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Huawei Confidential
pathloss preparations_map
What is the SRTM? SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) is a type of digital map. SRTM obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth. How to get it? There are 2 methods: ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm Use the download manager to help you in download you can get it from that link: http://www.freedownloadmanager.org/ The best way to select the region you want to download files for it: We can use that site http://cartographic.com/.to select the area we need to download
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pathloss preparations_map
To upload the SRTM files for pathloss: Choose Configure----Terrain database you will find the shown screen From primary menu choose SRTMASTER
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pathloss preparations_map
After that click on the button setup primary you will find the shown page From file menu choose BIL-SRTM HGT,ASTER TIF You will find your pc browse your pc for the SRTM files and upload them to the pathloss
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pathloss preparations_coordinates
Coordinate appears in two common formats: 1-Decimal Format like 12.345678 N 2-Degree minutes second Format like 13 05 20.80 N How to convert from the second type to decimal format ? To convert the above second type to decimal we do the following: 13+(05/60)+(20.80/3600) which equal 13.089111111 in Decimal
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First Stage_Network
Close the previous menu you will find the map for all the sites in the excel sheet as you can see here you can connect the sites together by clicking the NE and drag to the other site Connect all sites together according to the plan
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we will start configure link by link Left click by mouse on the first link and choose(Terrain Data) the shown screen will appear Choose operation-----Generate profile The pathloss will draw the link terrain data between the two sites
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You can add any obstacle you got from the survey by double clicking on the structure column you will find the shown You can choose single structure or range of structures according to your obstacle
For example if you have range of structures after you click range you will get the shown menu So you can modify the height for your obstacle , the start and end of the obstacle range in KM
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First Stage_Diffraction
Diffraction calculations From Module menu Choose Diffraction You will find the shown page From configure menu choose Edit K list from the shown menu add the Value for Minimum K you got before
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First Stage_Diffraction
From the bottom tool bar double click on TR-TR you will find the shown menu You have three choices in that menu to calculate: 1-Diffraction for the main antenna 2-Diffraction for the two SD antennas in both sites of the link
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First Stage_Diffraction
Choose the first choice and click ok
After that click on the Calculator symbol to calculate the value of the Diffraction for the main antenna you can find the shown menu IF the value of the diffraction Loss is Zero so it is ok no Diffraction If there is value so you have to raise the antenna to decrease that value to zero Repeat the above for the two SD antenna and Raise the SD antennas if needed to make the Diffraction loss equal Zero
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First Stage_Reflection
Adjusting Reflection loss
We have to decrease the Reflection loss to be less than 10ns Choose Module ------- Reflection then choose Define Plane you will find the shown page Make right click then left click and right click again on the start of the profile in the previous page then do that again at the end of the profile to calculate the reflection for all the path you will find the shown page The delay should be less than 10 ns If it is more than 10ns we have to change antenna height till we adjust it Also we if the previous way did not adjust the reflection we have to add SD antenna to adjust the reflection
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Second stage_Worksheet
Creating the work sheet: 1-Choose Module----Work sheet You will find the worksheet page as you can see below:
A-First left click on the rain icon and choose rain area according to maps of rain using ITU 7/8 also choose the link polarization vertical or horizontal
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Example for one of the four maps for Gradient factor(dn/dh)February map
