ASCE 7 Wind Loading Provisions

CE 6999c Lecture 2

Wind Loads
When structures block the flow of wind,

the winds kinetic energy is converted into potential energy of pressure.

Wind Loads
The

effect depends:

of

wind

on

structure

Density of the air Velocity of the air Angle of incidence of the wind Shape and stiffness of the structure Roughness of its surface.

Wind Loads
For design purposes, wind loading can

be treated using:
Static Approach: approach. Most common

Dynamic Approach: Building or other structures not meeting requirements of section 6.5.1 (ASCE 7-05), or having unusual shapes or response characteristic .

Wind Loads: Static Approach

The fluctuating pressure of constantly

blowing wind is approximated by a mean velocity pressure:

1 q = V 2 2

is air density - V is air velocity

Wind load: Static Approach

Previous

equation account for:

is

modified

to

Structure Importance (I) Structure Height (Kz) Structure Location (terrain)

Considering

the factors previously mentioned, the mean velocity pressure becomes: 2

q z = 0.00256 K z K zt K d V I

(lb/ft )

Wind load: ASCE 7-05 (cont.)

Where:
V = Velocity in mi/h of a 3-second gust of wind measured at 33 ft above the ground during a 50-year recurrence period. I = The importance factor that depends upon the nature of the building occupancy.
Buildings with low hazard to human life, in a non-hurricane prone region: Agriculture facilities have I = 0.87 Hospital facilities have I = 1.15

Kz = The velocity pressure exposure coefficient, which is a function of height and depends upon the ground terrain. Kzt = A factor that accounts for wind speed increases due to hills and escarpments. Flat ground Kzt = 1. Kd = factor that accounts for the direction of the wind. It is used only when the structure is subjected to combinations of loads. If wind alone is to be consider, Kd =1

Figures and images

Table for KD and I

Table 6-4: KD Table 6-1: I

Table 1-1: Occupancy Category of building and other structures

Table 1-1: Occupancy Category of building and other structures (cont.)

Topographic Factor, Kzt

Exposure B: Example

Exposure B: Example

Exposure B and C: Example

Exposure C

Exposure C: Example

Exposure C: Example

Exposure D: Example

ASCE/SEI 7-05
Method 1 Simplified Procedure (permitted

for regular shaped low-rise buildings) Method 2 Analytical Procedure (permitted for regular shaped buildings and structures not susceptible to across wind loading or other special considerations due to location) Method 3 Wind Tunnel Procedure (for all structures)

Method 1 Simplified Procedure

Main Wind-Force Resisting System

(MWFRS): An assemblage of structural elements assigned to provide support and stability for the overall structure. The system generally receives wind loading from more than one surface. Components and Cladding: Elements of the building envelope that do not qualify as part of the MWFRS.

Mean Roof Height

h2 h1

h1 + h2 If > 10 , then h = 2
o

If 10o , then h = h1

Example

Method 2 Analytical Procedure

Example