X.

Pathophysiology Theoretical-Based:

CPD

Modifiable Factors

Non-Modifiable Factors

Maternal

Fetal

Maternal

Fetal

>Lifestyle

>Abnormal Fetal Positions

>Abnormally Shaped Pelvis >Small Pelvis >Congenital dislocation of the hips >Congenital deformity of the sacrum or coccyx >Height >Age >History of CPD

>Increased Fetal Weight due to: -Hereditary factors -Postmaturity -Multiparity

Complications

Prolonged Labor Maternal Compromise

Fetal Compromise

Membranes rupture

Neonatal Infection

Fetal distress

Intrauterine Infections

Hemorrhage

Neonatal Death -Postmaturity

Maternal birth injuries Cesarean Section

Reference: Contemporary Maternal-Newborn Nursing Care, Ladewig, London, Moberly, Olds Pgs 488, 489 Tabors Medical Dictionary, Davis, pg 37

Client-Based:

CPD Non-modifiable factors

Maternal >Height >Small Pelvis >Multiparity >Previous History of CPD

Scheduled repeat CS Spinal Anesthesia CS

Expulsion of the baby and placenta