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1-HP
2-SP 3-SPA
4-XMC1
5-XMC2
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In case we use Reliability method KQ S (1.3) the worksheet result will be as shown. Example for KPI in this case: 1-the WORST MONTH SESR should be less than 10^-6 and so the seconds/month should less than 20 seconds The Fade Margin should be more than 30db in PDH and more than 35 db in SDH The Minutes /Year should less than 3 minutes in PDH and less than 0.5 minute in SDH
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After calculating the Roughness factor from the previous page we should Calculate the KQ factor to complete filling for the same menu of the Roughness factor To calculate the KQ factor use the shown table and by choosing the suitable choice from the shown four according to your area We only take the value beside the Character S which indicates the KQ value and we put it in the pathloss For example for the first choice the KQ factor is 4.1E-5 we enter it only like that to pathloss and the same for the other three choices
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single polarization separate is used when the frequency is 6G or the antenna diameter is bigger than 1.8m
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Second stage_losses
Coupler loss
When we use HSB protection for( 1+1 )system one of the coupler side has 1.7 db loss and the other side is 6.7 db loss so we add 1.7 for each site as we consider the working ODU
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Second stage_losses
IF we use NEC 5000S Long haul system the branching losses should be as shown for 64 QAM,the losses shown for each case for both sites of the link so we divide it for each site We use that table in case of ACAP(Adjacent channel Alter polarization) which means we use different polarization for adjacent channels if channel 1 is vertical so channels2 should be horizontal Also please note that when we have system 1+3 for example so we consider it as one sys (1+1) and another sys 2+0 so we take the losses for 2+0 from the shown table and we do that for all cases take the high protection to choose the losses value Also for 1+3 Freq Channels here can be for example ch1,ch2,ch3,ch4 or ch1,ch3,ch4,ch5
ITEM
4GHZ
5GHZ
U6GHZ
8GHZ
11GHZ
GURANTEE D
(Circulator type)
1+0 (dB)
4.7
5.3
5.4
6.5
+1db
1+1 (dB)
5.1
5.7
5.8
8.3
+1db
1+2 (dB)
5.5
6.1
6.2
7.5
8.6
+1db
1+3 (dB)
5.8
6.5
6.6
8.9
+1db
1+4 (dB)
9.1
9.2
+1db
1+5 (dB)
9.5
+1db
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Second stage_losses
NEC 5000S branching circuit losses for 128 QAM Also all cases here are the same as the above page ITEM
BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type)
4GHZ
5GHZ
L6GHZ
U6GHZ
7GHZ 8GHZ
GURAN TEED
1+0 (dB)
5.2
5.9
5.4
6.4
6.4
6.8
+1db
1+1 (dB)
5.6
6.3
5.8
7.3
+1db
1+2 (dB)
6.7
6.3
7.5
7.5
7.8
+1db
1+3 (dB)
6.3
7.1
6.6
8.3
+1db
1+4 (dB)
6.8
8.2
9.1
9.1
9.4
+1db
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Second stage_losses
That case when we use continuous channels(1,2,3,4) or uncontinuous channels ,also polarization here should be the same for all channels The above table for 64 QAM
The lower one for 128 QAM
1+3 (dB) 6 +1db GURANT EED
4GHZ
5GHZ
U6GHZ
8GHZ
11GHZ
when the system configuration is less than 3+1, the loss for 5000s takes the loss of 3+1. When the system configuration is 4+1 to 6+1, the loss for 5000s takes the loss of 7+1.
1+7 (dB)
7.3
+1db
ITEM BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulato r type) 1+3 (dB) 1+7 (dB)
4GHZ
5GHZ
L6GHZ
7GHZ
8GHZ
GURANT EED
6 7.3
+1db +1db
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Second stage_losses
For Adjacent channel co polarization(same polarization for the adjacent channels like ch1 and ch2) channels here must be continuous(1,2,3,4) only
For 64 QAM we have only one case we can use it which is (1+3) with 4GHZ Frequency Band and the losses here is 8.2
ITEM 4GHZ BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type) 1+3 (dB) 8.2 5GHZ U6GHZ 8GHZ 11GHZ GURANTEED
+1db
And for 128 QAM there are two cases with the protection (1+3) one of them with 7GHZ has losses 9.1 and the other case with 8GHZ with losses 9.5 as shown in below table
ITEM 4GHZ BR CKT Loss *2, *3 (Circulator type) 1+3 (dB) 5GHZ L6GHZ U6GHZ 7GHZ 8GHZ GURANTEE D
9.1
9.5
+1db
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Second stage_losses
For 5000s using XPIC we use CCDP(co channel duplex polarization) which means we use two polarization for the same channel
So in the XPIC case if we have 2(2+1) for example that means we will take the losses for (2+1) system
when the ACCP system configuration is less than 3+1 in the table, for example 2+1, the loss for 5000s is the same as the one of 3+1.
