.

:



.
.


.
) (Enterprise"" ) (Virtual )organization Virtual

( . .

Definition of the concepts Enterprise and organization

.
.

.
-
.
.
Virtual Enterprise
. )(Economies of scale

. ) (1
.
) (
.

) (Strength in numbers

. ) (1

) (Business )
( .
.

) : (1
"" "Explanation of the term "Virtual
" " )(IT solution

.
)
.(2 .
" " ) (Remote locations
.

. ) The

(virtual infrastructure
.

) : (2

.
. :
) ..(. . ) ( . . .


.
.
) (Virtual enterprise

.
.

.

.


.

.

.

.
" " " "

. ) (Electronic integration
" " ) Virtual

(organizations


.

.

:
1. ) (Flexibility
) (Core competencies
)Cooperation and collaboration

( ).(External partners
2. ) (Efficiency .
3. .

.
) ( .

.
.
) (
. .

.

.

.
) (Fitness



.

"" . "
" "Seemingly existing
) A network of

.(organizations ) (Stable
) . (More or less permanent
) . (organizations Permanent virtual
) (core partner
. )
(Dell company ).(Amazon. Com
" " " " " "
" . "Potentially existing
) (Dynamic networks
. ) (Temporary
.
. ) (1
.

)
)
(Dynamic VO
(Stable VO
Temporary

Duration
of cooperation
Permanent
/ Vague/fluid

Clearly
Yes
defined
Boundaries

Possible

No

Opportunism

No

Possible
)(ICT

Core partners

Obvious

) :(1

) (Partial mission overlap


.

:
*
Boundary Crossing
* /
Complementary Core Competencies Pooling of resource
*
Sharing of knowledge
*
Geographical depression
*
Changing participants
*
Participant equality
*
Electronic communication
*
Customer orientation
*
Interdependence
*
Empowerment

)] (A goal-oriented enterprise
[ ) . (Metamanagement

.
)(Market economy
.
] The organizational

. ('hierarchy-market paradigm') [of buying from the market hierarchy

) (Outsourcing
) . (Market-governance
.
)(Seven concepts of virtualness
.
.
) (Institutional approaches ) New
(economics of organization theory ) Instrumental

. (approaches )(Deductive methodology

.


). (Management trends
:
.1
.2
)
(Virualness ) .(Complementary term
) (Critical competencies

.
) (Differentiation ) ( .

.

.

:

Business network

Quasi internalization of resources

Common business understanding

Cooperation as an interorganizational process

Adhocracy

Emergent network strategy

Trust

.1
.

. .
.
) .(selection

.
.

) (Project-b y-project

.
.

.


.
) .(Project overlapping
. ) Project -

(oriented approach .
.
) .(Strategic positioning
. :
. ) (Process efficiency .

.
.
) .(Quasi holding
) (Economies of scale .
.
-
.

.
.2

.
.

. :

10

) (Outsourcing )Discrete

(work packages
.
. ) (pool
.
. .
.
.3
)
(Entrepreneurs
.
.
.4

.
.

.5

.
.
. .
.
.6

. .
.



. .
:
. .
. .

11

. .
) (Uncertainty
.
.
.7

. .
) .(Risk taking
. .
.

. .
.
. .


.

)Integrated

(control techniques .
)(VO ) (EC

.

. ) ( )
( ) ( ) (
.

.
.
. .
) (ICT

. ) (Web-based Vos ) (BOL )

12

)
(Amazon.com
( .
) ).((2

Emphasis on

type of Virtual Organization

Basic Function of

)(Efficiency

)(Stable

)(Dynamic

Electronic Commerce

)(Distribution channel
)(Marketplace

)(Flexibility/Innovativeness

) :(2
)
( )( /
/ )
(Organization/participant .

. ) Virtual

(communities
.
) (Linux
) ( ) Potentially

(existing .

.
(
)

.

5-3
. ) (Need-clusters
.

13

.
.




.

.
.


.


.

.
.


(
)
. ) (

.
.
.

)
( .
.

:

)
. (Static ) / ( .

14

. ) (Dell
. ) (Dell

.
) (Dell . ) (PCs
) ( )
( ) ( .

.

)
( .


.


.

15

.
.



.

16

:
1- Aaker, S.W. (2002), "Virtuality in virtual organizations; thoughts for application"
Systems Management, Vol.3, PP. 70 - 94.
2- Baker, S, and Brown ,J" ,(2001) ,E-commerce for dot.coms", Journal of Marketing
Research Association, Vol. 6, PP. 11-31.
3- Duff, A. S. (2001), "Information Diversification for leading virtual teams", Journal of
Information sciences, 26(4 ,(PP. 173-211 .
4- Harris, R.G" ,(2001) ,.The Knowledge-based economy : intellectual origins and
new economic perspectives", International Journal of Management Review, 3(1), PP.
131-212.
5- Smith, K (2001), "Knowledge economy defined", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 3, PP.
27 - 39

17