng vic ca ngi thit k tr nn d dng hn. Vic thay th ny l do hn ch ca cng c tnh ton v lm cho kt qu tnh ton c th km chnh xc. S khng chnh xc ca vic s dng ton c thy r nht l khi i chiu nhng ti liu pht sinh vi ti liu gc v ton v nhng phng trnh i km. Chng hn, ta thng thy c li do in n hoc do v li cc ton , li trong cc phng trnh thit k o ng Cc li ny c hu ht cc ti liu nghin cu, ph bin vic thit k o ng theo qui trnh AASHTO. Chng lm cho ngi s dng ti liu lng tng, tnh ton c th c nhng sai s rt ln. Trong khi , nhng sai s nh trong tnh ton cng c th nh hng rt nhiu n khi lng thi cng v gi thnh ca c mt con ng. Ngoi ra vic s dng ton trong thit k lm chm tc cng vic v chnh xc ca kt qu s ph thuc nhiu vo ngi s dng ton . Hin nay, i i vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut v cng ngh, my vi tnh cng cc phn mm ng dng xm nhp vo mi lnh vc ca ngnh xy dng. My tnh h tr rt mnh cho cng tc thit k. T c xu hng tnh ton trc tip trn

cc phng trnh (khng dng ton ) nhm nng cao chnh xc ca kt qu. Nhng cho n nay, nhng p dng ny vn cha c ph bin. C mt s nghin cu i theo hng ny c hon thnh, nhng do cn mt s hn ch khin cho ngi thit k cha quan tm. MathCad l mt phn mm ton c phm vi tnh ton rng, tin cy cao k c i vi nhng bi ton phc tp trong k thut, cch trnh by trc quan, gn gi vi thi quen th hin nhng din gii v nhng php tnh trn giy. Cho nn cc cn b k thut u c th tip cn v lm ch phn mm tnh ton ny. MathCAD c th tham gia tnh ton mi kt cu v gip cho cc nh thit k tip cn thun li hn, lm vic d dng hn vi nhng phng php tnh mi l v phc tp. Trong mt bi ton c thc hin trn MathCAD, gia nhng s liu ban u vi kt qu tnh ton c mi quan h nh trong mt chng trnh. Nhng ngi s dng khng b i hi c kin thc lp trnh cao. Do c th dng MathCad thc hin mt s lng nhiu bi ton thit k cng loi m mt nhiu thi gian v cng sc tnh ton. Bi bo trnh by phng php s dng phn mm MathCAD kim tra li chnh xc ca cc ton , t ng ha tnh ton trong vic thit k mi mt ng t mm v cng. Qua s nng cao chnh xc ca kt qu v s gp phn ph cp cc tiu chun thit k mi n vi mi ngi s dng. 2. BI TON THIT K MI O NG MM THEO PHNG PHP AASHTO - Nhp s liu ban u ca bi ton Sau khi chn n v tnh ton, cc s liu ban u c nhp vi nhng gi tr c th (xem hnh 1). Nu ngi thit k cha hiu r v s liu no hoc phi tnh ton ring vi n, th nhn p chut ln mc xem tham kho tng ng. S c mt trang MathCAD nh hin ra ch dn chi tit v s liu (xem hnh 2). Ngi thit k c th c tham kho hoc da vo nhng v d trong tnh ton thoi mi nhng vn lin quan n s liu ny. - Xc nh ch s yu cu ca mt ng mm (SNyc) Phng trnh c bn v hm ton gii phng trnh c lp sn. Tng ng vi mi b s liu ban u c nhp trn, MathCAD s t ng cho ra kt qu SNyc (xem hnh 3). - Xc nh chiu dy cc lp mt ng Phng trnh v hm ton c lp sn. Sau khi nhp tr s dy ca hai lp kt cu mt ng chn trc th dy ca lp cn li s c t ng tnh ra (xem hnh 4). - nh gi chnh xc ca ton theo m un n hi hu hiu MR Cho MR mi gi tr khc nhau, t 36 n 63 Mpa (bc tng l 3 Mpa). Nhng gi tr khc c gi nguyn mt mc trung bnh. Trong hnh 5a th hin kt qu tnh ton SN theo phng trnh (SNycM1 - ng lin) v theo ton (SNycM2 - nhng chm hnh vung nh). Trong hnh 5b th hin sai s tng i ca kt qu tnh ton SN theo ton v theo phng trnh ( i - ng lin), th hin qui lut bin thin binh qun ca sai s theo chiu tng MR (z - ng nt t). - nh gi chnh xc ca ton theo lng xe thit k cho mt ln xe W 18 (ESAL) Cho W18 mi gi tr khc nhau, t 2.106 n 20.106 (bc tng l 2.106). Nhng gi tr khc c gi nguyn mt mc trung bnh. Trong hnh 6a th hin kt qu tnh ton SN theo phng trnh (SNycW1 - ng lin) v theo ton (SNycW2 - nhng chm hnh vung nh). Trong hnh 6b th hin sai s tng i ca kt qu tnh ton SN theo ton v theo

