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Antiparasitics
VET 123 Pharmacology Barbara.Burri@Pennfoster.edu 2012

ANTIPARASITICS
Internal endoparasites External ectoparasites environmental

Parasites

Endoparasites ( gi tract)
Know your local parasites Know the life cycles

High priority
Client Ed
Life cycles Control

Worms
Helminths nematodes, round shape Platyhelminthes flat shape
Tapes cestodes FLEAS! Flukes - trematodes

Zoonotic
Toxoplasmosis Trichinosis Toxocara, ancyclostoma - migrans

Heartworm Protozoa

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Routes

Antinematodal

Oral
Tablet, liquid

Benzimidazoles Fenbendazole, panacur, strongid Abendazole, valbazen Horses, cattle, sheep , goats , dogs

Nematode: Hooks, rounds, whips,strongyles, lungworm, pin worms

Injectable Topical

Dazoles

Membendazole hepatotoxicity in cats

organophosphates

Antinemadodals continued

SLUDGE toxic doses (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gi upset, emesis Atropine antidote Used for bots, roundworms, hooks, rounds, whips Primarily large animal Safer alternatives for dogs and cats

Tetrahydropyrimidines Pyrantel pamoate, Strongid T, Nemex Imidazothiazoles Febantel Large and small animal, some exotics

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Antinematodal .

Other Agents

Avermectins Ivermectin heartgard birds , snakes, cats, dogs

Endo and exo parasites , mange mites

Piperazine (Pipa-tabs, Pip-pop 320)

Rounds in dos, added to large animal wormers

Moxidectin Doramectin
Caution in collies, toxic large doses MDR 1 gene

Pyrazines

Anticestodal

Cestodes: Tapeworms

Antitrematodal

Bunamidine (Scolaban) Epsiprantel (Cestex) Praziquantel (Profender, Droncit

Praziquantel/Pyrantel Pamoate/Febantel (Drontal Plus)

Dogs tapes hooks,rounds whips (repeated doses for whips)

Clorsulon (Curatrem) Albendazole (Valbazen) Praziquantel (Droncit) Cattle, dogs, cats

Trematodes: Liver flukes Lung flukes

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Topical Solutions

Antiprotozoal

Emodepside/Praziquantel (Profender)

Drugs for Treating Coccidia and Other Protozoa Albon, Marquis, Deccox

protozoa

protozoa

Drugs for Treating Giardia Metronidazole, Flagyl Abendazole valbazzen Drugs for Preventing Giardia Giardiavax dogs Giardia becoming resistant

Drugs for Treating Babesia Imizol, dogs

Fenbendazole Panacur Tick transmitted, hemolytic

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Heartworm Disease

Adulticide treatment

Affects dogs, cats, ferrets Mosquito bites infected animal Transmits microfilaria 6-7 months grow to adult heartworm Seasonal in some parts Test before preventives

Limited availability of melarsomine American Heartworm Society 8/2011

Corticosteroids, antihistamine, microfilaricide Maintenance on preventive Doxy 10mg/kg BID 4 weeks LIMITED EXERCISE!!

Adulticides Melarsomine Dihydrochloride (Immiticide)******* Microfilaraicides usually ivermectin

prevention

Feline Heartworm
4 products FDA approved in cats Heartgard for cats --Ivermectin orally Interceptor --Milbemycin oxide, orally Revolution --Selemectin, topical Advantage Multi for Cats -Moxidectin/imacloprid, topical No treatment Options Supportive Care www.heartwormsociety.org

Preventives Imidacloprid + Moxidectin (Advantage Multi) Ivermectin (Heartgard, Heartgard Plus, Heartgard for Cats) Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor, Sentinel) Moxidectin (ProHeart 6) 6 mo injectable Selamectin (Revolution) Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (Carbam, Filaribits, Filaribits Plus) (daily)

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Ectoparasites (fleas ticks)

Application Systems
Prediluted Sprays Emulsifiable Concentrates Environment
Yard and Kennel Sprays Dusts Foggers

Consider the pet and the environment

ECTOPARASITES

Pet Shampoos + Dips

Short term

Monthly Flea and Tick Products

Ecto.

Fipronil (Frontline Top Spot for Dogs, Frontline Top Spot for Cats) Fleas ticks Imidacloprid (Advantage) not pregnant or nursing Imidacloprid and Permethrin (K9 Advantix) Lufenuron (Program Tablets, Program 6 Month Injectable Program Suspension, Sentinel)
Eggs dont hatch, doesnt kill fleas

Metaflumizone (ProMeris) Metaflumizone/Amitraz (ProMeris Duo) Permethrin (Defend ExSpot Insecticide for Dogs) Selamectin (Revolution) HW, fleas, ?mites Spinosad (Comfortis) Nitenpyram Capstar 30 minutes 90% 4 hours
< 24hr effect

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Insecticides

insecticides
Carbamates Sevin cholinesterase inhibitors Organophosphates Adams, spoton Formamidines mitaban, proventic collars

Pyrethrins generally safe, short acting Synthetic Pyrethroids toxic to some cats
seizures

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons DDT ban

Linane, methoxychlor, hazardous

Amitraz (also demodex)

Synergists piperonyl butoxide

Help pyrethrins work

Repellents

Insect Growth Regulators ([IGRs], Insect Growth Hormones)

Added to sprays, collars, drops

Other Insecticides
Rotenone Ivermectin ear mites, demodex Benzyl benzoate D-Limone Petroleum distillates