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ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ
1ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
2x x
x x −3 e −e
lim+ x ; lim x ln ; lim ﺣﺪد
x →0 x →+∞ x x →0 x
اﻟﺤﻞ
2x x
x x −3 e −e
lim+ x lim x ln ; ; lim ﻧﺤﺪد
x →0 x →+∞ x x →0 x
e2 x − e x e2 x − 1 e x − 1 e2 x − 1 e x − 1
lim = lim − = lim 2 − = 2 −1 = 1 *
x →0 x x →0
x x x →0 2 x x
3 3
x=− أيt = − ﻧﻀﻊ *
t x
x −3 3 ln (1 + t )
lim x ln = lim x ln 1 − = lim −3 = −3 وﻣﻨﻪ
x →+∞ x x→+∞ x t →0 t
x x ln x
lim+ x = lim+ e = lim+ e 2 x ln x
=1 *
x →0 x →0 x →0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
(
f ( x ) = ln e 2x x
− 3e + 3 ) : اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـx ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ
(
f ( x ) = ln e 2 x − 3e x + 3 ) اﻟﺤﻞ
D f ﻧﺤﺪد-4
x ∈ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ
x ∈ D f ⇔ e2 x − 3e x + 3 0
∀x ∈ e 2 x − 3e x + 3 0 و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ∆ = −3 و ﻣﻨﻪX 2 − 3 X + 3 ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ∆ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ
D f = إذن
D f ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪاتf * ﻧﺤﺪد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت
( )
lim f ( x ) = lim ln e 2 x − 3e x + 3 lim ln e 2 x 1 − 3e − x + 3e−2 x = +∞
x→+∞ x→+∞ x→+∞ ( )
x→−∞
(
lim f ( x ) = lim ln e 2 x − 3e x + 3 = ln 3
x→−∞
)
f ( x ) ≥ 0 ﻧﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﺟﺤﺔ-5
(
f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇔ ln e 2 x − 3e x + 3 ≥ 0 )
f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇔ e2 x − 3e x + 3 ≥ 1
f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇔ e2 x − 3e x + 2 ≥ 0
(
f ( x) ≥ 0 ⇔ ex − 1 ex − 2 ≥ 0 )( )
http://arabmaths.ift.fr 1 Moustaouli Mohamed
[∞f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇔ e x ∈ [ 0;1] ∪ [ 2; +
[∞f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ]−∞;0] ∪ [ ln 2; +
إذن [∞S = ]−∞;0] ∪ [ ln 2; +
-6ﻧﺤﺪد )lim ( f ( x ) − 2 x
∞x→+
∞x→+ ∞x→+
( x→+∞
) e
3
e
3
lim ( f ( x ) − 2 x) = lim (ln e 2 x − 3e x + 3 − 2 x) = lim ln 1 − x + 2 x
=0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ3
f (x ) = x +1+ e −x
ﺑـ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ fاﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
) lim f ( x -1أ -أﺣﺴﺐ ) lim f ( x
∞x →− ∞x →+
ب -أﺣﺴﺐ ) f ' ( xو أﻋﻂ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات fو اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ إﺷﺎرة ) f ( x
(
g ( x ) = ln x + 1 + e − x ) ﺑـ -2ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ gاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
أ -أدرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات gو أﻋﻂ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ
وأول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ب (a -ﺣﺪد lim g ( x ) + x
∞x→−
[∀x ∈ ]−∞; −1 (bﺑﻴﻦ أن g ( x ) + x ≺ 0
x+2
(c * ∀x ∈ +ﺑﻴﻦ أن 0 ≺ g ( x ) − ln x ≤ ln اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ . lim g ( x ) − ln x
x ∞x→+
∞+ ∞+
f
2
∈ ∀x )f ( x ) ≥ f (0 و ﻣﻨﻪ 0 [∞[0; + ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ fﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [ ]−∞;0و ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
(
g ( x ) = ln x + 1 + e − x ) ﺑـ -2ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ gاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
−x
∞x → −
( ∞x → − e
)
= lim ln xe x + e x + 1 = lim ln − − x + e x + 1 = 0
C gﺑﺠﻮار ∞+ﻣﻘﺎرب ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ( وﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ذا اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ y = x
