You are on page 1of 7

1960

100000 .
" "Turkey X-disease

) ( Aspergillus flavous
. Aflatoxins
:Mycotoxins
Toxigenic Fungi
Secondary fungal active metabolites
350
.

.
""Mycotoxins
" "Phytotoxins
". "Antibiotics

Mycotoxins
.Mycotoxicosis
:
Mycotoxins :
-1 : Toxigenic fungi
" "
.
-2 : Mycotoxins

.

:
-

:
-1 Hepatotoxins " " "
".
-2 Nephrotoxins " " "
" .
-3 Cardiotoxins .
-4 Gastrointestinal toxins .
-5 Genitotoxins or Hormonal toxins .

-6 Dermatotoxins .
-7 Neurotoxins B1 .B
-8 Pulmonary toxins -4.
-9 Hematopoietic toxins .
-10 Carcinogenic toxins .
-11 Mutagenic toxins .
-12 Teratogenic toxins .A
-13 Hemorrhage inducing toxins .
-

:
:Pre-harvest or Field toxins "" "" " Cold toxins "
.
:Post-harvest or Store Toxins " + %13 +
+ + "
Hot toxins
.
-
" "
:
Polar mycotoxins " " ". Non-polar mycotoxins " " .
350
:
-1 Aflatoxins
Aspergillus flavous Aspergillus parasitics
B
Blue B2,B1 G Green G2,G1 B1
Aspergillus parasitics Aspergillus
flavous B2 & B1
.
" "
.

" "
5-10
1.5-2.5
0.6-10
2-10


) (


.
:
" "Ascites
1/4 1/2 .
:

Bruising .
:
Antibodies

.
:
.
) Anemia (. ) ( . %10 . .
.
: . .
-2
" " " "
Aspergillus ochraceus .Penicillium veridicatum

" "
4
2-4
2

Tan-colored .
.
.Visceral gout . .-3 Fusarium Toxins
:

:T-2 ) (


:
. . . . :Deoxynivalenol = DON .
:Zearalenone Gibberella zeae Fusarium graminearum 4-3
.Cystic inflammation of oviducts
:Fumonisins B1 1 Fusarium moniliforme Black Sticky diarrhea
Fusarium moniliforme
" "1 .
:Moniliformin F.moniliforme
Fusarium moniliforme " "1
.
:fusaric acid and fusarocin C F.moniliforme Fusarium moniliforme " "1
.
:Fusarochromanone .Fusarium spp (Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD .
-4 :Citrinin Penicillium citrinum
.
-5 :Oosporein Chaetomium trilaterale
.Articular gout
-6 : Rubratoxin P.rubrum P.purpurogenum
.
-7 :Patulin Aspergillus Penicillium Byssochlamys
.
-8 :Cyclopiazonic Acid Aspergillus flavous
.
: :

- :
-1 Strategic treatment .
-2 Tactical treatment .



.
- :

.
- :


.

:
-1 Polar mycotoxins " "

Adsorptive Antimycotoxins
.


24 .
-2 Non-polar mycotoxins " "


Chitinase
.

Biotransformation or Biomedication
.

.


:
" ". .



.
:
Pelted Feeds


.

!!!
:
: " " .
: " " 140
... !.
: " " .
: " "
Denaturation 56
" ".
: .
" " :Milliard's Reaction Reducing sugars
Lysine Asparagine

Milliard's compounds Acrylamide
.Highly nephrotoxic substance
:
-1 =
.
-2 =
.
-3 Acrylamide Highly
.nephrotoxic material


.

:

:
.
:

.
.

You might also like