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40

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u== @tA'== ('== 9 H's== (b#'== G_== Bs>


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d*c&_{wCf_?9H_&'/1dG>

42

c== A'E )u== A' == B cH = =G's( c== ' == &_{3A'E
nGu{yA'A'E_== {zd-'Ec{wB'Ec== {wA'E
)u== {4_`'== :f_== dA'== At@E == {w'== A'E
2vG_e.#'E#'r#_@Gu."'_B#'()/_{4%_@
.d Mh jdGH K
Z A`` HCd `` LG `` G `` dSQ `` J CG Q
AG!_("'Ef_B#'Bg>H's(#' c7Eu{xB
e?== A == @#'== `-#_{3't== @e== >== A == &_(#
kdG_dA_(E`-#'AFu.#')uB]7_.{w(
43

21_`A'E#'== (_jG%'s== ,'dA'== 9s== '/h== mG


u+$'/,A'Gt== A'E !_(#')_-!_== ("A
Ye UJ Y QOdGh ,Cd WY aGdG
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DE's,A'9_dA_({wG_BismG_dA_(E
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id WdG `` eG `` Y LdG Q`` KBG -`` f
J jd AdG e EG a A`` HCG
== GsA'E== (E== (_== DEuG== C#c== }B
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,jT cH a ,dEG dH e hCG IM
WH `` dPh ,JbYh `` Yh `` JM `` bJh
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I a ,`` G W S O`` J `` K
dHh ,j `` jHCG c a ,`` Yh
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u*dA'E/_A'BcA_-GsApCE
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'sBH_9_,
JGe `` jOG h`` dG `` fc GPEG `` G `` e Q
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bCG Y dG Je cCG M AdG Q


/u>@@#_= =G#'_Csd9'h== -H'== g@sdB't== DE
`` K ,Q`` G `` e `` JCj `` eY `` Mh I`` SCG `` e
aGuA'/udA'BcA_-d>u:%'aDtG
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is== mdA== '|== wjG== G @c== G_CQ
hCG ISCG OGaCG e Oa c j QGO e beh
gB)u{3#'`d{w@== {xB{6Bc{x?_B
c{31sB#'E#'_== A''tD{yA'== {z{3== G#'E#'
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dH `` G Hj `` WY `` ge A`` HCG
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n== {yA'Ek== {6_A'== ,dA_(n== {wG_== !_== ("'E
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== {x(is== mG== -1'== -_== D== G#'Q
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H _s,G_ c== -_{w'tD9/_== d('E
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WdG `` eG Y HG hCG `` HG H `` G
c,1_.1/_{yBBA0|zGdA)0_{xA''E
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h`` H `` f `` Y O`` a c `` jh `` Yh `` FJ
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`` G `` MGh `` e `` SG O`` f CG Q
Oa c `` j CG iO`` f `` M `` G `` ac
9_jG1s*sd`GE_*'0d>c{5_'== d>u:
a ,e j dG JGhOCG jh SdG bH
e== {3_@E== Gv*== 9== de== m`{5#'c== >u:
|yp{4@!_== d.'9s== 9_{wG_== u== *`@E
.JGhOCG SfGh NBG Y jJ

44

..

dG dN

,IG `` e G eG `` SEG jdG `` J IG CG`` Jh `` a G`` ec `` H


CCj T EG Om Gh eh iNCG EG g e dj m e `` K `` je EG `` j
dG FdG ..I`` jh k `` jdG dG AGG h`` G Sh i`` dH k` `Te
kGjhQh ,AU Y kGe cCG S c Me eh jH Lh k ae Y J
SJ dG L ..IG e f cCa cCG Zj QhR EG JQS J kGjhQ
e he c H k Me J dG fLG jQdGh AGdG b d
JbbRh G U jh kZJh kYJQG adG GUCG OGOJ ,Oeh fe
J ec c e `` aY FGHG dGh hCG dG GQd `` Se `` MG
..T EG jW

46

m ` `Mc `` dG `` e `` aVCG G`` Yh `` dG


.NGO
`` b `` U k` `FS `` KdG `` M c `` G
dP e cCJ G J SdG jMh SG
H Ae `` b jTG M `` ddG MU `` Y
'tA_`-%_(fu== {4)s== -}B== BlEu== '
-.. T EG `` M Y `` Z dG `` G
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e kFS `` KdG A`` H AL `` e `` G
(eCGdG) h`` dG `` g `` X `` g EG `` dG
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ddG MU c Y Y Gg ,MdG IQGRh
J Tf Q`` e c `` dG G `` Y `` FHRh
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c== (_{yB_== C#_@c== `-_{4|== w{4== '_== `-%'
pq Jh AV CG`` SCG J gH `` Sh dG Q`` H
G c .. QNH .. `` dG Ad `` a `` HCG
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EG UdG `` e Ha g EG `` L bh `` W `` d
je CG G MdG g e aG Lh
GM H `` Y iS d `` M c Y `` gh `` K
cch `` T je `` e a G`` ec I`` Y
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FdG `` dh K EG `` eCG `` b{
iQCG CG `` jQCG ?? `` G `` gGHEG
z..de

47

`` c`` dH `` He Q`` TCG `` L


CG VjQ hQ Hh J Gd dG G `` c
e M g Y IO`` YG dG Y `` J
o g GdG
m H e AfCG J H
G jdG f c Gdh ,dG e bdG Gg
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f jG e kdN j CG m ` `YS f k` `ge
J `` N h AG`` fCG `` J `` cch `` T ,`` K
.dGh dG e dG dG
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`` e Ik `` ee kGQ`` T `` dEG `` J (`` dj)
.jdG bdG Gg h .. jdG

e `` dH k` `jCG k` `jZ `` bdG c


G `` dG `` J NCJ `` d QJ `` gh I`` M
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fEG e `` db eh `` fGS `` G `` j
hMdG fLCG dG g kU k` `FS KK
`` K `` e `` jeh `` e `` H `` M `` jdG
g Qhj c ,`` SdG `` Je I`` dj ..G`` S
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m f e IdG aG g Je gPCG W
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M a k bO 30 `` b a J `` d `` bY
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m&_{w@W_== *'/'s9%'~`(_== {xC'H_= =9sB


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m `` bh `` g `` j Q`` c `` M h
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b Ae `` dG G`` dG M Z `` gh - `` e
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`` MCG `` a `` SG hCG `` d `` gdG `` a `` bdG
.QJh g e EG gdG hCG YG
ICLe `` d i`` Lh ,`` JjU `` Y `` aJ - 13
iJh ,`` d `` j C` `H gOe `` j `` a
Y j dh M ,k MG d Jh ,jg d
.iNCG Se iCG Y Ha ,gOe
c e ,`` UG Q`` eCG a `` jCGH i`` N - 14
`` bfh ,`` VGZCG `` H AG`` T hCG ,`` dG IQGOEG
NCG a `` ZQh ,QeCG `` H M JM `` a
.jCGH
i`` NCG I`` e `` a `` dG Q`` d - 15
eR J `` CG `` L
..G `` a Q`` eCG `` H
,`` dG `` fGe `` e
`` `` SC `` dh
.aGTEG

AHCG `` H dG Q`` dG c CG `` cJ kG`` NCG


`` jJ `` gj `` e `` g `` dG hCG I`` G AG`` S
dG `` Y CGh ,`` H `` a `` Uh `` T
`` gGG `` Me `` `` M `` MGh `` dH
.Y eh d e H S

.. 20

FNh gGG `` S cQJ CG k hCG p`` Y - 1


G dG aQ gGG id gCG e dG
aQh ,G`` dG KEG ZdGh O`` dGh ,`` jdGdG
`` a ,`` gCG hO A`` bUCG EG A`` UEGh `` dG
.bOj e hCG J CG p d GM
`` bh `` N hO A`` UEH QG`` G `` a `` JG - 2
QdG `` a ,QG`` M cEG `` jh j `` e `` j
..j e f b fCH `` FGO bdGh `` He
Jh ,`` adGh `` dG `` Ye A`` NEG `` J PEG
dG hO `` dG EG dG e QG`` G `` j CG
h Gc J VhG e) IOG FdG AGSEG
.Ggh (...J O J eh Z Oh Gc J
J e jd fc GPEG `` e QGG `` - 3
S FY `` fC ;bQDj e eCH `` e hCG `` dH
QG`` G `` g `` W GPEGh ,`` JQSG `` dG `` e
GQY ,e `` H LCdG `` e WG `` bdG G`` g
G`` eCG `` g C ;BG `` JCG CG `` SCG `` M
.BG dG LDf YO H j
`` jJ `` fCG `` e h`` j `` dG `` SCG `` - 4
e Gk eCG `` d kje GD` `S `` LJ `` fCGh ,AcP
dG H `` TCG `` g fCa ,`` H `` J CG O`` J
,k g `` j `` b Gk ` `eCG p`` r a ,`` L `` Y i`` j
`` dP `` L `` Qh ,`` UNh `` JGP `` bGh
GDdG C ;`` e QGG QG `` k FGO `` NJ
`` S G`` gh ,`` k jH `` j `` d `` dH
.k e k FGO jG
`` cTGh `` JegG `` Y `` J - 5
.JjGg cQTh a e
`` e `` jRh `` H `` aG - 6
.H K
IG Q`` eCG `` cTCG - 7

68

69

s== G a== 9== 9_== {3#'1_== *_-e== `?s== AW


,`` fCG `` M h A`` HCG h `` dG `` H `` j
#' s== (== &_C== DEo_== `{yA'_== ,lu== pC
fmdA'Ef_== G1_`'(_dG== DEG7u== {3
u{yA's(== 9B/G%'_== BE c== {6_GuA'
1{zGvdA'c== {4_{4_B#'|3dG== d`` YS EG `` Y `` Y `` aj h ,`` jQG
*VA'E/'tDE_GE A'B)u.#_dB
c?um(sd*DEu@#'#'

70

..

71

e?E!_{z?,#'Bf_G1_`'c(_dkjmd*Q
ICGG `` c QG`` SCG e `` dP C ,`` G Q`` N `` jW
c`A'tA
cGs*Ac== Gs@== {z'== Gu>2_== As== ?Q
.dG He bh
{3uA'== .Bc== dB== @#'== j{xdA'== ,#'Q
|== 5_.== , == {zE c== &_A'/'u== >#' == ,E== 9
.MG h IGQd
)g'!_== {4#')_== >)/1H'/_== -== *Q
`` `` c ,`` dG I`` ge `` N `` `` dG
_&_dC's(,'vB9u+$*c\{wA'c`A'cjdC
IQe CG J M jeQ d h jg `` d `` b Q
_`:u*dA'cjdA_(cB
b `` e `` e `` g `` e `` L A`` fEG h`` M Q
Y e `` H dG `` ZJ `` e c h`` L hCG ,IQ`` G
_B%_> )1_== `'e?EB|61_dGh== m(f'1_== G2E#'
*_== B_`A_:_C#' c== `A't== A)#'u'u== @s== GvG
_*_}},E
I`` G `` Y `` ,IGQ`` G I`` ge A`` KCG Q
== m(e== C#_> == `9A'|== z`Ac== {yp{xA'
== 9== gA'u== *c== G}A'== d(_dB
`` e h`` J `` eY h ,`` JM `` fGL
== B == C == .sd{w> )#'u== A c== >u*
a9A''tD%'gB c`A'%'u9_{x'
,IOdG jM W EG dG S
%'E#' _== A''tDe== >*== dA'c== B#'%'E#'
)_m(c== }`*u'|== y{yA'== B_== D:E == d,E2
.IdG Y
== > c== `Ac== ?sA's== 9'A'ou== {4'Q
f_{3_{3#'*!_gd{3_(_== _B_`A_:
_c== `A_(_== B_%'== @#'_== j{3't== >
Y cCG eh cCG gH gS
.Jge
gB _'1'u?_G#'1a7#'Q
A_(!'v,c@1tDeC_@== D
E_d(_dBBs== Gv{3_B'tD
_`-s== A{3tA'_== D_`dC'
c`A'tA
tD-d>_+== {3EQ
f_G'EuA'|z(*E c`A'
)u@qG1_*)g'_== ?1#'E
Bspd{w*s== ?_== B't== > s== A'
M gO IQKEG h ,gfG d
.dG Ic
t== D|== z(#'Fu== *s== ? c== -B
A== AE !== {xA'|== z(c== `{5n== &_{yA'
/uj`> H'== g@A01'u== *%'c,_m(== *
'tD@Au}{z*Ac`A't(_*
.GO

c IH `` f i`` J `` c ,`` He `` Y `` aCG


== *E == j{x*== Bu== *== > _== 9s== `A'
'tDfugd{3'== A_C#'Fu*E _== Ac?sA's== 9'A'
BsA'10_@== Ad- _B(_== A'e== ?A'
IQjR hCG WY a hCG cJ `` e Ige A`` KCG
t== D== BE == g(== {z>#'_== A!_== ?s{5#'E== D#'
== ,c== }.== }*#'== 's== Gs_== A'
c`A'tA)s,c(_dB*_-cGu{4
JM jT fc e GPEG G`` S S c `` a
9u>d{3== @EeC#'_`_== @_== *sD_{xBa==
@E== {6''t== D-_== A's,!_== 9== B== {wC
_`_@_d`-'_B'0%'_d(_d)s{3Dd{3
eC#'
9s== 9_{w*== dA'n== &_{yA'|== z(== G_== >E
-:dP