[∀x ∈ ]−∞; −1 (bﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن g ( x ) + x ≺ 0
∈ ∀x ( )
g ( x ) + x = ln xe x + e x + 1 = ln ( x + 1) e x + 1 ( )
و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ e x ( x + 1) + 1 ≺ 1 ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [ x ∈ ]−∞; −1وﻣﻨﻪ x + 1 ≺ 0
[∀x ∈ ]−∞; −1 (
و ﻣﻨﻪ ln e x ( x + 1) + 1 ≺ 0إذن g ( x ) + x ≺ 0)
x+2
و ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ lim g ( x ) − ln x *. ∀x ∈ + 0 ≺ g ( x ) − ln x ≤ ln (cﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
∞x→+ x
x + 1 + e− x
∈ ∀x *+
(
g ( x ) − ln x = ln x + 1 + e− x − ln x = ln
) x
x + 1 + e− x
∈ ∀x *+
* ∀x ∈ +إذن g ( x ) − ln x 0 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ 1
x
1 + x + e− x x + 2
≺ و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ∈ ∀xوﻣﻨﻪ 1 + x + e− x ≺ x + 2 *+
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ e − x ≺ 1
x x
1 + x + e− x x+2
ln ≺ ln وﻣﻨﻪ
x x
x+2
∈ ∀x *+
0 ≺ g ( x ) − ln x ≤ ln إذن
x
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ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ4
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ fﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ
) f ( x ) = 2x (1 − ln x x 0
f ( x ) = e − 1 − 2 1 − e
x x
x ≤0
-1أدرس اﺷﺘﻘﺎق و اﺗﺼﺎل fﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ 0و e
و أﻋﻂ اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
-2أﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات D fﺛﻢ أدرس اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟـ C f
i = j = 2cm -3أدرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات fو أﻧﺸﺊ C f
ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺎل Jﻳﺠﻴﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ]]−∞;0 -4ﺑﻴﻦ أن gﻗﺼﻮر اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻋﻠﻰ ] ]−∞;0ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ
) f ( x ) = 2 x (1 − ln x
x 0
f ( x ) = e x − 1 − 2 1 − e x x≤0
-1ﻧﺪرس اﺗﺼﺎل و اﺷﺘﻘﺎق fﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ 0و eﻧﺆول هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
) lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x (1 − ln x ) = lim 2 x − 2 x ln x = 0 = f ( 0
x→0+ x →0 + x →0+
إذن fﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ eﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﺎهﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎر eﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ -2
-2ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات D fﺛﻢ ﻧﺪرس اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟـ C f
= Df
∞ lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x (1 − ln x ) = +و lim f ( x ) = lim e x − 1 − 2 1 − e x = −3
∞x→− ∞x→− ∞x→+ ∞x→+
إﻧﺸﺎء ) ( C
f
( )
2
⇔ 1− ey +1 = −x + 1
⇔ 1 − ey = −x + 1 −1
( )
2
⇔ ey = 1− −x + 1 −1
( )
2
⇔ y = ln 1 − −x + 1 −1
( )
2
]∀x ∈ ]−3;0 g −1 ( x ) = ln 1 − اذ ن − x + 1 − 1
http://arabmaths.ift.fr 5 Moustaouli Mohamed
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ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ5
x
e
f ( x) = 2x + x
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ xاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـ
e −1
-1ﺣﺪد D fو ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات D f
-2أدرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات fو أﻋﻂ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ
-3أدرس اﻟﻔﺮوع اﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ f
1
-4ﺑﻴﻦ أن A 0; ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C f
2
-5أﻧﺸﺊ C fﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ م.م.م
-6ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ∈ m
