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Oxydation des métaux
.............. ﺃﻱ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺪﺃ.................
ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺒﻮﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺪﺃ ........ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻘﻄﺮ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻐﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ:
ﻳﺆﺛﺮ .................. ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ Fe ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﺑﻄﺒﻘ ﺔ ﺣﻤ ﺮﺍء ﺩﺍﻛﻨ ﺔ ﺗﺴ ﻤﻰ ROUILLE .................. ﻭ
ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ , Poreuse ................ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﺓ ...... .......... ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺜﻴﺚ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ................ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﺸﻴﺌﺎ ) ﺍﻟﺤﺖ . ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ
ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ III ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ............ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ :
ﻭ ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ. .....................
ﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ . .................... ﻳﻜﺴﻰ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﺘﻴﻤﺔ . .................... , ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍء ﻣﺜﻞ – : ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻏﺔ – ﺍﻟﻄﻼء
ﺑﻔﻠﺰﺍﺕ . .................... ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍ ء ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺴ ﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ........
. ................. ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) ﺍﺷﺎﺑﺎﺕ.(
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ INOX . .................... : ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺪ ; 73% ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻡ ;18% ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ ; 8% ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ. 1%
1 2 ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﻮ ﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮﻡ
ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ Al ﻣﻊ ....................... ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ...................... , ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ
ﺍﻟﻔﻠ ﺰ ﻭﻫ ﻲ ...................... ﻟﻠﻬ ﻮﺍء ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺤﻤ ﻲ ﻓﻠ ﺰ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴ ﻮﻡ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺖ ) Corrosion ﺍﻷﻛﺴ ﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻘ ﺔ(
ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ...................... ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ . ................ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ
ﻭﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ...................... :
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇ ﺔ:
ﺗﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ.
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Cours de BELHAJ Abderrahim site web http://physic9.free.fr http://formation.salifa.com
http://collab.tice.ma MSN : belhaj2007@hotmail.fr email : abbelhaj@gmail.com
ﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪﻯFoum : http://pc1.on.fr :
COMBUSTION DE QUELQUES METAUX II ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺰﺍﺕ:
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ: 2 1
3 1
ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ
ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺤﻮ ﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ
ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ
ﻟﻬﺐ. ......... ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺷﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺼﻬﺎﺭ
ﺑﺪﻭﻥ........ ........... ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻑ ﺷﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻫﺞ ﺩﻭﻥ
ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ............ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ
................ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﻴ ﺾ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ
. .............. ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻦ ﺣﺴﺐ ........... ............. ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ
ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻚ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ............... . ......... ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ . ............
ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻬﺐ. ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ...............
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ3
ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ g 127 ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ g 159 ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃ ﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ.
ﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ. . 1
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ. . 2
ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ. . 3
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻫﻮ 22,4 L ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻬﺬ ﺍ . 4
ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍ ﻕ.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Cours de BELHAJ Abderrahim site web http://physic9.free.fr http://formation.salifa.com
http://collab.tice.ma MSN : belhaj2007@hotmail.fr email : abbelhaj@gmail.com
ﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪﻯFoum : http://pc1.on.fr :