--

/


.


.


.
Ingestion Digestion Absorption
Transport
Metabolism
.



.





.




.

.
: :
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4 Mal-nutritional disorders
.
:

:

 - :
:
-1 :Ingestion of feed

.

.

.

.
-2 :Digestion of feed

:
:Mechanical digestion Grinding Mastication " " .
:digestion Microbial .
:Chemical or enzymatic digestion Proventriculus
.
" "
.

.
-3 :Absorption
.
-4 :Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism
.
-5 :Excretion
.
- : .
- :
.
- : :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .

 -5 .
-6 .
- :
Ration Formulation Maximum
inclusion rate
.
Feed Manufacture
.
:
:
-1 :
"Homothermous "warm-blooded
.


.
-2 :
.
.Low physical limitation of avian digestive system
-3 :
) 83( .
. :

.

.



.
.