ﺣﺪد ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﺪد ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ 2 xe − ( m − 1) e − 2 x + m = 0
x x
اﻟﺤﻞ
x
e
f ( x) = 2x +
ex − 1
-1ﻧﺤﺪد D f
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ∈ x
x
x ∈ Df ⇔ e −1 ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ 0
[∞D f = ]−∞;0[ ∪ ]0; + إذن
ﻧﺤﺪد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات D f
ex 1
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x + x = lim 2 x − −x
∞= +
∞x→+ x→+∞ e − 1 x→+∞ 1 − e
ex
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x + x ∞ = −
∞x→− x→−∞ e − 1
e
x ex
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x + x ; ∞= + lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x + x ∞ = −
x→0+ x→0+
e − 1
x → 0 −
x → 0 −
e − 1
-2ﻧﺪرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات fو ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ
ex 2e 2 x − 5e x + 2
∈ ∀x *
f '( x) = 2 − =
)( e x − 1 )( e x − 1
2 2
1
-4ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن A 0; ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C f
2
ex 1 e− x 1
1 − f ( x ) = 1 − 2x − x = −2 x + x
و f ( − x ) = −2 x + −x
= −2 x +
e +1 1+ e e +1 1 + ex
1
وﻣﻨﻪ ) f ( − x ) = 1 − f ( xإذن A 0; ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C f
2
اﻟﺤﻞ
1
x ln 1−
f (x) = e x ; x 1
f ( x ) = (1 − x ) ln (1 − x ) ; x≺1
f (1 ) = 0
lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) ﻧﺤﺪد-1
x→1− x→1+ x→−∞ x→+∞
1 ln ( t )
x ln 1− − 1 1 1
lim f ( x ) = lim e x = lim e t −1 = وﻣﻨﻪx = − أيt = 1 − ﻧﻀﻊ
x → +∞ x → +∞ t → 1− e t −1 x
lim f ( x ) = lim (1 − x ) ln (1 − x ) = +∞
x→−∞ x→−∞
1
x ln 1−
lim f ( x ) = lim (1 − x ) ln (1 − x ) = 0 و lim f ( x ) = lim e x =0
x→1− x→1− x→1+ x→1+
و ﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺘﻴﻦ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ1 ﻧﺪرس اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻨﺪ-2
1 1
x ln 1− x ln 1− 1
f ( x ) − f (1) e x e x x ln 1− −ln ( x −1)
lim = lim = lim = lim e x
x→1+ x −1 x→1+x −1 x→1+ eln ( x −1) x→1+
= lim e( ) ( )
x −1 ln x −1 − x ln x
=1
x→1+
1 هﻮ1 و اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ1 ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻤﻴﻦf
f ( x ) − f (1)
lim = lim − ln (1 − x ) = +∞
x→1− x −1 x→1−
1 ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎس ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎرC f و1 ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎرf
] و ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات−∞;1[ ] و1; +∞[ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻞ ﻣﻦf ' ( x ) ﻧﺤﺴﺐ-3
1
2 x ln1− 1 1
1
x ln 1−
1 x 1
∀x ∈ ]1; +∞[ f ' ( x ) = ln 1 − + x e = ln 1 − +
x
e x
x 1− 1 x x − 1
x
[∞∀x ∈ ]1; + ﻓﺎن h ( x ) ≤ 0 وﻣﻨﻪ hﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ ]1; +و ﺣﻴﺚ lim h ( x ) = 0
∞x→+
[∞]1; + إذن fﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞∀x ∈ ]1; + وﻣﻨﻪ f ' ( x ) ≤ 0
[∀x ∈ ]−∞;1 * ) f ' ( x ) = −1 − ln (1 − x
f ' ( x ) = 0 ⇔ −1 − ln (1 − x ) = 0 ⇔ x = 1 − e −1
وﻣﻨﻪ ∀x ∈ 1 − e −1 ;1 f ' ( x ) 0و ∀x ∈ −∞;1 − e−1 f ' ( x ) ≤ 0
− −
إذن fﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 1 − e ;1و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ −∞;1 − e
1 1
ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات
x −1
∞− 1− e 1 ∞+
)f '( x + 0 + +
f ( x) = e x 1 − e2 x , x ≤ 0
ln x
f ( x) = e x ,x 0
اﻟﺤﻞ
f ( x) = e x 1 − e2 x , x ≤ 0
ln x
f ( x) = e x ,x 0
]−∞; 0] ⊂ D f ∀x ≤ 0وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ∈ )f ( x وﻣﻨﻪ ∀x ≤ 0 1 − e2 x ≥ 0
ln x
= Df إذن ]0, ∞[ ⊂ D f وﻣﻨﻪ ∀x 0 e x ∈
ب /ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات . D fﺛﻢ ﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ.
وﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ذا اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ y = 0ﻣﻘﺎرب أﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C f * lim f ( x) = lim e x 1 − e 2 x = 0
∞x →− ∞x→−
ln x
ln x
lim f ( x) = lim e x =1 lim * ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ = 0
∞x →+ ∞x→+ x→+∞ x
وﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ذا اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ y = 1ﻣﻘﺎرب أﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C f
أ /ﻧﺪرس اﺗﺼﺎل fﻋﻨﺪ . x0 = 0 .2
ln x 1
ln x
lim f ( x) = lim e x = lim ex و =0 lim f ( x) = lim e x 1 − e2 x = 0
+ + +
x →0 x →0 x →0 x →0 − x →0 −
وﻣﻨﻪ ) lim f ( x) = lim f ( x ) = f ( 0اذن fﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ 0
x →0 − x →0 +
ب /ﻧﺪرس اﺷﺘﻘﺎق fﻋﻨﺪ . x0 = 0ﺛﻢ ﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ.
) f ( x) − f ( 0
e x 1 − e2 x x 1− e
x
1 + ex
lim = lim = lim − e ∞= −
x →0 − x x →0 − x x →0 − −x −x
fﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ 0ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر و ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎس ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل 0
1
1
f ee
2
0 0 1
1
gﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ Iوﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ Iو g ( I ) = 0;
2
1
وﻣﻨﻪ gﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ Iﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺎل J = 0;
2
ب /ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ g −1
x 1
0
2
0
g −1
ln 2
−
2
i = 2cm ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ( O; i ; j f ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ Cf و ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف أﻓﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﻦ 2و3 Cf ) ﻧﻘﺒﻞ أن اﻟﻨﺤﻨﻰ Cf -4أﻧﺸﺊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
ln 3 1,09 ; ln 2 0,69 ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:
)x 2 − x + ln ( x − 1
= )f ( x اﻟﺤﻞ
( x − 1)2
Df ﺛﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات Df -1ﻧﺤﺪد
g ∞+
∞−
ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ وﺣﻴﺪا هﻮ 2 g ( x) = 0 ب( ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ
ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ وﺣﻴﺪا هﻮ 2 g ( x) = 0 اذن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ gﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ و ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ ]1; +و g ( 2 ) = 0
f -3أ( ﻧﺪرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات
2x − 1 +
1
) ( x − 1) − 2 ( x − 1) x − x + ln ( x − 1
x −1
2 2
( )
[∞∀x ∈ ]1; + f '( x) =
( x − 1)4
)2 x 2 − 3 x + 2 − 2 x 2 + 2 x − 2 ln ( x − 1 )− x + 2 − 2 ln ( x − 1
= =
( x − 1)3 ( x − 1)3
)g ( x
[∞∀x ∈ ]1; + = )f '( x إذن
( x − 1)3
[∞∀x ∈ [ 2; + [ ∀x ∈ ]1; 2و f ' ( x ) ≺ 0 )f '( x ﻣﻦ 2أ( و ب( ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن 0
x 1 2 ∞+
)f '( x + 0 -
11 3
و ﻗﻴﻢ f ﺑﺎﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ; 4 ; 3 ; ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﺪاد f ب( ﺟﺪول ﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﺪاﻟﺔ
8 2
3 11
x 4 3
2 8
3
12 + ln 3 6 + ln 2 33 + 64 ln
)f ( x 3 − 4 ln 2 8
9 4
9
)≈ f ( x 1, 45 1, 67 0, 23 −3,31
11 3
ج( ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ f ( x ) = 0ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ وﺣﻴﺪا ﻓﻲ 8 ; 2
11 3 11 3
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ fﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ و ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ; و f × f ≺ 0
8 2 8 2
11 3
وﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ f ( x ) = 0ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ وﺣﻴﺪا ﻓﻲ 8 ; 2
-4ﻧﻨﺸﺊ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C fﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ( O; i ; jﺣﻴﺚ i = 2cm
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ9
http://arabmaths.ift.fr 15 Moustaouli Mohamed
1
g ( x ) = ln( x + 1) − ln x − (Aﻟﺘﻜﻦ gاﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ ]0; +ﺑـ+ 1 :
x +1
-1ﺑﻴﻦ أن lim g ( x ) = 1
∞x →+
−1
ﻋﻠﻰ [∞]0; + = ) g ' ( xﻟﻜﻞ xﻣﻦ [∞ ]0; +و اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﺮات g -2ﺑﻴﻦ أن
