You are on page 1of 15

/

20092010/


:

)(
.

) (1 .
1

2008 .

)(
Crude



.

Convention Principle
, Standard

.
4 ) APB
(4 , 1970
,
FASB 95 ) (2 1980

,
,

.

:




,
, LIFO
FIFO ,

,
,
Immediate Expensing
,

.

:

.1


.2

.3 .

.4
.5
.6

:
)
(
.
:



.

:


.

:
.

:
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .

.1

.
,
,

.

, ,

,
,

,
,
.
FASB 81 ) (5 1984

.
) (Anwer et al , 2002

.
4

) ( Givoey & Hany , 2000



.
2001
Conservatism ) -( Prudence


.


) ( )
( .
) ( Watts , 2003


,
.


) (Ball and Sadka , 2005
:
Unconditional
:
conservatism
ex-ante Indeppendent
.


,
.
Conditional
:
conservatism
ex- post dependent
.



,

.
5

) ( Ball , 2005

,

,

,
.
Walker, 2003) & (Pope


.

.
) ( Watts , 2003
:

.1



,
,


,
,

, :
,

.

,
:

-


,

:
6



,
,

,
.



,
,
,

.
,
.2



.

.3
,
,
.

:
.1

.2

: )
(

.

.
:

. Understatements
7

.3 :


.
.4 :


.
.2


) (.
:
: 2/1 .
: 2/2 .
: 2/3 .
: 2/4 .

: 2/1 .
) (Basu , 1997



.
) (Basu , 1997

) (
Basu
.

:
:
.1



.
:
.2

.

8



.
:
.3
.


.
:
.4

.

.

: 2/2


Understatement
)( Overstatement
:
.1 :
)
( ) ( Ex
. ant Conservatism

.
.2 :

)
(
Ex post Conservatism
.

: 2/3
) (Zahang , 2000



.
9

) (Beaver and Ryan , 2005



.


)
( .

: 2/4 .


Overstatement



) 2008 ( .


:

.
.3



. )
(Ahamed and Duellman , 2007


.
) Watts ,
(2003 :

.


. ) (Watts , 2003
10

.4


FASB



.

:

:
:



.
:


.
) (Watts , 2003

.
:




.
:

.


.
11

:

SEC

SEC
.
:


.



.



)
2008( .

.5


:
:
.1

.

.


.
.2

:



12


) (

.6

:

.1

.

.2
.

.
.3
.

.4
.

.5

.

:

)(
.

.
,
,

.
:


) (

13

Understatement
)( Overstatement

-1
) (
) ( . Ex ant Conservatism
-2
)
(
Ex post
Conservatism .


. . FASB

: :

.1 "
"
2006 .
.2 "
" ,
2008 .
.3 " " .
2008.
Periodicals
1. Accounting Principles Board APB , " The Basic Concepts of

Accounting Principles Underlying Financial Statements


of Business Enterprises Accounting Principle No.4 (New
York : ABB) , 1970
2. Anwer , S.Ahmed et al , " The Role of Accounting Conservatism
in Mitigating Bondholder Shareholder Conflicts Over Dividend
Policy and in Reducing Debt Costs " , The Accounting Review
, Vol .77 , 2002 .

14

3. Anwer , S.Ahmed and Duelman Scott , " Evidence on The Role

of Accounting Conservatism in Corporate Governance " , 2005 ,


Available From www.proquest.com .
4. Ahamed , A., and S.Duellman , " Accounting Conservatism and
Board of Director Characteristics : An Empirical Analysis " ,
Journal of Accounting and Economics ,2007, Available
From www.proquest.com
5. Basu , S . " The Conservatism Principles and The Asymmetric
Timeliness of Earning " , Journal of Accounting and
Economics , Vol.24 , No.1 , 1997
6. Ball , Robin and Sadaka , " Is Accounting Conservatism Due to
Debt Equity Markets ? An International Test of Contracting and
Value Relevance " , Theories of Accounting , 2005, Available
From www.ssrn.com .
7. Beaver and Ryan , " Conditional and Unconditional
Conservatism Concepts and Modeling " 2005 , Review of
Accounting Studies Conference , Sep.2005 , Available From
www.proquest.com .
8. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) , " Statement of
Financial Accounting Concepts No.2 , Qualitative
Characteristics of Accounting Information " , 1980 .
9. Givoly , D.and Hayn , " The Changing Time Series Properties of
Earning , Cash Flow and Accruals : Has Financial Reporting
Become More Conservatism ?" , Journal of Accounting and
Economics , Vol.29 , No.3 , 2003 , Available From
www.ssrn.com
10. Pope and Walker , " Ex-ante and Ex-post Accounting
Conservatism Asset Recognition and Asymmetric Earnings
Timeliness " , Work Paper , 2003 , Available From
www.ssrn.com
11.
Watts , R . L. , " Conservatism in Accounting Part I
:Explanations and Implications " Accounting Horizons , Vol.17 ,
No.3 , 2003 , Available From www.proquest.com .
12. Zahang , X and Fan Qinato , " Conservatism Accounting and
Equity Valuation " , Journal of Accounting and Economics ,
2000 , Available From www.ssrn.com

15

You might also like