BH's,B#N 'E sA')u@)'DBe== {wAW== {z*E


Vc}AfGt== A',E2|w9== 9_== *sD_{xB
#'em{6E#'u{3#'{6E9A0f_{3_C'9E
H de `` a ,OhdH J JH `` bY
d-W{z*Es== A')u== ({xB== DE_== 7E
tA's-A'== {6'e*_(s== A')u== @f_== G1_`B#'
(1s'E== `9A'!_== {3#'em> == 9== +smG
.zee Y gOOje Ic e YGh dGh
Gh`` dH dG I`` jL )== {3== {x*== g_(
E#'u== 7_'9_== A*== dA')u== {zA't== D== B
{z*E_,E2_== D%'B_{zG#'_== *>_== `A'
e(%'c== A@aDtGh- _== 9s== A')u== A
e== `A')s== -E_== @GEf_== G1_`'1== {z== D#'
|wA,E2W== *)u== .#_dBc== 9_{3%'/== GE
_@> s== A')u@{xGt== A's== -A'|== yp{xA'
cA_m(a{5#'s== ?E D_'c== ?{xB _== C{wG
`` `` fC `` jfG `` jCG hCG `` dG `` e
.Bk&_dA'== (_dG_> f_G1_`'h`*c== }
'1#'> f_&_{zA'd9c{6_GuA'kB'A'
c}Bh== m`GEmdA'2_== j(== {w== DE%'
_@'t== D#'== :1E c== {6_GuA')u== {xA'== 9Fu== .#
V#'E{5#'e@C%_>'uj{6a`{wG
sD_{xG#'sGuG_@s> {yGAW{5'*E
%'cA@aDt{3C#'== (#_> cB_@f_== G1_`'
_d(== 9)s== (c== }B== Gt== A'E== D#'e== (
1'u?tCs== >A_(E cA}`A'c== (_ds== Gs'
A== {yA'Ec== {3_dA'c== 9_{wA'== mClu== pGf_== (E
sjG_B_`A_:E's== ,u.#_dBe== ?E%'/== GE
.zFf
)u{wA'{5'G(At(== dG>'tD== BE
_== >== dA'f_== G1_`Ac== -A'k== B'A'c== (_d
_{6_G1{yd`?B
99H'u.#_dBd{wGjG
.jJ AT c jh

!_== {wA'E_== ,uA'== dpG


== B )== g@ !_== {4#' == 9
JJ h egG h `` G
I`` ge `` J h ,`` jdhCG
t== D s== -#' s== A' )u== @ f_== G1_`B
T Hj `` e IOa ,`` FdG `` aG
e jT `` H dG Ic `` jQe `` H `` LdG
@`?== &'/|== 4_CsAG_== !_== {wA'== B== `?
,IGQe
c9c{6_G1sA')u== @#'!_{wA'B== d*
WGdG Y `` H fC `` Jge `` ZJ h
)sD_{xB{z*== AtA)#'u'_D1s*== dA'u== 9_{x'E
72


..

74

c== d`Cc== ?1E== {z?_== B)u== {x-#'s== `*#'_== B


e ITe Y dG J M ,dG
_ddAcB_{3c== &_@H'/'== B}d>_== (_A
== dG== -== A== {zDu== {w9_== Aa== `{w*E#'
FGYCG `` MCG b e `` dG f `` Le
'1E#' == ( E#' h== L A' f_== ?@ == `}A'
h GTCG `` J ..AG `` ZdGh
s{yA{zA'u== {wAc``{w'c== &_A'/'== '
B== A''t== D== gBc== ,'BE== jA''t== D
9_>sA'}.%'f_`A'dG'tA!'s9#'
G1_{wA'd>_gA'

a{xA'== 9== Gtd'_== &'s9#'== B90%== mC== B


{zGE '9u{xd*cBf_GE_@== 7%_(
h W eCG g JdG `` FdG `` UGdG CG
mC#'E/1udB{x(_A-BismG
(1_'Eu== ,#'B&'E#'== BV== GEsA(W_@
FdG dG SGQO EG S d ,dG b
(1_'Eu,#'== GtA'!_A'Bs== GsA'f_== *_`A
F/== G{wC@W1{w>EA' == B == ' == .'/
cGEcB_j(f'u== {x'(c== {y{ypd'V|== wG1B
.H
#' _== (1_== . == B V|== wG1BF/We== {x@
75

Gu{4E== {5== AtAc== (u'== dC_{3u*Fu== .#'


f'u{x'== >/1c== {3'1sAc== (uVu== {w@== G1sC#'W
f_*_`A'_}*dA'cdp'c&_A'/''_
..G dM
BjA_`}A'cd`C|6u*cA_)_@_== mE
s-#'#'== `* _d?1E== 9{z(== {6EEh== L A'== `?
vA_(|wG1{3,W)u{x-DEhA'!'s9#'
c*_{zG(== 9Ft== d*== dA'EVGeocoris Pallens
_A_(e(t's?
/s== {yA''t== DEc== +_d{3'!'s== CcH = =`LBc== d`A'
_== {wC#'c== G_?Ef_== *_`A'== }d{w*Vu== {w@Ws== @$G

V_`}A'Wc== d`Ct== ,c{wdB)== {5c== ?uG== -v*


)u== {zp'_== d?1E%'== {y*#'_== BE c== GE1E!~== `(
_(E Fu== .#'*cH {z?_B_dA'u== {x*== d|6_{zC_(#_,_*L !'u{z'_d`,(c?A'dd{w*
_(1Es== *EV== }A'1(sA'W_== &'s9#'s== A#'== B
{6E1(sA'o_E)/EsA'cv(d*c@uB
1(sA'1_{5f_d*e{w>_B'0%'d-_.'/c== {z(
.LG bdG J Y IddG
t== D c== dp'c== *_`A'== &_{yA'/'u== >#' == `dG
*`@s-%'`{x*dA'c9_>sA'cj*'{3'
}G_Bs9_== {wC%A== 9_'2_== '_== `dG== dA'
|== 6'uB#'f_== ``{wB== 9!_== {zA)/_== {z'== B_{w,#'
cj*'{3%'!_@0c./_Gd(E#'f_{3E>== B
FM e dG H UGj dG dG j
cB_A'c== A'_{xd@_== gg-!_== A'== {3== dA'E
.gAGQh

== 9 f_== *_`A'_== >/f_== A"' == 9 == >uC_== @_B't== D


_G%'W!_-#'_== 99d-== Gsd's{6_== {wC
Y ,`` CG `` fH `` ce `` e `` e z`` jhdH
c9_>/c== m{3#'df_== `A'_@_== B'0%'_== {xd{3'

}*f'u{x'B)s9_{w'a}*dA'f_== *_`A'
gMCG J CG `` eCG IHY I`` M C `` KSG
b_== {y'f_== `A'#' V|== wG1BF/Wou== {x*E!'s== A'
|== 6u*s== ?== C#')s== 9_{w'a== }A== dA_{31n== {6G
%_>+== BE9!'sd9_(_== ?BE== (== jA
E!'s== Aajd{w*== dA'~>== Dc== ')u== {x'
)u{x'9ud*f_*_`A'#'%'uB#''tDFvG
_== *_+_`C'== }*_== C%_>== AtA_== (_A== Bc== Gsd'
> _== (c-)u== {x-bt== == Ac== &_A'
_g@_== `}A'c== d`C9h== L A'c== ?uG== jDc== A_t== A'V== }A'1== (sA'W!_== 9sd{3_(_== `}A'== G
c?A'*{z({zG

lupd{3'c== 'c{3sA''s== pd{3_(E |== wB'sA'


BV|wG{3AW{w'*EA'V== C{3W
c== 9A_(|== 5_'V== G%'%'/WE== A'|== z'
kDdA'== 9_*1sB== 9E#'== \{w'== DE
.dG
EA'|z'9f== Gs*VE{3W./#'

B{5'dAc&_A'dAspd{wGf_`A'_@'0%'
Jf e JY AHCG Ea ,G`` G e FM
dAc== ,_-@#'== DE == {5'dA_(E#'_== {zG#'== D
H >== A0ismG== >Vu== GtW== &_{31
p*_== @
!! AdG
#'!_== A's== ,Eh== m`A'== Bf'== {3Fs== B== 9
== d`A'E!_== '1_== , E1== 'E_== {y{yA'1_== j{4#'
f_*_`C== B_A-_== BBh== Gs''u== 7#'b0_== jd*
B*#_*u== Gt)1_{4%'#f_== {yC%'c== A_-== *E
VG/{3BWE_*1988 Y .jdG baQ
cGsAA'V:_>WcB_,Bgm`A'Gu>E
h== m`A_( u== GtmdA' == &_{31 _== f_== *_`A' == {3
f_+_`CAe== {6u*== dA'f_== *_`A'#''Es== ,Es== ?E
f_== *_`C|== 6u*!'u== ,== ')u== {xd'c== &_A'
|3{wA'== B== jA!_== {z`A'_== A{5_A'E== }A'
aGu?jDF#aD#_d*Ec9_>sA'_dm{3#'tm{x*
AGYCG `` YJ `` dG `` FdG OG`` d `` bWEH
.SdG
|== wC== B== {wA'f_== `A'== G#'== {xGE
fs,Eh- dAGd-1u{zd'f_`A'c{y>
GQTEG a IOQ iJ QG f CG SGQdG
c(_{y'!_{z`A'_A{5_A'cd`C
k&_dCB!_A'== d_B@B== :uA_(== A
h `` JdG `` H `` Te `` N `` g CG `` Y `` dGO
'tD7_A'e== `A'%'V== C{3== CW== {w@%' f_GE_A'#'9B'/A/_DG _== {z(
VC{3W9_@s== A''tD,#'BE u== B#' %_>9EVbWcd`A'%'{y*V#'Wcd`A'Bcg`'
d-== A'F#'1_== D'uGEf_== +_`C'== *== j{wG#'
V#'Wcd`A'cA_{319>/u(*VbWcd`A'
_+Es-e`gG
>)/{x'== dA_{6VC{3Ws== ,E'u== .$B