)x ( x + 1
2
e −3 ≈ 0, 05 e −2 ≈ 0,14 e −1 ≈ 0,37 ln 3 ≈ 1,1 ln 2 ≈ 0,7
اﻟﺤﻞ
1
g ( x ) = ln( x + 1) − ln x − [∞ ]0;+ﺑـ+ 1 : اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ g (A
x +1
lim g ( x ) = 1 -4ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
∞x→+
1 1 1
lim g ( x ) = lim ln( x + 1) − ln x − + 1 = lim ln(1 + ) − + 1 = 1
∞x→+ x→+∞ x + 1 x→+∞ x x +1
−1
= ) g ' ( xﻟﻜﻞ xﻣﻦ [∞ ]0; +و ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﺮات gﻋﻠﻰ [∞]0; + ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن -5
)x ( x + 1
2
1
g ( x ) = ln( x + 1) − ln x − +1 ﻣﻦ [∞]0; + x ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
x +1
و ﻣﻨﻪ
x ( x + 1) − ( x + 1) + x x + x − x − 2 x − 1 + x
2 2 2
1 1 1 −1
= ) g '( x − + = = =
)x + 1 x ( x + 1 2
)x ( x + 1
2
)x ( x + 1
2
)x ( x + 1
2
−1
[∞∀x ∈ ]0; + g '( x ) ≺ 0 أي [∞∀x ∈ ]0; + ≺0
)x ( x + 1
2
lim g ( x ) = 1
∞x→+
و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ gﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞]0; +
اذن ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ g ( x ) 0
ﺑـ: اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ f (B
x +1
f ( x ) = x ln x + x + 1 ;x 0
f ( x ) = (1 − x ) e x ;x ≤ 0
x +1
. ) lim f ( x ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ lim x ln =1 -1أ /ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
∞x→+ ∞x→+ x
x +1 )ln ( t + 1 1 1
lim x ln = lim =1 و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ =t ﻧﻀﻊ = xوﻣﻨﻪ
∞x→+ x t →0 t x t
x +1
lim f ( x ) = lim x ln ∞ + x + 1 = + و ﻣﻨﻪ
∞x→+ ∞x→+ x
) lim f ( xوﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ ب /ﻧﺤﺪد
∞x→−
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ 0و ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ 0ﺛﻢ ﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺘﻴﻦ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ. f -2ﻧﺪرس ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق
x +1
f ( x ) = x ln + x +1 [∞x ∈ ]0; + ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
x
−1
x +1 ) x 2 + 1 = ln ( x + 1) − ln x − 1 + 1 = g ( x
f ' ( x ) = ln + x
x x +1 x +1
x
f ( x ) = (1 − x ) e x [x ∈ ]−∞;0 ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
x +1
lim f ( x ) − ( x + 2 ) = lim x ln −1 = 1−1 = 0
∞x→+ ∞x→+ x
) (
اذن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ذا اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ y = x + 2ﻣﻘﺎرب ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ C fﺑﺠﻮار ∞. +
اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﺟﺤﺎت ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ-2
2e 2 x − 3e x + 1 ≺ 0 ; e x − 2e − x + 1 0 32 x − 3x − 6 0
x + 2 y = 1 2
x y
اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ-3
2 = 3
4ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
أﺣﺴﺐ
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ5
f ( x ) = 2e 2x x
− 3e + 1 -Iﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ fﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ
-1أ -ﺣﺪد D fوﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات D f
ب -أدرس ﺗﻐﻴﺮات f
-2أ -ﺣﺪد ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ C fو ﻣﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﺎﺻﻴﻞ
ب -ﺣﺪد ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟـ C fﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ذات اﻷﻓﺼﻮل 0
ج -أدرس اﻟﻔﺮوع اﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟـ C f
د -أﻧﺸﺊ C f
)g ( x ) = ln ( 2e − 3e + 1
2 x x
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ6
) f ( x ) = 2 x (1 − ln x x 0
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ fﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ
f ( x ) = e − 1 − 2 1 − e x≤0
x x
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ7
2 x2
= )f ( x 2
+ ln x 2 − 1 ﺑﺤﻴﺚ -Iﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞D = [ 0;1[ ∪ ]1; +
x −1
-1أﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت fﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪات . D
اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول
1
f ( x ) = x − e 2 x − 4 ( x − 1) e x − 2 ﻟﺘﻜﻦ fاﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـ
2
1 4 4 2
f ( x ) = xe 2 x 1 − − x + x − 2x -1أﺣﺴﺐ ) lim f ( xو ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ xﻣﻦ
2x e xe xe ∞x →−