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Second stage_losses
We add that losses to pathloss as shown here 7 GHZ(1+2) system
Also we add the same branching losses for the SD Antenna
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Second stage_losses
Feeder Loss When we use NEC 5000s we need to add the loss of the feeder which changes according to: Feeder length we add 15 meter to the height of the antenna when we calculate feeder length(or according to the distance between the tower and the 5000s equipment we can add the suitable length margin to the feeder) Also the feeder losses changes with the type of the feeder and the frequency band As you can see we add the feeder type and its total length also we add its loss/100m and so the pathloss gives you the total losses for that feeder
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Second stage_losses
For the loss of Elliptical Waveguide which used for 5000s is as the attached:
From the above attached word file we can know how to use the other attached file for calculating the Eliptical Waveguide loss for 5000s
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Second stage_XPIC
If we use XPIC ,IFX or ISX should be used. We got the shown menu from operation menu we choose cochannel XPD interference For the shown Menu we have to check that the values for the following three fields are automatically applied If not applied we have to apply them For the XPIF value: the XPIF value for RTN 900 according to that table For RTN600 only 128 QAM with 28M so all XPIF IS 17. For 5000S all XPIF is 19 For the Antenna, we check the XPD value for the antenna which is 30 to 40 db according to the antenna type
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Second stage_XPIC
We also open operation then reliability methods and then we check the checkbox co-channel operation as shown
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Second stage
How to add SD antenna From the worksheet choose Configure-----antenna configuration You will find the shown menu Choose the second option TRDRTRDR Press ok button you will find there is SD antenna added to the worksheet You can go to the antenna height page and configure the SD Antenna height Also from the worksheet you can choose the type of the SD Antenna
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Also from Reflection page from Variable menu choose Earth Radius factor as shown in the below picture
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We have to check the below configuration before we make the worksheet to determine exactly what is our losses and how we can put our frequency channels.
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 HSB Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 f1 H
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 HSB protection groups. One 1+1 HSB protection group uses one channel and consists of the following items: Two ODUs that are of the same type One hybrid coupler: The hybrid coupler can be balanced or unbalanced. Generally, the unbalanced hybrid coupler is used. One antenna One Freq channel with one polarization
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Page 57
Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
f1 H f1 V
f2 f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection using XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
f1
Two coupler(balanced or unbalanced) of the same type But we prefer to use balance coupler cause it is lower losses
f1
f1
One antenna Dual polarization with high XPD
f1
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 SD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 H H f1
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 SD protection groups. One 1+1 SD protection group uses one channel and consists of the following items: Two ODUs that are of the same type Two antennas Same Freq channel and same polarization
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Page 60
Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
f1
Two antenna Two frequency channels with different polarization
f2
f1
f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection using XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
f1
Two dual polarization antenna with high XPD One frequency channel with two polarization
f1
f1
f1
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Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 f1 H H V f3 f2
The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 FD protection groups. One 1+1 FD protection group uses two channels and consists of the following items: Two ODUs: The two ODUs should work on different frequency channel .The other information about the two ODUs, however, must be consistent. One single polarization antenna (with one balanced hybrid coupler), as shown in the figure in the upper left corner with two freq channels(not adjacent channels) Or One dual polarization antenna with two different freq channel (can be adjacent)
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Page 63
Hardware Configuration of the 2+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
three ODU of the same type cause we use the same Frequency band
One balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f1 f3
H V
f2
One dual polarization antenna as the above figure
Or two single polarization antenna as the below figure(not recommended for hardware and tower space)
f1 f3
three frequency channels the adjacent channels can not be the same polarization (distributed as shown)
f2
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Hardware Configuration of the 3+1 FD Protection for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
Four ODU of the same type cause we use the same Frequency band
Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f1 f3 f2
H V
f4
f1
f3 f2 f4
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Hardware Configuration of the 4+0 FD for the IFH2 of the IDU 620 f1 Four ODU of the same type cause we H use the same Frequency band V f3
Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f2
f4
One dual polarization antenna as the above figure Or two single polarization antenna as the below figure(not recommended for hardware and tower space)
f1
f3
Four frequency channels(not adjacent for the same polarization) distributed as shown
f2 f4
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Second stage_Repeaters
Repeaters: We use repeaters when there is a problem in line of sight or the link distance is very big so we can not achieve our KPI so we need intermediate site to connect our target two sites(target link) We have two kinds of repeaters: 1-Active repeaters 2-passive repeaters
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Second stage_Repeaters
Active repeaters:
We use that kind of repeaters when the distance between the two sites of the link which has a problem in LOS is big distance so we prefer to use that kind of repeaters cause we use complete site (use all antennas and equipment as normal site)so we achieve good performance That type is not preferred for the cost cause we build complete site In that case we get the coordinate for the Repeater site from the Google Earth program then make normal links as shown in the above pages
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Second stage_Repeaters
Passive Repeaters:
There are three types of passive repeaters but we use only one type which is(Back To Back Antenna) In this type we dont need to make any indoors or equipment for the repeaters just the Antennas and make Back to Back connecton between both directions of the Repeater That type is preferred to make cost reduction But for long distance we will need more repeaters(Max no of repeaters is 3(three) So in the links have big distance we do not use that type
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Second stage_Repeaters
How to make passive repeater using Pathloss:
First you have to add the coordinate of end sites and the repeater sites. We should make the path profile for all links(links between the repeaters sites and the end sites) Make all diffraction and reflection calculations using minimum K Add the equipment as we did before for the end sites and may be also for the repeaters For the repeater site you should use the same detail for that site for all its directions
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Second stage_Repeaters
Creating the back to back passive repeater: Open the worksheet for one of the links related to the repeater Choose operation then create passive repeater
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Second stage_Repeaters
You will find the shown menu which contains passive repeaters types Choose back to back antenna You will find your PC browse your PC for the PL4 file for the second passive link Repeat that if you have more than one repeater
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Second stage_Repeaters
Click on the passive icon on the work sheet(P) You will find the shown passive data menu The passive gain of back to back antenna calculated as the sum of antenna gains minus the transmission line and connector loss
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Second stage_Repeaters
The vertical angle is shown for reference only
If the antenna data is added when the individual link profile are created the data will be transferred to the previous page data entry menu
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Second stage_Repeaters
How to make Repeaters using Google Earth program: First we have to enter the sites needs Repeater to Google earth using Huawei tool which manage us to upload large no of sites in fast and easy way to Google Earth program You have to change all coordinates to Decimal Format to upload it to that Form
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Second stage_Repeaters
Open the Excel sheet for that tool and enter the project Name in the most left side of the sheet After that paste all the coordinates to that sheet Mark all that column Choose Macro and Then choose Run For that Macro You will find the KML file for all that sites saved automatically at the C partition for your PC Open the Google earth program and upload that KML file
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Second stage_Repeaters
To add new site(Repeater site to Google Earth) Choose the yellow icon from the top tool bar which indicates(Add Place mark)
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Second stage_Repeaters
After choosing the previous icon you will find the shown Menu opened Also you will find new icon for the new site appear Drag that new icon and drop it to the place you want to put it on Try to put the new Repeater at the minimum distance from the two sites needs to be connected cause that is better for links performance From the shown menu you can put the name for that new Repeater Also take the coordinate for that Repeater and add it to the Pathloss After that start to make design for the repeater with the existing sites using Pathloss
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Frequency
4-7 GHz
Use
Long-distance network backbones
8 GHz
266 308, 420, 490, 315. 720, 728 340, 1092.5, 1008, 1010, 1560 600, 1050, 1232, 1008, 1200, 855, 1008 1008 812
Short and medium distance Short and medium distance Short and medium distance Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas Short distance in urban areas
38 GHz
700, 1260
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1. Try not to select the special frequency resources (licensed) used by other
carriers even if these frequency bands are not used in some areas (in case they may be used in the future). 2. If the planned microwave link features the same routing or parallel routing as another microwave link, it is recommended that the frequency band/channels different from those of the existing link are used. A different polarization mode should be configured even if the same channel is adopted as a result of the little interference and big margin proved by the calculation and analysis.