A'a== ?kDd*== dA')u== {x'Vc== 9A'W cB_j(c== G'!_A'1== {w>Eu(== }*== AtA
76

E|yB's== pd{3_(aCuA''1E#'s== -#'== }>


%'b_{y'aCuA'Bf_+_`C'1_{wB_dA'== B
_dB_?_C#'1A'9->d`Gu?aCu@dd`C
e j bGQhCG Y `` edG gOGe RG`` aEH
BuGtmdA'cA_{31_dd{3'_C#'G_ !'s9#'
.HG hCG dG
77

V|== 3{3AW == *Eu( c== >_{6%_( Va== CuA'W f_== `A


== B == jG1Es== ( t== A'Ec== 9A'== B lu== pd{w'
== B Ve== C{3_, == gBW c== &_A' f_== +_`C'
'spd{3_(_j{w*{wGc\{zBEcjDdBaCuA'
.GedG
== (1_!'u== ,%_(V== C{3W1== {w>Eu(u== {4_(

c{4/1sA'== A~== {3@== '== 9== {5'dA'u== {ydG


uG}*B_{z(== s> f_*_`A'(c== &_A'
c`Gu?c.'/f_`{4'spd{3_(== {5'dAFu.#'== &_{3E
..dG ffEG H dG
a== {y?E== {3A'Ec== AE'uA'== gBf_== *_`A'|== z(
_D9/_== `d*dA'f{5A'== Bc`{4== du== {wA'
gc>#'Et,Bf_`{xA'== *A#_d*E f_== B'
|61#'eE#'c(A'n}{39_{y*'f'?
B== Gu>EVu== >d{3== G2,Wh== -_`A'Fu== ,#'s== ?E
c9_>FsB9== (1_ cGsAA'V/(/'1Wc== B_,
Bc`{xA'@1_{x'/'u>#'cG_->f_`{xA'tD
.G
c== ?1E== B@#_= =dA)/E/o'u== {3== 7%'%'s== 9h== f{5A'Bc`{4Bc9udB|z(#'{3A'f_`C
1_d.A's== GsA'BFu.#'c== 9jn== {3_== Ds(E
h He `` bQh `` Y i `` dG `` SdG `` T `` H
cjdA'e== C_> F0#'_{w)1E_== Fu== .#'c== `{4
i`` MEG `` UCG `` dG `` dG `` J G`` jdG CG
== ?_(== d{3_(a== `{wA'Vu== >d{3Wu{wG_== *_9
9c== m{zA'c== ?1A'== B1't== C%'c== A_{31c== `{xA'/'u== >#'
u== GtmdA'e== d{3'c== ?1E@e== A*Ec== .'sA'f'== A'
gKEG `` Y h ,dG OG`` aCG bd `` dSQEG IO`` YEG `` e
9_>sA'_{6EFu== .#'f_9j''1E#'ft== p*'
{zA){w?== @#'_?'1E#'== j(_== C_BE_== &_@
e cCd `` HZe Z `` Fc OG`` e RG`` aEGh
.LG hCG (jOG) dGh GG b
78


80

gB== A'dm&'1%'_== A== GE== {wB*)s== {wA'== (_Ae== ?A'== B


*sA'Ecm&'1
)s!_`A'{wB*)s{wA'fu== jC' c{31s'tBdA'1/_:_== Bs9E
*sA'EeC_@== dA'u}A'c== ,_,2_Au{z-#'s== *# == ?#'== 9c== 9_{3
c-'uA'B#'cm&'1dBs,EE _d{w*
f#'s(E b_{w'E c(_dA'E )!'uA'|wG1s*9e?*A'A0t== BE
{wB*)s== {wA'eAE#'s== ?E V{y>cBWc== >_@/'== '_== 7#'|== wG1sd(
s== d{wG== 9#'s== (== 9v== @A'f#'s== (_== -E s== dAH_= ={5_.H_= =B_dD'
c{3'1sA'c{wA'cG_(E u{3#'d(_jd{3'eC_@@#'dj{4_@E 7_{xC
s-#'n`{5#'E !_@0D2u(#'E {yA'H'vtBdA'@#'Bs*n`{5#'
_Ds9As'tBdA'
s*tdA_(_(s9)u@tB{wB*)s{wA'fs,E_9{zBs(E
V*_-_(_?cB{z>#'_C%'W_>_AG
ad@A0s(+BFu.#')u@tB#'d*#'E/f'{3e{3e{zB
d-_C#'E == {y>cgA_gA'c`*u'2u== -#'E cGC_gA'c-u'== @#'== C#'_== A
*_-c7_(_?cB{z>#'cC_BdeA'2_B"'
>_AGBu."'H_(_}.e* A09f'{3(1#'!_{zC's(E
{3C%'E _== -Gc== A'== B== C%'E c== `{5e== m`{5#'!_== {4#'%'W
tDAt@_As== @#'E E#'u{xA'c,1s(c== B_'BH_= =`Gu?lu== pdG
V"'d-s9cBa-#'E{z>#'_C#'cA_{3uA'
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c{3'1sA'
AE *_-'== 7d(_?c== Ba-#'E{z>#'_== C#'Fu.#')u== B_== As== @#'E
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A0Bu."'b_== }._D!_,sA s''t== Ds9c== {yA'== ?d*E
#'== `{3_@E _== ,EvdG== {3== C#'E )_== d>== (_?== C%'W== >== G == (uA'
_B|wjdA*#_*#'_== Ba7E B_9`?*s?sA'E#_= =(_== D.#'
ajA'E VA09== {wB*)s{wA'e>'Es?E ,'E2== -== *sA'E
tB/'s9_A's== D#'tA'{wCsA's*u*e== C_@_== C#'u== B#'
A0B@#'E c{y?_C1_j-#'Fs-%'eC_@tA'E e{zBcG7f'{3
N
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89

Area Manager Mobile: 81519007797


Email: cgocgk_yemenia@yahoo.co.id

Manama
(Kingdom of Bahrain)

Jeddah ( Saudi Arabia )

Country + Area Code (973) GSA - Dadabhai Travel, Manama Center Shop No5 : Tel:
17223181 Fax: 17210191 Area Mgr Tel:
17213922 Mob: 39663831 Fax: 17212804 ,
A/P : 39663831 / 39426888
E.Mail: yemenia@batelco.com.bh

County + Area code (9662) Al-Kheima


Shopping Center Mena Road Opposite
Saudi T.V Area Mgr Tel :6447042
Fax: 6446089 Mob: 55648958
Sales Mgr : 6447056
Adm: 6445564/6440512 Resvn.
Tel. :6440515-0741-1689-1468
Stn mgr Tel: 6853459 - Fax: 6853052 ,
Mob: 504633427
Office Hours:Sat-Thu 09:00-13:00 & 17:0021:00 Fri 10:00-12:00 & 17:00-20:00

K
KHARTOUM Sudan
(Country + Area Code 00 249-183)
Town Office: Albarloman Street
TEL: Area Manager: 766169
Fax 766168, Mobile: 912390706
Reservation: Tel: 766166/67
E-mail Khartoum @ Yemenia.com
Airport Office: Khartoum
Station Manager Tel: 912163506
Khartoum@ yemenia.com

Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
(Country Code: 00 603)
Business Suite 19A-30-3
30th Floor, UOA Centre
19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Airport site:
Yemen Airways (Malaysia - KLIA Office)
Lot S3, Mezzanine Level 4
Airlines Office, Main Terminal Building
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
43900 Sepang, Selangor
Malaysia
Tel Town Office: +603-21643031
Tel Country Manager: (Mr Mohammed AlMekhlafi): +6012-3305353
Tel Airport Office: +603-88764601 / +60387764678, Tel Station Manager: (Mr Meor
Azhar) : +6019-3049501
Town Office Fax: +603-21616977
Airport Office Fax: +603-87764674
Town Office Email: kualalumpor@yemenia.
com / yemenia@streamyx.com / iy_sale@
streamyx.com, Airport Office Email:
kualalumpurstn@yemenia.com

Kuwait - Kuwait
Country + Area code (965)
Airport site:Farwaniya
Office address: Ali-Al-Salem Street /Building
Bassam, P.o.Box 21659,safat 13077, Kuwait
Sales office:22317171 22457962
Area mgr Tel:22317172/
Fax: 22454777 - Mob:99125519
Airport office: 24345555 Ext. 2085
E-mail:Kuwait@yemenia.com

L
London ( U. K. )
Country + Area Code (44-207)
67 Great Titchfield Street London W1W 7PT
Tel: 0044(0)2073233213
Fax: 0044(0)2073233132
E-mail:yemenia@yemenairways.co.uk
LHR Airport Office:room 2102 South
Corridor
Terminal 2 Heathrow Airport Hounslow
Middlesex TW6 IEW-Tel: 0044(0)20875903
8Fax:0044(0)2087599054

M
Madrid ( Spain )
Country + Area Code (34-91) GSAUnited Tours S.A. C/San Bernardo
80-82, 28015 Madrid Tel. 914441351
Fax : 914441355
E.Mail: untours@untours.e.telefonica.net

Moroni
Republic of Comoros
(Country Code : 00 269)
Rond point Salimamoud
Boulevard Maor Petite Coule
Area Manager Tel: 773 14 04
Mob: 00269-3332247
Email: aljabri590@gmail.com
Sita:yvarriy, Reservation Tel: 773 14 01
Fax: 773 14 05
Email: yemenia@comorestelecom.km
moroni@yemenia.com

Mukalla ( Yemen )
Country + Area Code (967-5)
October Zone Beside Banaaemah Mosque
A/Mgr
Tel.: 302413 Fax: 302414
Mob: 733786099
Sales Tel.: 303444/5, 352364
Airport Office Tel. : 385228/9
Mob: 711710122, Office Hours :Sat
Thu 08:00-20:00 Fri 16:00-20:00 &nbs p;

Mumbai - India
Yemen Airways
Office No.1, Arcade, World Trade Centre
Cuffe Parade,Mumbai..400005.
Area Manager
Tel:22188379 , Fax.22188301
Mobile 9820062900
E.mail:mumbai@yemenia.com
Reservation: -22161649,22183333
Airport office;66859500,
Fax:66859504
Mobile:9821013306
Cargo office no.26817592,Fax:26817593
Office Hours.Mon-Fri 0930-1730
Sat 093-1330

Muscat ( Oman )
Country + Area Code (968) GSA - National
Travel & Tourism Tel.: 24660300
Fax: 24566125
E-mail:nttoman@omantel.net.om

Avenue Tel.: 447702 Switch Board , Fax:


374837 Rsrvn : 374702 / 377656

O
Oslo ( Norway )
County + Area code (47) GSA-Airline
Directors Fridtiof Nansens Plass 7, 3rd floor
n-0160 Oslo Tel.: 22411490 Fax: 22410311

P
Paris ( France )
County + Area code (33-1)16, Avenue de
LOpera 75001 Pairs Area Manager
Tel: 42566051 / 42566052 Fax: 47033597
Mobile: 67560452 3
Email:paris@yemenia.com
Marketing Manager
Tel: 42566058 / , Fax: 42898025
Email: marketing@yemenia-paris.com
Reservation Tel: 42560600 , Fax: 42898025
Email: resaventes@yemenia-paris.com .
Airport Office Tel: 48642425,Fax: 48166377.
Station Manager Mobile: 607604344
Email: parisstn@yemenia.com.
Cargo Office Tel: 70760266/7,
Fax: 70760268 . Cargo Supervisor
Mobile: 688683522
Email:c.heurteur-yemen.a@adp-telecom.net

R
Ras Al Khaimah - UAE
Country Area Code ( 971 7)
Address: Al Nakeel Road, Sheikh Tariqal
Qassimi Bldg, Ras Al Khaimah
P.O. Box : 5121, Ras Al Khaima
Tel: 07-2286211- Fax:06-2286200
Email: rakagncyemirates.net.ae

Riyadh ( Saudi Arabia )