phng trnh ( i - ng lin), th hin qui lut bin thin binh qun ca sai s theo chiu tng W18 (z - ng nt t). 3. KT LUN Vic nghin cu ti ny c nhng kt qu chnh nh sau: - Qua thu thp cc ti liu nghin cu ti thy hu ht cc ton v cc phng trnh ca phng php AASHTO th hin trong cc ti liu ph bin ti Vit nam cha nhiu sai st trong khu in n. Do cn kim tra cn thn trc khi s dng. Tt nht nn s dng ton c copy v phng to t cc bn in gc cc ti liu ca M. - Cc kt qu tnh ton theo ton c chnh xc cao, sai lch so vi kt qu tnh theo phng trnh khng qu 1,75 % (nh gi trn kt qu ca 80 bi ton chn ra 40 cp kt qu so snh).

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

- Vic s dng MathCAD trong thit k mi ng t mm v cng c thc hin nhanh chng v tin li hn so vi dng ton , cho kt qu chnh xc. Cng c MathCAD cn h tr cho ta gii quyt c nhiu vn khc mt cch thun li, nh thc hin cc bi ton con song song vi bi ton chnh; lu tr, tra cu v truy cp thng tin, - Hai bi ton thit k mi mt ng mm v cng theo tiu chun ca AASHTO c thc hin trong ti nghin cu ny c th c s dng nh hai chng trnh tnh. - ti nghin cu ny cn thnh cng trong vic s dng MathCAD vi php ton hi qui lp phng trnh t nhng ton AASHTO khng c phng trnh tng ng. MathCAD da vo cc phng trnh t ng ha tnh ton c thng sut. - Trong bi ton thit k mi mt ng mm, MathCAD cn c th d dng tnh ton dy cc lp kt cu mt ng theo ch tiu ti u v gi thnh.

Hnh 3

Hnh 4

Hnh 5

Hnh 6 - Kt qu nghin cu ny c th c s dng trong cc c quan thit k cng trnh giao thng, cc c quan nghin cu v ging dy, c th c dng lm c s cho vic lp mt chng trnh thit k hon chnh hn.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Dng Hc Hi, Nguyn Xun Trc, Thit k ng t, Tp 2, NXB Gio dc, 2002. Nguyn Xun Trc, S tay thit k ng t, Tp 2, NXB Xy dng. B GTVT, Tiu chun k thut Cng trnh Giao thng, Tp 10, NXB GTVT, 2001. AASHTO, Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1986, Published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Dng Hc Hi, Cng trnh mt ng t, Bi ging chng trnh Cao hc, H Ni, 1996. Nguyn Quang Chiu, Cc phng php thit k mt ng t ca cc nc phng Ty, NXB GTVT, 2001. Hong Vn ng, MathCAD 2002 - Gii trnh ton hc, NXB Tr, 2002.