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2H
1H
1V
1H
1V
1H
In frequency planning, reusing of frequency resources should be taken into account, the internal and external interference should be avoided, and the link quality should be enhanced. Polarization should alternate every other hop for the decrease of overreach interference. The polarization configured alternate every hop is conducive to the decrease of front-back interference upon the antenna.
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For the 1+1 system or 2+0 system of the frequency diversity, the use of the twofrequency system can save the frequency resources, while the use of the quadruplefrequency system can decrease the internal and external interference and enhance the link quality. Whether to select the two-frequency system or the quadruple-frequency system depends on the interference within the planned microwave network system and the mutual interference between the microwave links to be established and the links existing in the system. Case 1: When the link to be established interleaves with an existing one, the two-frequency system can be used for the former provided the same system is used for the existing link, and a different channel should be selected in this case.
Existing link
Link to be established
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Case 2: When the link to be established interleaves with an existing one, the quadruplefrequency system can be used for the former provided the same system is used for the existing link. In this case, the neighboring links(with small angles) should have different channels.
Case 3: When the link to be established has a branch, the quadruple-frequency system should also be used for this branch.
2,4
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Case 4: When the link to be established forms a loop-line with quite small angles, the quadruplefrequency system should be selected.
Case 5: When the routing deflection angles are too great, but the angles of La and Lb are quite small, for example, smaller than 15 degrees, comparatively great overreach interference may occur if the twofrequency system is selected for Site A and Site D. Therefore, the quadruplefrequency system should also be used in this case. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
B A La 1,3 C 2,4
Lb
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18GHz
Ch.No 11
upper
lower
Band Width
Shifter
18305
55
1010
18360
55
1010
18415
55
1010
18470
55
1010
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23
24 25 26 27 28
19342.5
19370 19397.5 19425 19452.5 19480
18332.5
18360 18387.5 18415 18442.5 18470
27.5
27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5
1010
1010 1010 1010 1010 1010
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18 GHz
Lo
17685
18GHz
Hi
18695
18GHz
Lo
17930
18GHz
Hi
18940
18GHz
Lo
18180
18GHz
Hi
19190
18GHz
Lo
18400
18GHz
Hi
19410
HPSP 17985SPA LPALP HPSP 18995SPA LPALP HPSP 18230SPA LPALP HPSP 19240SPA LPALP HPSP 18480SPA LPALP HPSP 19490SPA LPALP HPSP 18700SPA LPALP HPSP 19710SPA LPALP
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How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
From Network page choose Site data then site list you will get the shown screen From the previous screen choose Report then CSV link listMicrowave, you will get the shown screen From the left side of the shown menu you can choose the factors you want to appear in the links report and add that factors by arrows to the right side of that menu to appear at your report Then press OK you will get the report page From the report page choose file then save the report to your PC
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How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
The below fields should be included for the final report:
Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 2 1 2 Lon Na Call Call Latit Latit gitu me Sign Sign ude ude de
Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 Site Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 2 Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 TX2 TX Radi Radi 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 RX RX Fad Fad Site Site 1 TX2 TX 1 2 Ante Ante pow pow o o SES SES UN UN Azi Ante Ante sign sign e e 1 Ch2 Ch Freq Freq Pola Pola nna nna er er Cod Cod (wm (wm (min (min mut nna nna al al mar mar ID ID (MH (MH rizat rizat (Mai (Mai (dB (dB e e - /yea /yea h (SD) (SD) (dB (dB gin gin z) z) ion ion n) n) m) m) Inde Inde sec) sec) r) r) m) m) (dB) (dB) x x
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Thank you
Hazem.Hassan
www.huawei.com
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