Country + Area code (966- 1) Al-Ouda
Building, Khazzan street P.O Box 61063
Riyadh-11565 Area Manager Tel: 4122206
Fax: 4039314 Mob: 054424493
E.mail: Riyadh@yemenia.com
Reservation: 4039282, 4039248 / 4039184
Station Manager Tel: 2201998 Mob:
054109314
Office hours: Sat-Wed 09:00-13:00 & 16:0020:00 - Thu 09:00-13:00

Rome ( Italy )
N
Nairobi ( Kenya )
Country + Area Code (254-20) GSA
Imaan Air. Ltd.
3rd floor Sasini House Loita Street
Tel: 2229166 / 2240891,Fax: 2246605
Area Manager Tel / Fax: 2218731, Mobile:
70877786
E-mail: nageeb.azzubairy@yemenia.com nairobi@yemenia.com

New Delhi ( India )


Country + Area Code (91-11) GSA-Trans
Arabia Transport & Travel Pvt. Ltd C/o Delhi
Express, P-13 Connaught Circus, New
Delhi 110 001,Tel.: 3363218 / 3568 / 3188 /
3583, Fax: 3365952

New York ( U.S.A. )


Country + Area Code (1-718) GSA-Arbian
horizons travel & tourism 203 court st.
Brooklin z 11201,Tel:7970906 Fax: 7970915
E-mail: nyc@arabian-horizon.com YEMENIA -YEMEN AIRWAYS 203 court
street . Brooklyn , NY 11201 USA . Area
Manager :Tel: 718 254 - 5867. Fax : 718
254 5872. Mob: 347 210 2313 E-mail:
newyorkstn@yemenia.com Sita : NYCZQIY
NYCZZIY ELIZZIY

Nicosia ( Cyprus )
Country + Area Code (35-72) GSA - Travel
masters ltd 82A-Archbishop Makarios III

County + Area code (39-06) Via Di Porta


Pinciana 6. 00186 Roma Area Manager
Tel.: 42012745 / 42012749 Fax: 42012749
Mob: 3299551000 E.mail: yemenia@tiscalinet.it Cgo Cismat S.P.A for Northern Italy
Address: via xx settembre,30-1612 Genoa
Tel: 39010/540651 Fax: 564090
A/P Tel/Fax: 65010269 / 65953323
Stn Mgr Mob: 3299537890

S
Sanaa ( Yemen )
County + Area code (9671)
Area Manager Tel: 400544 Mob: 711710544
0ASales Manager Tel: 400546 Fax:201821
Hadda A Office Manager
Tel.:201822 / 204550 / 204538
Hadda B Office Manager
Tel.: 209578 Sales: 204616/7
Manager Agency Sales
Tel.: 400541 P.T.A Section 204615, Zubeiry
Office Manager Tel.: 260838 Sales Office
Tel: 260834/6, 500766, Abdul Moghni Office
Manager Tel.: 250803 Sales Office
Tel: 274697/98 Shoob Office Manager Tel.:
252989 Sales Office Tel: 250833
Taiz Street Tel: 600902/3 Fax:600907
Office hours: Sat-Thu 08:00-20:00
Fri: 10:00-12:00 & 17:00-19:00
Sanan International Airport
Station Manager Tel.: 345831 Fax:345832,
Mob: 73777747
Sales&Traffic office Tel: 345868/346410,

Cargo Service Tel:345824/5


E-mail: cargo@yemenia.com
cargoexport@yemenia.com
cargoimport@yemenia.com
Galileo Yemen: E-mail: ndc@y.net.ye

Seiyun ( Yemen )
County + Area code (967-5) Al-Degail Bldg,
Hai Al Hamdi Wahdat 18th of April
Tel.: 403565/402550 Fax: 404388 A/P
Tel. 402145/402298
Office hours: Sat-Thu 08:00-13:00
& 16:30 19:30

Sharjah - UAE
Country Area Code (971 6)
Orient Travel
Address: Al Arooba Street, Orient Building,
Sharjah,UAE. P.O. Box 772, Sharjah
Tel: 06-5683838 / 06-5696025
Fax: 06-5684273
Email: yemeniagsa@orienttravels.com

Sheher ( Yemen )
County + Area code (9675) Wihdat Alqyerya
Hospital str. Mgr Tel/fax: 332452 Sales
Tel: 332451, Office hrs: Sat-Thu
08:00-20:00 Fri 08:30-11:30

Singapore ( Singapore )
County + Area code (65) Tourist Mobile
Travel Center Pte. Ltd 20 Cecil Street Equity
Plaza #05-06 Singapore 049705
Ticketing/Reservation: +65 63331966
Cargo Reservation: +65 65388590

Socotra ( Yemen )
County + Area code (9675)
Tel.: 660123/124 Fax: 660311

Stockholm ( Sweden )
County + Area code (468)
GSA-Yemenit Com AB Sveavgen 137
113 46 Stockholm-Sweden
Tel. 46 8 444 00 00 - Fax: 46 8 444 00 50
Mobil : 46 70 740 45 40
E-mail: amari@yemenia.se
Web Site : http://www.yemenia.se

T
Taipei ( Taiwan )
Country + Area Code (88-62)
GSA - Overseas Travel Services Ltd. 2nd Fl
No. 129 Chang Chun Road
Tel. 5116188 - Fax : 5330626

Taiz ( Yemen )
County + Area code (9674)
Houd Al Ashraf Herwi Street
Area Manager Tel/Fax 228815/233225
Mob: 711718195
Sales & Resvn 233226/217126-6/228497
Mobile 7924699 A/P 218195/6/7
Office hours: Sat-Thu 08:00-20:00
Fri 10:00-12:00 & 1 7:00-19:00

Tokyo ( Japan )
Country + Area Code (81+3) GSA-World
Transport Inc. 14-9 Ginza 1-chome Chuo-ku
Tokyo 104-0061 JapanReservations
& Ticketing Tel: 3564-3773 Fax: 5250-2915
e-mail: yemenairways@gsawti.jp
Director Tel: 3562-2570,Fax: 5250-2915
Mobile: 90-1251-6269
e-mail: kaneko@sankeitourist.co.jp Working
hours & days Between 9am and 6pm daily
except Saturday/Sunday & Holidays

V
Vienna ( Austria )
Country + Area Code (43-1)
GSA- Aviareps Airline Management
Services Ges.m.b
Argentinierstrasse 2/4
A-104 ViennaTel: 5853630-19
E-mail: sbuooz@aviareps.com

90

Representives and Agents


A
Abu Dhabi ( U.A.E. )
Country +Area code (9712) GSA-Abu Dhabi
Travel Bureau Bader Tower Tel Reservation:
6338700/6342005/6344325 E-mail:
yemenia@emirates.net.ae Cargo
Office: 6340524 Fax: 6214885 Area
Manager:Tel:6323675 Fax: 6392790 Mobile:
506216552 Yemenia- Airport Office Tel:
5757087- 5757008 Fax: 5757811 Office
Hours: SAT-THU 08:00-13:00 & 16:30-19:30
E-mail: abudhabi@yemenia.com

Addis Ababa - Ethiopia


(Country Code : 00 251)
Town Office : Ras Desta Damtew Avenue
P.O. Box 1079
Tel : 11- 5515076; 11- 5526440/1; 115516079; 11- 5511809, Fax : 11- 5545196
Area Manager Mobile : 11- 9112003
addisababa@yemenia.com
Airport Office :
Addis Ababa Bole International Airport
Tel : 1-6610830 - Fax : 1-6650488
Station Manager Mobile : 911218753
addisababastn@yemenia.com

Aden ( Yemen )
Country + Area Code (9672)
Queen Arwa Road-Crater Aden
Tel. Reservation: 253848/253291/252528/2
53969/255568/252456
Area Manger Tel: 240838/245263
Fax: 240834 Mob: 711710838
Airport Office Tel: 240838/245263
Traffic Tel: 231060/231041,Madram street
Maalla: Tel: 242467/243626/245264/5

Ajman - UAE
Country + Area Code ( 971 6)
Al Ketbi Travel
Address: Al Diwan Round-about,
Aldorrah Building, Ajman.
P.O. Box : 20520, Ajman
Tel: 06-7446409 - Fax: 06-7446763
Email: yemketaj@emirates.net.ae

Alghaydah ( Yemen )
Country + Area Code (967-5)
Tel : 612041/612144 - Fax : 612451
Area Mgr Mob : 711710145 Airport Office
Tel : 612450Office hours :SAT - THU
08:30-12:30 & 15:30-18:00
FRI 08:00-10:00

Amman - Jordan
Amman - Jordan
(Country Code : 962)
Town Office : Queen Rania St. Malak
Commercial Center Area Manager
Mobil : 799542203, Sales Manager:
799093232
Area Manager Office : 6 5652712 ,Sales
And Reservation : 6 5652713/14/15
Fax : 6 5652711 E-mail :
Amman@yemenia.com
Airport Office : Queen Alia Airport
Station Manager Office 6 4451162,Mobile
799500559 - Fax : 6 4451162
E-mail : Ammstnmgr@zain.jo

Amsterdam ( Netherlands )
Country + Area Code (31-20) GSA-Air
AGENCIES APG Air Agencies
Head Office : Flamingoweg 9 ,Room 280
1118 EE-Schiphol Amsterdam Netherlands
Tel: 3161916/921- Fax: 3161999
E-mail : info@airagencies.nl or
yemenia@airagencies.nl

Asmara ( Eritrea )
Country +Area code (291) Yemen Airways
Harent-Liberty Ave
Reservation & sales office
E-mail: yemenia@gemel.com.er
arhmanarman2002@yahoo.com
Office Tel: 00-291-1-120059/
121035 / 120199
Fax: 00-291-1-120107

91

Area Manager mobile: 00-291-7112283


Home : 00-291-8203536 Home
Office Hours: MON-FRI 08:30-12:00 &
14:30-18:00 , SAT 08:30-11:00
Yemenia Airport Office: 291-1-152546 /
153467
Station Manager mobile : 00-291-7112135
Home : 00-291-1-150756

Sales And Reservation:11 2220086 - 11


2223681 - 11 2228255
Airport Office: Damascus International
Airport
Mobile : Station Manager:988 001106
Tel:Station Manager Office:11 5400170
E-Mail : salyemeni@yahoo.com

Ataq ( Yemen )

Country + Area code (9663) PSA-Shamsan


Travel Dahran Road
TEL: 8337765 FAX: 8349363

Country + Area Code (967-5)


Tel / Fax : 202881 Sales : 203892
Mob : 733730104
Offices hours:
SAT-THU 08:00-12:00 & 16:00-18:30

Athens ( Greece )
County + Area code (30-1) GSA-AIR
Promotion (A.P.G Hellas) 13 Omirou St.
,Athens 106 72 Greece Tel: 3603120 /
3607740
Fax: 3633121 E-mail: jplatanias@apg.gr

B
Baghdad ( Iraq )
County + Area code (9641) Al-Gandol
Travel & Tourism Co. Ltd Sadoon Street
Tel. 7193546/7

Bangkok (Thailand )
County + Area code (662) GSA-Saba Trade
Travel Co. Ltd 45/4 Sukhumvit Road, SOL
3 (Nana Nua) Klontoey, Bangkok 10110 Tel:
6503301-4 Fax:6503305
E-Mail: yemenia@inet.co.th

Beirut ( Lebanon )
Beirut Lebanon
(Country + Area Code 00961-1)
Town Office: Al-Hamra- Gefinor Center
Clemenceau Street
TEL: Area Manager 737637
Fax: 747704
Mobile: 00961-70752100
Reservation: Tel:01737736
E-mail: Beirut@Yemenia .Com
Station Manager Mobile: 9613880599 /
96170847791

Brussels ( Belgium )
Country + Area Code (32-2) GSA - Royal
Aviation 91-97 bld.Maurice lemonnoer
Tel : 7882088/7882020
Fax : 2230293
Mob: 475281010
E-mail: yemenia@skynet.be

C
CAIRO - Egypt
(Country Area Code 2-02)
Zamalek Office ,
7 & 8 Sour Nadi Alzamalek Mohendessen Area
Direct Manager Tel : 33461441 / 33446965
Fax 33034552 - Mobile : 012-3161675
Resvn. : 33469854 / 33466799
Arae Manager : 0090190919293
E.mail : Cairo@yemenia.com
Evergreen Office , 10 Talaat Harb Str.
Resvn : 25772467 25740711
Fax : 25772473
Cairo Airport Office - Station Manager
Tel /fax 22918485 22695356
Traffic Office : 22654110
Cargo Office : 22653677
Fax : 22653677 E.mail :
ameh Fawzy [Samehcargo@hotmail.com]

D
DAMASCUS Syria
(Country Code : 00 963)
Town Office: Maysaloon Street Mohandessen Bldg
Mobile : Area Manager: 933 222071
Telefax: Area Manager Office:11 2245240
E-Mail : yemenia@aloola.sy

Dammam ( Saudi Arabia )

Dar Essalam ( Tanzania )


County + Area code (255-22) GSA-Badr
East African Enterprises Ltd.
TOFL Building Ground floor OHIO Street.,
B.O.Box: 10761
Tel. 2126036/7/8/9 Fax:2123072,
Area Mgr Tel: 2126032 Mobile: 742762780
Email: taha.almagidi@yemenia.com
Sales Manager Mobile: 0784608906, Email:
gsayemenia@raha.com

Detroit ( U.S.A. )
County + Area code (1-313) GSA- Arabian
Horizons Travel & Tourism 10148 Vernor
ave , alameer shopping center, Dearborn
Michigan 48120
Tel. 4830828 ,Fax: 8430620
E-mail: horizon-tours@y.net.ye

Dhaka ( Bangladesh )
(Country + Area Code (880-2) GSA - Bangladesh Aero Vision Limited Erectors House
5th floor 18 kemal Ataturk Avenue Banani,
C/A Dhaka-1213
Tel : 8857481, Fax: 8857480/8826374
Area mgr mob: 017303 7699
Stn mgr mob: 01730 40531
E.mail: info@yemeniabd.com

Djibouti
Republic of Djibouti
(Country + Area Code : 00 253)
Town Office : 8 rue de Paris
Tel reservation : 355437
Area Manager Tel : 355427 / Mob : 644218
Fax: 355439:Email: djibouti@yemenia.com
Airport office : 340979 Station Manager Mob:
676520 Email :djiboutistn@yemenia.com

Doha - Qatar
Country + Area Code (974)
GSA Trans Orient Travel and Tourism
Center Airport road.
Addresses : Po.Box:363
Reservation Tel : 4458309/4458310
Area Manger Tel : 4458333/4458387
Fax: 4327245 - Mobile: 5846954
E-mail: Yemenia@qatar.net.qa,
Doha@yyemenia.com, Office Hours:
Sat-Thu 0800-1300. 1600-1900

DUBAI - UAE
Country Area Code (971 4)
Al Rais Travel
Address: Al Maktoum Street, Clock Tower
Roundabout,Ministry of Enviorment & Water
Bldg., Deira. P.O. Box 4951,
Deira Dubai
Tel: 04-2956797 / Fax:04-2941080
Email: yemenia2@eim.ae
YEMENIA DUBAI OFFICE
Country + Area code (971-4)
Airport site:Terminal 1
Office Address: Al Maktoum Street, Clock
Tower Roundabout, Ministry of Enviorment &
Water Building, Deira
P.O. Box:4951 Deira Dubai - UAE
Area mgr Tel: 4-2958883 - Fax: 4-2958877
Mob:97150 5517383
Email:areamngr@eim.ae;yemenia1@eim.ae;
Email Accounts: dxbhldy@yemenia1.ae
Reservation/Ticketing office: Al Rais
Travel DubaiTel: 04-2956897 - Fax:
04-2941080,Email:yemenia2@eim.ae
Airport office:Terminal 1, Departure side,
Airline offices area, behind Food Court,
Office no. 3126
Tel: 04-2244309 - Fax:4-2200171

Station Manager Mob:97150 6448410


Station Mgrs Asst: Mob:97150 6571319
Email:yemenia3@eim.ae
Cargo Office Address:
Cargo Village, Airline Import/Export Building, 3 floor, Office no. 3045
Tel: 4-2832887 ,Fax: 4-2832878
Cargo Sales & Operation Manager :
Mob: 97150 7259126
Email: yemenia5@eim.ae
dxbcgoexp@yemeniacargo.ae;
dxbcgoops@yemeniacargo.ae

F
Frankfurt ( Germany )
County + Area code (4969) Rossmarkt 5,
60311 Frankfurt Tel. 288272/3
Fax: 287655 Area Manager - Tel. 288274
Mob: 1726727616
E-Mail : yemen-aiways@t-online.de
A/P pob 25 /building: 150/room2574
60549 terminal 2 Tel:69028711-69539650
Fax:69539711

Fujairah ( U.A.E. )
County + Area code (9719) GSAFujairah National Air Travel Agency Tel.
2222316/2222524 Fax: 2222555

G
Guangzhou (China)
County + Area code (86-20)
Yemen Airways Guangzhou Representative Office
Add: M02, Garden Hotel, 368 Huanshi
Dong Road, Guangzhou, China
Tell:8620-83815959, Fax:8620-83814707
Mobile:86-13802772274,Reservation
Line:8620-83817111
E-mail:abdulla.kassim@yemenia.com

H
Hodeidah ( Yemen )
County + Area code (9673)
Area Manager Tel. 201470 Fax:201471
Mobile: 7117120949 - Reservation Tel.
201473/420 - A/P Station Manager
Tel. 231797/231254 - Mobile : 711710108
Office hours: SAT-THU 08:00-20:00

I
Ibb ( Yemen )
Country + Area Code (967-4)
Taiz St . Area Mgr Mob : 711710147
Telefax : 412349 Sales :412350/400818
Office hours :Sat-Thu 08:00-13:00 & 16:0020:00, Fri 09:30-11:30 & 17:00-19:00

Istanbul ( Turkey )
Country + Area Code (90-212) GSA - Fatih
Turizm cumhuriyet cad. 317/2-3 -34367
harbiye Tel: 233 3624 - Fax: 2320850 / 232
4777 - Mob : 532 211 72 98
E-Mial: fatihtur85@superonline.com

J
JAKARTA Indonesia
(Country + Area Code : 00 62-21)
Town Office : Wirausaha Building 7th
Floor, Jl. HR Rasuna Said Kav C-5 Jakarta
12940,
Office Tel.: 00-62-21-5261715 (hunting)
A.M Direct: 00-62-21-5261245
S. M Direct: 00-62-21-5265743
A. M. Mobile : 00628138285526
S. M. Mobile : 00628128324455
Fax: 00-62-21-5261249
Email: yemenairways@cbn.net.id and
jakarta@yemenia.com
Airport Office : 1st Floor, DOD 15
Cengkareng, Soekarno Hatta - Office Tel.:
00-62-21-5502681 CGO
Tel.: 00-62-21-5594481 , Fax: 00-62-215502680


ITEMS

PRICE / $

DUNHLL- DESIREXIOOM

49

CINEMA 50 ML (M)

62

AMOR EDP WOMEN (F)

60

TADOREW 50 ML

89

SILOLITA 80 ML

85

BOSS HP COLLECTORS

71

BOSS PURE 75 ML

50

SOLO LOEWEPOP

79

AGNAR FAM 100 ML

78

FERRE WOMEN EDP50ML

40

BALDEESSAIR DELMAN MEN EDT 90 ML

57

SIL VER SHADOW EDT 100 ML

60

COCO MRMOZIL

71

GUCCI PPURHOME MEN 100ML

58

O.DMOZEL 50ML

63

EGO BEST FOR MEN

115

DANCE WITH GIVENCHY

45

DUNHILL PURE EDT 75ML

51

CHANS FRISH 50ML

80

DAVIDOFF (HOT) 110 ML

52

FLOWER BY KENZO EDP 50ML

71

DOLCE & GABANA FOR MAN 100 ML

71

LOEWE QUIZAS DEP 50ML

57

AGENT PROVOCATEUR 50ML

51

DOLCE & GABANA LIGHT

68

LOWE SOLO 125ML

64

ESCADA S EDP 50ML

53

NINA (RICC -Ricc) 50 ML

56

NINA RICC 50 ML

48

DUNHILL LONDON ED 100ML

61

BUGAHI MEN 125ML

76

NAFNAF (W) 50ML

43

SOLO MEN 75ML

46

KENZOLEAPER 50ML

54

AGETGR MAN2 50 ML

63

SACRET OBSESSION 50ML

49

BOSS ELEMIT 90ML

56

ESCADA OCCEN 50ML

45

92

SHOPPING OF DUT

Y FREE

ITEMS

93

PRICE / $

DIOR ADDICT2 50ML

82

POLO EXPLORER 125ML

93

VERSACE PUOR HOME 100ML

71

DUNHILL BLACK 100ML

61

DIRO HOMME INTENS 50ML

83

KEN20 POWER 125ML

80

ESCADA INCREDIBLE 50ML

53

BOSS BOTTLED NIGHT MAN 100ML

68

ARMANI IDDLE 50 ML

64

HUGO XX SUMMER

47

WOOD MAN 100ML

71

LOLITA 50ML

55

PLAY IN 50 ML

59

BOSS ORANCO 50ML

51

BAIDESR PRFATA

64

FERRE GIANFRANCO

65

BUGATTIBLACK

68

POLO DPUBLE 75ML

65

VERSACE versuce 50 ML

60

LOEWE TONICHT 50 ML

41

ESCADA DESIRE ME

53

DUNHIL 51.3 N

67

ESCADA ABSOLUTELY ME 50ML

53

LIGHT BLUE MAN 120ML

68

MASCHINO GLAMOUR 50ML

48

D&G LIGHT BLUE WOMEN 100ML

75

DAND & GENTL MAN 100ML

75

BOSS ORANGE 100ML

68

DUNHILL CUSTOM 100ML

75

HOUGO JUST DIFFRNT 100ML

54

ESCADA ESPECIALLY 50ML

63

VERSACE VANITAS 50ML

60

AGNER BLACK 75ML

52

GIVENCHY ANGE OTRNGE 50ML

88

DIOR HOMME 100ML

94

D & G HOMME 100ML

75

BOSS BOTTLET SPORT 100ML

65

MOSCHINO FOREVER MAN 100ML

75

European Union schemes of geographical


indications and traditional specialities
promote and protect names of quality
agricultural products and foodstuffs; and are
based on the legal framework provided by
the Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006 of
20 March 2006. Such a law ensures that only
products genuinely coming from a certain
origin and whose quality is directly connected
ZLWKWKDWRULJLQDUHDOORZHGWREHLGHQWLHG
as such in commerce. The main purposes
of that law are to: protect the reputation
of regional foods, promote rural and
agricultural activities, help producers obtain
a premium price for their authentic products,
and eliminate the unfair competition and
misleading of consumers by non-genuine
products, which may be of lower quality or
GLIIHUHQWDYRXU
To achieve the recognition of protection of
a DO, it becomes necessary to prove the
connection between the origin and the quality
of the product through data, information
and documents. The Yemeni coffee would
be easily recognized as a DO. This becomes
a necessary step in the way of protecting
Yemeni coffee. With such arrangements,
FRQVXPHUVFDQIHHOFRQGHQWWKDWWKH\DUH
buying genuine products and producers
are fairly compensated for their efforts in
producing a product of superior quality that
IXOOOVWKHVWDQGDUGVRIWKHGHQRPLQDWLRQ
Any imitation or evocation of the DO
without being authorized, or not meeting
the legal requisites for its use, constitutes
an infringement to the legal norms of the
country where a DO is protected.
That is extremely important. Especially that
Yemen is considered a specialty coffee in
many markets and there is an increasing
fragmentation of coffee retailing, which
impacts Yemens coffee trade directly. This

modern trend creates new opportunities for


high-quality and niche coffees.
In the US, approximately 17% of the total
YROXPHRILPSRUWVFRXOGEHFODVVLHGDV
specialty coffee. However, this accounts
for approximately 40% of the total market
YDOXHDQGPRUHWKDQKDOIRIWKHSURWVLQWKH
coffee industry. Not surprisingly, Starbucks
appears to be the worlds largest retailer
of Yemeni coffees. After Saudi Arabia, the
US is Yemens largest market, according
to a USAID study: Moving Yemen Coffee
Forward, Assessment of the Coffee Industry
in Yemen to Sustainably Improve Incomes
and Expand Trade, December, 2005.
Furthermore, the potential of coffee farms in
<HPHQUHPDLQVWREHVLJQLFDQWZKLOHVWLOO
maintaining the niche advantage of having
quality special coffee. Therefore, there
LVERXQWHRXVRSSRUWXQLW\WRVLJQLFDQWO\
increase the production and competitiveness
of Yemens coffee sector.
Considerable developments must also
be sought in creating an effective and
competitive supply chain. That is because
the effectiveness and competitiveness of the
entire supply chain pays a lot in achieving
success in todays coffee business. Improved
standards must be addressed at all levels: the
farm, post-harvest, and market levels. Fewer
defects, cleaner coffee, and reduced losses
can considerably improve incomes.
Coffee is an economic sector of particular
VLJQLFDQFHDQGLPSURYLQJWKHSURGXFWLRQ
HIFLHQF\DQGPDUNHWFRPSHWLWLYHQHVV
will have a considerable impact on the
poor. It is an industry that is not subject to
automation and requires constant attention,
thus, it is considered to be labour-intensive
in its nature. It also supports a wide variety
of job creation and responds to vulnerable
populations.

27

Opportunities

Yemeni Varieties
A lot of discussion has been going on for
some time regarding the Yemeni coffee
varietals. It is commonly believed that these
are among the oldest genotypes in existence.
Most Yemeni coffee is harvested from ancient
types of coffea arabica that have evolved
locally for centuries in many remote pockets
of highlands.
There is no other place in the world where
100 percent natural Arabica coffee is grown
and sun-dried. Dozens of local names are
used to identify plants whose origins are
lost in time. Some of those local names are
well-known even in some foreign markets,
such as: Mattari from Bani Mattar district,
Ismaeli from Haraz district and Sanaani.
Other local names might only be known in
local communities. It is obvious that local
types have some common characteristics and
could therefore be classed together. Yet, there
is still some disagreement among researchers
regarding which landraces may be the
progenitors and how many there actually are.
0RVWUHVHDUFKHUVVHHPWRDJUHHRQYHPDLQ
varieties: Udaini, Dawairi, Tufahi, Buraai
and Abu Surra.
While some of the most famous local types
are: Mattari, Harazi, Ismaili, Jaadi, Hawri,
Haimi, Sanaani, Saafani, Hammadi, Yafei,
Raymi and Essaei.

Challenges
Coffee is surely one of Yemens most
important agricultural commodities being
a reliable source of cash income. There are

26

around 150,000 Yemeni coffee farming


families, most of them living in mountainous
regions. The traditional cultivation process
still prevails and has hardly changed over
time. That has helped in maintaining the
Yemeni coffees superiority of quality, but at
the same time it is also behind low production
volumes. That is why yield is much less
compared to other coffee producing nations.
This, in addition to the high demand, has led
to a high price for the Yemeni coffee.
The coffee sector in Yemen is facing several
challenges, such as: water scarcity, the
nonexistence of a grading system to establish
a fair value for the coffee farmers, the weak
and uncoordinated institutional support for
the coffee sector in Yemen, lack of farmers
technical knowledge in different stages of
production and marketing and the absence
of proper infrastructure, technologies and
resources needed for post harvesting practices
like drying, packing, hulling, transportation
etc.
The persistence of such challenges results
in low production and low revenues for
farmers and discourages them to cultivate
more coffee. Its apparent that Yemen needs
to apply a holistic integrated approach to
upgrade coffee markets.

Yemens coffee most important competitive


DGYDQWDJHLVLWVQDPH,WLVGHQLWHO\IDYRXUHG
for its unique taste and premium quality.
The incomparable character of Yemens
coffee and its long established relationships
have allowed it to continue in time-honored
ways and to be considered one of the most
successful coffee origins in terms of both
its fame and the price that is consistently
paid for its coffees. Therefore its name and
fame constitute a national asset that Yemeni
IDUPHUVDQGH[SRUWHUVEHQHWIURP7KDWDGGV
a considerable value to the prices of Yemeni
coffee. Some studies have estimated such a
value to be around 75% of the total revenue.
Yemens coffees have a unique niche and
limited availability in most markets. Given
the considerable value of Yemens coffee
in the international marketplace, it is not
surprising that dishonest traders and exporters
would sell counterfeits. Yemeni coffee is
reportedly mixed with other non-Yemeni
types at transshipment points in other
countries to be sold as Yemeni coffee. Thus,
this name, being a public asset, needs to be
protected, preserved and developed. The
historic and merited credibility of its coffee
as a brand name, should be protected
for the best of farmers, exporters and even
consumers. Although there are coffees of
non-Yemeni origin that are being called
Mocha, there is still substantial opportunity
to recover this and other branded terms
that have great value in the marketplace.
The larger demand created for distinctively
distinguished coffees such as those grown in
Yemen makes the prospect broader.
European and US protection laws of
distinctive names and origins will enable
Yemen to establish and take full advantage
of its unique national and regional
characteristics, such as those of Mattari,
Harazi, or Ismaeli coffees through a
Denomination of Origin program DO. The

Mohamed Alabsi
With every sip of the genuine mocha coffee you feel the
cordiality of ancient fairy tale cities. Yemens coffee is
WUXO\XQLTXHDQGGLVWLQFWLYHLQLWVH[TXLVLWHWDVWHDYRXU
and quality. It is undoubtedly one of the most praised
and prized coffees in the world. Yemen introduced coffee
to the world many centuries back out of the Mocha
port, south west Yemen, where it got its reputable name
from. The demand was very high, which meant that
WKHFRIIHHZRXOGRXULVKRXWVLGHLWVRULJLQDOKRPHODQG
and for many centuries, Yemen was the worlds only
source. Some records claim that the Mocha port was
highly guarded and watched over to ensure that no
fertile plants where allowed to leave the country. If
that was true, then it was an attempt from the Yemenis
to protect their commercial interests. Yemenis then,

were not aware that they were launching a trade of


what would become a global industry worth over 60
billion dollars in the 21st century. Today, more than
2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world
on a daily basis. The genuine mocha coffee still stands
out as a potent relic of uniqueness in todays world
of increasing homogenization and commoditization.
Yet, unfortunately, coffee farmers in Yemen are facing
challenges due to various reasons, among of which is the
non-existence of protection for a competitive advantage
that needs to be well-maintained, which is the historic
and hard-earned credibility of Yemens coffee as a
brand name, the well-known mocha coffee.

25

Yemen Mocha Coffee:


A Call for the Protection of a National Asset

24

like circles and spirals producing richly


varied decorative intersections. In spite
of the apparent intricacy, the resulting
formations are basically governed by a simple
mathematical structure dictated by the will of
the designer. The seemingly endless fabric in
plastic space creates a set of niches pervaded
E\LQVFULSWLRQDQGE\PHWDPRUSKRVHGRUDO
DQGYHJHWDOSDWWHUQVEDVHGRQQDWXUDOJXUHV

Scrollwork
This kind of decoration, also known as
DUDEHVTXHRURUDOGHVLJQFRQVLVWVRIRUDO
and vegetal patterns drawn according to strict
UXOHVDQGQHPLQLDWXUL]DWLRQDOWKRXJKWKH\
may seem too complex. Arabesque in general
FRQVLVWVRIFXUYLQJDWURXQGRUVKDUSHGJHG
OHDYHVRZLQJLQDOOGLUHFWLRQVLQLQWHUVHFWLQJ
or spiral formations, either interspersing
the geometric designs or surrounding the
inscriptions.
In the case of arabesque, the artists work
aspires to a degree of transformation and
abstraction of natural elements that retains
only a remote likeness to the original plants,
which may have inspired the work. The
resulting vegetal world dilates with the laws
of succession and rhythm creating a sense of
movement typical of all scrollwork.
The various forms of Islamic decoration
are governed in almost all cases by a basic
structure that leads to variations determined
by the designer and the style used to
illuminate the manuscript. A designer may
choose to use vegetal decoration out of an
urge to imitate natural forms, and in so doing
may not strictly abide by the established rules

IUDPHLVUVWGUDZQE\DVKDUSSRLQWHGSHQ

of thumb, but tends to represent the plant

then an inside frame is drawn in red with a

Red and orange, for example, are associated

world more freely.

thin margin separating the two frames, which

ZLWKUHDQGWKHVXQDQGPD\WKHUHIRUHEHXVHG

special atmosphere intended by the colorist.

QDOO\EHFRPHDZLQGRZVXUURXQGLQJWKH

to suggest warmth and heat. Shades of green

Line, Color and Movement

decorative pattern.

and blue, by contrast, are associated with cold

Muslim artists have excelled in using

Islamic decoration is characterized by great

lunar development and may be used to suggest

complex color palettes. They created new

skill in mixing and producing colors, which,

cold. If the colorist together on one page uses

color compositions, which provoke the

when applied to the page, seem to be superbly

the four colors, the effect will be that of skillful

imagination by their splendor, please the eye

engaged in a kind of dialogue. Indeed, the

succession that suggests a sense of dynamism

and address the deeper feelings and emotions

colors develop new relationships based on the

and remarkable luster. In this way, the skillful

of the audience.

established rules of density, succession and

use of colors may represent the Muslim artists

A designer usually applies colors and gold

contrast. Certain colors are used more often

joyful appreciation of and response to external

OLQHVDIWHUQLVKLQJWKHJHRPHWULFGHVLJQVWKH

than others because they reinforce the effect

nature.

FDOOLJUDSK\DQGWKHVFUROOZRUN$QHEOXH

of the decorative composition, and create a

* Islam on line

23

Decoration, the Main Art of Islamic Civilization

The three elements merge dynamically

In spite of the variety of designs, some

In some parts of the Islamic world like

and harmoniously against a perfectly

patterns may be highly recurrent like the

Turkey , India and Persia old books used to be

PDWFKLQJEDFNJURXQGDFFRUGLQJWRVSHFLF

star-shaped octagons or hexagons. Drawing

decorated by miniatures of human or animal

mathematical rules.

repeatedly overlapping squares usually

JXUHVRUE\VFHQHVRIGDLO\OLIHZDURURWKHU

The remaining space in the background is

creates an octagon. The designer draws an

VSHFLFVRIVRFLDORUFXOWXUDODFWLYLWLHVZKLFK

often gilded and colored to add a special

initial circle, and inside the circle draws

reveal the individual or collective imagination

touch of beauty to the original design.

squares intersecting at an angle of 45 degrees.


7KHQXPEHURIVTXDUHVGHWHUPLQHVWKHQDO

in a certain age in the past. Some of these


miniatures are exquisite pieces of art and

Design motifs

JXUHWZRVTXDUHVSURGXFHDQRFWDJRQZKLOH

may be studied for the light they throw on the

This type of decoration consists of designs

WKUHHIRXURUYHVTXDUHVUHVXOWLQVWDUOLNH

unique features of Islamic art.

EDVHGRQLGHQWLFDOEDVLFJHRPHWULFJXUHV

shapes with twelve, sixteen or twenty sides.

Starting from the second century (Hejira

that form a grid of lines. The decorative

The repetition of octagons produces polygons

calendar), the ground rules began to be laid

elements proceed from a central circle

of various geometric shapes.

for the art of intricately illuminated Islamic

containing small identical squares and

Basic geometric shapes like the triangle

manuscripts where intertwined lines seem

triangles set in symmetrical formations to

and the square are present in all decorative

to have a transcendental value. This richly

produce an intricate design of octagons,

designs. The designer may either keep these

harmonious system of decoration is based

hexagons, star-like polygons and other

shapes intact or remove some of their sides.

on three main elements: design motifs,

geometric shapes interlaced according to the

In the latter case, the initial shape disappears

calligraphy and scrollwork. These elements

set pattern.

and new geometric formations emerge:

are used in perfect mixture with gilding and

The central circle with which the decorative

square-pattern grids, equilateral triangular

coloring to represent the innermost feelings

design starts vanishes completely or partly

grids, pentagonal grids and various other

of the artist and the typical emotions of the

VXJJHVWLQJDEDFNJURXQGULFKLQJXUHVDQGD

formations of combined polygons.

Muslim reader.

crystalline system of organization.

These elements merge with other shapes

22

By: Huyam Abdul Wadoud *

Paintings are no harm to the Islamic creed.

Simplicity

Accordingly, Islam does not make paintings

One of the basic principles of Islam is

Carving Living Creatures

and hanging pictures on walls an unlawful

simplicity and the avoidance of extravagance

Before Islam, it was a common practice to

act if the objectives are decorating and

in life. It is based on the principle that

carve creatures and bestow upon them a

EHDXWLI\LQJKRXVHVDQGSURYLQJVFLHQWLFRU

anything except God will perish. Islam at one

holy value. However, some Islamic artists

religious facts. The wealth and treasures left

time had reached a point of greatness and

refrained from such practice, which was

by Muslim artists since the advent of Islam is

richness to the extent that if Muslims had

common to the Greek and Arab pre-Islamic

proof of such an opinion.

sought to beautify their mosques with gold

civilizations.

and silver, they could have done it.

God says in the Quran what means,

Harmony With Nature

However, Islams views on simplicity

[you who believe! Intoxicants, gambling,

Islamic art is in harmony with nature. It is

and economy prevented Muslims from

VDFULFLQJWRVWRQHVDQGVHHNLQJOXFNRU

in peace and harmony with Gods creation.

exaggerating the decoration of their mosques

decision by arrows are an abomination of

It expresses this harmonious relationship

and homes with silver and gold.

Satans handiwork. Eschew such abomination

between the Creator and His creation. Nature

Islamic artists have been so creative that they

so that you may prosper.] (Al-Maidah5:90)

is a central source of inspiration to old

created material to replace the use of silver

Thus, Islam prohibits worshipping these

Islamic artists.

and gold. A few examples are the use of

carvings instead of God. However, many

They studied it, absorbed its secrets,

crystal, glass, wood, and even dirt to create

Muslim scholars were not against pictures or

reformulated its meanings, and expressed

artistic columns at mosques and public parks.

the art of drawing, and, as Imam Mohammed

them in many artistic ways. Art critics believe

Again, Andalusia represents the peak of

Abdo says, Islam does not prevent us from

that the originality of Islamic art stems not

such advancement. Other places, such as

taking advantage of one of the most effective

only from the source, which is nature in this

Istanbul , Cordoba , and Baghdad are lasting

instruments of learning (meaning drawings)

case, but also from the meaning and rhythm

expressions of the greatness of the Islamic

(Reda 498-502).

added to it by artists.

civilization and Islamic arts.

21

Decoration..
the Main Art of Islamic Civilization

The difference between one art and another is civilizational. Arts are expressions of the sense of
belonging to different civilizations. Roman art, for instance, is an expression of strength. It represents
the role of the strong arm in building that civilization. In the case of the Greek civilization, we
QGWKDWSKLORVRSK\ZKLFKLVWKHHVVHQFHRIWKH*UHHNFLYLOL]DWLRQGRPLQDWHV*UHHNDUW
Similarly, Islamic art is an expression of the great civilization that encompassed many cultures,
races, and peoples over the ages. The Islamic arts of India , Egypt , Iraq , and elsewhere are
expressions of the greatness of the Islamic civilization and arts. The following are some features of
Islamic arts.

20

entries,the buildings in al hajrain were built of clay whose color merges

views and green orchards that produce a variety of fruits and graps . The

naturaly with the color of the highlands. The citys buildings are tall,

valley is crowned with a jewel of house right atop its rocky summit. It is

closely built and adjoin each other to form narrow yet quaint pedestrian

called Dar Al Hajar, after the granite rock on which it was erected.

alleys. This old city dates back to the hamirite era, but is known today

The house was built on the ruins of an old temple in the eighth century

mainly for its ten mosques.

AD by Ali bin Salah Al Ammari, who was famous for his architectural

Al hajrain is considered one of the quietest tourist sites with an abundance

and astrological skills. He was an erudite scientist who designed several

RIPDJQLFHQWVFHQHULHV7KHFLW\LVVXUURXQGHGE\DIHUWLOHYDOOH\GRWWHG

dwellings and house , the most important of which is Dar Al Hajar. The

with palm forests, al hajrain is also known as the place where emro,a al

KRXVHUHPDLQHGDVLWZDVIRU\HDUVWLOODQXSSHURRUZDVDGGHGE\,PDP

qais grew up , a place of poetry and platonic love. It is also a place where

Yahia bin Hamid Al Dien.

KLVWRU\FRPHVDOLYH\RXFDQQGKHUHWKHUHOLFVRIWKHDQFLHQWJRGVOLNH

'DU$O+DMDULVNQRZIRULWVHOHYDWHGVHYHQRRUZKLFKDUHLQQDWXUDO

seen , athtar and dhat hamim.

harmony with the rock that they are built on . Creativity in design and
accuracy of performance are apparent in the house whose faade blends in

Dar Al Hajar

with nature to create an architectural tour de force.

Dar Al Hajar is located in the valley of Dhahr, one of the parks that stretch
RXW NP WRWKHQRUWKZHVWRI6DQDD7KHYDOOH\LVNQRZIRULWVPDJQLFHQW

source: National Information Center

19

and maintained , and its decorations techniques to ensure the structure

day, the city mills extract different kinds of oil from the grains that grow

manifests the beauty of Islamic architecture and decorations in Yemen.

in the region. There are also many tombs dug into the rocks, spread across
WKHPRXQWDLQVWKDWVXUURXQGWKHFLW\WKDWUHHFWWKHJUHDWQHVVRIWKHROG

Hababa city

Yemeni civilization.

It is located 45 km to the northwest of sanaa, and accessed via an asphalt-

The region is regarded as an important tourist destination for its numerous

paved road that connects it with sanaa, thala and shpam, and extends

monuments, attractive milieu, beautiful scenery and soaring, colorful mountains.

WRPDKZHHW+DEDEDFLW\LVNQRZQIRULWVSUHLVODPLFKLVWRU\IRUWLHG

This unique tourist destination is really a place where one can spend time.

position, mild weather, quaint streets, alleyways and picturesque houses.


It is also characterized by the amazing architectural of its mosques, and its

Al hajrain

methods of water preservation and drainage treatment.

Al hajrain city is located 100 km away to the southwest of sai,oon city .

The city is circled by a defensive fence supported by semicircular towers

hajrain means city in the ancient Yemeni language the village of al hajrain

to protect it against any attack. It is interesting to walk through its narrow

is the most ancient village, and one of the most beautiful places in the

alleyways to observe the methods of architectural, and let the ruins tell

corner of one of the curves in the valley, and is divided into two adjacent

you the story of the city through time. The city was famous in bygone

sections on the sides of the curve which overlook a wood of palm trees.

eras for producing oils that were exported to neighboring areas. To this

The city was built on a rocky hill overlooking the valleys right and left

18

image at sunset, when the sky and buildings become playful with colours,

and exquisite frescoes , painted in colors that are vibrant to this day.

PDNHV\RXUFDPHUDQJHULWFKWRWDNHDVQDSVKRWOLNHOLWWOHHOVHFDQ

Commissioned by Sultan Amar bin Abdul Wahhab in 1498 AD under the

The best place to relieve that itch is on the mountain of Jabal Khidba,

Zaheria State , it is considered on of the most important archaeological

where you can get a birds-eye view of the city by climbing only a short

and historical landmarks in Yemen.

distance up the path.

During the course of its long history , Al Ameriya became a beacon of

)URPWKHROGIRUWLFDWLRQRUIURPWKHWRSRIWKHPRXQWDLQ\RXZLOOEH

science and enlightenment that attracted students from all over the world

DEOHWRVHHWKHHQWLUHFLW\LQFOXGLQJWKHWRZQJDWHWKHZDOOHGIRUWLFDWLRQ

,which was quite an achievement in those days when traveling was

that surrounds Shibam, and the large Maruf ba Jamal Mosque to the left

GLIFXOW0DQ\RIWKHVFLHQFHDQG.QRZOHGJHKROGHUVRI\HVWHU\HDUV

of the town.

graduated from this school which was often the seat of government during

There is another mosque of the same name within the city wakks, Vitg

the reign of Sultan Amar bin Abdul Wahhab .

were founded by the 16th century scholar who lent them his name.

Located at the center of Radaa , the school is a colossal building whose

Walking through the streets of Shibam, you can view the large houses in

six identical round domes , hoisted on tall archways falling on two heavy

more intimate detail. From this perspective, one of the most interesting

FROXPQVGRPLQDWHWKHVXUURXQGLQJV7KH0DGUDVDKDVWKUHHRRUVWKDW

things about the buildings is their elaborately carved wooden doors,

measure forty meters (north south) by twenty-three meters (east west).

doorframes, and locks. Some of the doorframes, in particular, are quite

7KHJURXQGRRUZDVEXLOWZLWKVWRQHVZKLOHWKHWRSWZRRRUVXVHG

old- the one from Bayt Abdullah bin Fakik is said to date back to 1609,

tiles.

and that of Bayt Ali ibn Hayasa to 1717.

The porticos of the mosque and school were used as meeting corners for
students studying religious and worldly sciences and knowledge at the

Al Ameriya Madrasa

school . The facades of the school are dotted with big arched opening

Al Ameriya Madrasa in Radaa is among the largest and most extravagant

and remarkable timber screened windows , while the entire structure is

monuments in Yemen with multitude of domes, arches, niches, and

spectacularly covered with eye-catch be seen even in the lavatories which

decorated inside with intricate carved stucco patterns, inscriptions

UHHFWWKHPRGHUQUHQHGDUFKLWHFWXUHRIWKHEXLOGLQJVZHUHUHVWRUHG

17

To See

The city is a marvel of mud-brick skyscrapers, densely packed together

Shibam Hadhramout

Since 1982, te city has been recognized as a World Heritage Site by

Around the 3rd century AD the ancient Hadhramout capital of Shabwa

UNESCO.

was destroyed, and Shibam became the new capital of the region. The

The architectural style and design of the city on the whole is unlike

city had existed for several centuries before its promotion, and it had been

anything else in Yemen. The most popular theory to account for this is

EHVLHJHGLQSUHYLRXV\HDUVEHIRUHWKH+LP\DULWH.LQJGRPQDOO\SURYHG

WKDWUHVLGHQWVHHLQJIURPWKHGHVWUR\HGFLW\RI6KDEZDUHEXLOW6KLEDP

superior to that of Hadhramout.

their new home, based on the design and structure of Shaqir, the great

Most tourists come to Shibam to see the city itself. In the early 1930s,

palace of Shabwa. The theory makes sense the inhabitants would no

Freya Stark and Hans Helfritz made separate journeys to Shibam, the

doubt long for a piece of their old home with them.

former coining the town the Manhattan of the Desert and the latter the

The image of these monolithic buildings jutting heavenward in the isolation of

Chicago of the Desert..

the surrounding countryside is truly spectacular, and viewing the panoramic

16

RQDVPDOOPRXQGDQGZKLFKH[WHQGXSZDUGVRPHYHWRHLJKWVWRUH\V

uphill to the west lead to other picturesque

Jabal Maswar, some 35 km south-east of

Saleh Al-Yaman, using two support bridges

villages like Kahil which overlook Hutaib

Mahweit. Extraordinary beautiful terraces

below. If it were easier to get to, this bridge

and Manakha itself.

abound on the slopes of the mountain.

would surely be one of the great tourist sites

Jabal Shibam, the highest peak of the Haraz

To the east of the mountain, almost directly

of the Middle East.

region at almost 300 metres, stands to the south of

north of Tawilla (some 20 km) is a village

There are impressive views wherever you look from

Manakha, a couple of km south-east from Hutaib.

called Bait Adaga lies under Jabal Maswar

Shahara. Our option is to climb up Jabal Shahara to

where an overnight camping is spent.

shahara village, enjoying the extraordinary views

JABAL MASWAR

from the terraced slopes of the mountain.

The province of Mahweit is arguably the best

JABL SHAHARA

However, you need to be in excellent physical

place to trek in Yemen as well. The distances

Jabal Shahara is situated on the top of 2600

shape to do this because the trip will take at

are not overwhelming, the mountain scenes

metre. The village of Shahara (at the top) with its

OHDVWYHWRVHYHQKRXUV:DONLQJDOOWKHZD\

are breathtaking and the people are among

famous stone bridge dating from the 16th century,

to the top will vividly demonstrate to you

the friendliest in the country.

is an impressive mountain fortress village.

why the Turks were not able to conquer the

A good halfway destination is the 3240 metre

The bridge was built by a famous architect,

village on top of the mountain.

15

Trekking and Hiking

1 - Haraz 2 - Jabal Maswar 3 - Shaharah region

YLOODJHVEXLOWRQKLOOWRSV2QHRIWKHQHVW
examples, the tightly built Al-Hajjara, is

Yemen offers some of the best opportunities


in the world for trekking, especially in the

JABAL HARAZ

YHNPVRXWKZHVWRI0DQDNKD7KHIRXU

mountains north-west of Sanaa. There, the

In the Haraz Mountains 90 km to the west

DQGYHVWRUH\VWRQHKRXVHVRI+DMMDUDFDQ

distances between villages are short, a few

of Sanaa stands the proud mountain village

already be spotted in the distance.

hours on foot at most, plenty of picturesque

of Manakha, at an altitude of 2200 metres.

The village, dating to the 12th century AD,

and stupendous views, fascinating landscape,

Manakha is an excellent base for trekking.

VHUYHGDVDQLPSRUWDQWIRUWLFDWLRQGXULQJWKH

open-minded and helpful people.

Small villages and hamlets lie scattered

Turkish occupations of Yemen.

The highlands of the Yemen are surely one of

everywhere between the terraces that extend

The Ismaili villages with their decorated

the greatest undiscovered trekking regions in

across the steepest slopes. Many visitors

houses provide a wonderful area for

the world. The very idea of trekking in Arabia

have suggested that the majestic spirit of the

trekking; Hutaib, the most important place of

seems strange to many people, but on seeing

mountains can be felt more intensely in Haraz

pilgrimage for members of the small sect, lies

photographs they can understand the attraction.

Mountains than anywhere else in Yemen.

RQO\DERXWYHNPGRZQKLOOVRXWKHDVWIURP

Areas best for Trekking :

7KH+DUD]UHJLRQLVIXOORIROGIRUWLHG

Manakha. the roads, tracks and footpaths

14

4- The Empty Quarter

Climate:

This area consists of desert plains

Since Yemen is endowed with a

covered with gravel, sand and sandy

varied topography, the climate, in

dunes, Evolving in some parts desert

general, also varies, although there

plants and vast oases that were formed

are no major seasonal differences. We

due to the collection of the seasonal

can say there are two long seasons:

water. The wandering nomads because

summer and winter during summer,

of its pastoral land inhabit it.

the temperature and humidity are high

5- The Yemeni Islands

in the coastal areas, while the climate

This part of the country consists of islands

is moderate during winter. From

scattered along the coast of Yemen.

time to time the rainfall, due to the

There are 120 islands, most of which are

monsoon, moderates the temperature

located in the Red Sea. The biggest islands

over the coastal areas in summer.

are Kamaran, Greater Hannish, Minor

In the mountain areas, the weather

Hannish, and the rest of Archipelago,

is moderate in summer and cold in

Zaqar, Zubair, AL-Tayr and the strategic

winter during the night and in the early

island of Meon at the Bab Al-Mandeb. In

morning, but the bright sunrays raise

addition there are islands located in the

the temperature during the day making

Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea, the

the weather very moderate in these

largest of which is Soqotra.

parts of the country.

13

12

Geographical divisions:

$OERXQDWODQG$TZDW+DGKUDPRXWEHGDQG6LDLWKEHGLQ0DKDUD
The most prominent mountains in these heights are the mountains
RI$WWDT%D\KDQ0XNDLUDV$O'KDOLH<DH6DEUD+DGKRXU
Alsheikh, Miswar and Prophet Shuaib which at 3766m above sea

In view of its topographical structure, the Republic of Yemen is

level is the highest mountain in Arabia.

GLYLGHGLQWRYHUHJLRQV

2- The Highland region


This area lies to the east and north of the mountainous heights going

1- Mountain region with heights ranging between 1000-3666m.


High.

in parallel to the heights towards the Empty Quarter. The maximum

The western mountain range represents a large area of the country.

represented by the highlands in Sanaa, Al-Jouf, Shabwa, Hadhramout

It is the range called Al-Sarat Mountains stretching longitudinally

and Mahara. The out- skirts of this area in the north overlap with the

from the north to the south and transversally from the west to the

Empty Quarter.

east, which resembles the letter L. These heights go down in

3- The Coastal Area

different directions. They descend sharply westwards to the Red Sea,

This area includes the coastal plains overlooking the Red Sea, Gulf

southwards to the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea, and eastwards

of Aden and Arabian Sea. They are connected to each other forming

and northwards to the interior desert areas. In the mountain heights,

a coastal strip that extends from the Oman border south- westward to

stretching from the north to the south, there are a number of basins

Bab Al-Mandab. This strip then changes its direction northward to the

(beds), of considerable agricultural importance with large populations,

borders of Saudi Arabia, thus making it more than 2400km. long. The

VXFKDV6DQDDEDVLQ<DULPEDVLQ-DKUDQDWODQG6DGDDWODQG

width of the plains ranges from 30 to 60 km.

height of this area is 1000m gradually descending. Such area is

11

Profile:
Time zone: G.M.T.+3hrs.

Economy:
Yemen has adopted an economic policy based on
free economy. The market mechanism encourages
the private sector giving it a major role in the
development of the countrys economy. The
economic policy ensures private ownership, which
can not be forfeited except for public interest and
then with fair compensation. The investment law
has created many investments opportunities and
provided incentive to local and foreign investment
in all aspects of the economy.

Currency:
It is Yemeni Rail (YR) and visitors can exchange
currencies in banks and in exchange establishments.
Religion:
,VODPLVWKHRIFLDOUHOLJLRQ7KHUHLVD-HZLVK
minority, too.

Population:
23,013,376 (July 2008 est.)
Language: Arabic

Area:
The total area o f Yemen is approximately 555,000
km2, excluding Al Rub al-Khali (The Empty
Quarter Desert).

10

Yemen ..
Profile, Trekking, Hiking and See

Editorial
It has always been a great pleasure to have you as guests on Yemen Airways.
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really enjoy every minute at your service. We are also honored to have you on
board and feel proud to have well-established and lasting relationships with
you - our dear customers.
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Captain:Ahmed Masoud Al-Alwani
Chairman

Masters at Air
Dear passengers,
From the beginning of the previous century when Yemenis
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their competence and eligibility for the respectable reputation
they have earned and deserved to be considered the masters at
air. They shall continue to hold such a title and shall never
abandon the success, gains and their wonderful achievements.
That is why, as soon as the wheel of change started rolling in
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aiming to achieve broad reform, the advancement of services
and the improvement of the overall performance at every level
and in all aspects.
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to deliver targets and accomplishments as planned and great
progress has been achieved till this moment in different areas.
That is proven by Yemenia continuing to render outstanding
services to its clients and the companys success in overcoming
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new advances of the airline industry and the modernization of
travel services. That is, in addition to an absolute commitment
to applying the highest standards of safety and security to ensure
that passenger safety, welfare, and comfort is consistently
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that high performance levels will continue and more achievements
shall follow through the collective efforts of Yemenias wonderful
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We, at Yemenia, are reaching to you, our delightful clients
and admirers, expecting more of your wonderful support and
understanding. Your passion is the fuel that has contributed
effectively to the companys progress and development, and it
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products and services for our valuable customers to ensure
their comfort and satisfaction, whilst continuing our efforts of
engineering and creating a brighter and a more prosperous
future for a national airline that we are proud of; and to what
maintains Yemenis stature as the masters at air.

Dear Clients,
Heartbeat by heartbeat, hand by hand, Yemenis will build their
FRXQWU\DQGVKDOORYHUFRPHDOOGLIFXOWLHVWKDWPLJKWFRPHLQ
their way. We will never allow any challenges to delimit our
dreams and aspirations and shall always lead the way towards
safe havens for Yemen and Yemenia, by Gods will.
)URPDOORIXVDW<HPHQ$LUZD\VWKDQN\RXIRU\LQJZLWKXV
WRGD\ :H KRSH \RX HQMR\ \RXU LJKW DQG ZH ORRN IRUZDUG WR
VHHLQJ\RXDJDLQVRRQRQDQRWKHULJKW

CONTENTS
CHAIRMAN
Captain:
Ahmed Masoud Al-Alwani
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Khalid Al-Kainaey
ENGLISH SECTION
EDITOR
Mohamed M Alabsi
PROOF READER
Shams-Aldeen
PHOTOGRAPHERS
A.Rahman Ghabri
Mohammed S. Noman
Abdulwali Attawqi
Zeryab Ghabri
Found Alharazy
Ameen Alghabri
Mokrid M. Mokrid

Issue
Issue Number
Number 45
42 March
April - - June
May 2013
2012

ADVERTISING MANAGER
Nabil A. Al-samaei
Mobil: 00967 733211143
Mobil: 00967 771718282
Mobil: 00967 734555083
HEAD OFFICE
General Management
Sanaa - Yemen
P.O.Box: 1183
Telfax: 00967 1 258015
Tel: 00967 1 232380/ 7, Ext. 117-118
DESINGED BY
BIN DASMAL ADVERTISING
RAED EZZAT M.
Tel: 00971 4 2828569
Fax: 00971 4 2828372
PRINTED BY BIN DASMAL
Dubai, U.A.E

Yemen ..
Prole, Trekking, Hiking and See

All correspondences to be
Mailed to Editor-in-chief
yemeniamag@yemenia.com

Yemen Mocha Coffee:


A Call for the Protection of a National Asset

24

Decoration..
the Main Art of Islamic Civilization

20

Yemen ..
Profile, Trekking,
Hiking and See
Yemen Mocha Coffee:
A Call for the Protection
of a National Asset

Decoration..
the
the Main
Main Art
Art of
of Islamic
Islamic
Civilization
Civilization

cover yyy eng 42.indd 1

4/19/12 4:41 PM

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