PHNG TRNH NG THNG I. Mt s kin thc c bn cn nm vng 1.

Cc dng phng trnh ng thng * Phng trnh tham s:

x = x0 + u1t y = y0 + u2t

* Phng trnh tng qut: ax + by + c = 0. 2. Mi lin h gia cc yu t ca ng thng - Nu ng thng d c vect php tuyn n = (a; b) th s c vect ch phng r u = (b; a ) v ngc li.
2 - Nu ng thng d c vect ch phng u = (u1 ; u2 ) th s c h s gc k = u .

r - Nu ng thng d c h s gc k th c mt vect ch phng u = (1; k ) .

- Hai ng thng song song th c cng vect ch phng v vect php tuyn. - Nu d th nhn vect ch phng ca d lm vect php tuyn v ngc li. - Nu M d c phng trnh: y = y + u t th M c to l M( x0 + u1t; y0 + u2 t ). 0 2 - Nu M d c phng trnh: ax + by + c = 0 th M c to l M( x0 ;
c ax0 ). b x = x0 + u1t

II. Mt s dng bi tp thng gp 1. Vit phng trnh tham s, phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng Bi 1. Lp phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng d bit: a) d i qua A(2; 3) v c vect ch phng u = (7; 2) . b) d i qua B(4; -3) v c vect php tuyn n = (7;3) . c) d i qua C(-2; 5) v song song vi ng thng d: 4x - 5y +10 = 0. d) d i qua im D(-5; 3) v vung gc vi ng thng d: Bi 2. Lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng bit: a) i qua im M(2; 5) v song song vi ng thng d: y = 4 + 5t . b) i qua N(3; 4) v vung gc vi ng thng d: 4x - 7y + 3 = 0. c) i qua P(2; -5) v c h s gc k = 11. d) i qua hai im E(-3; 3) v F(6; -1). Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC c A(-2; 1), B(2; 3) v C(1; -5). a) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC ca tam gic. b) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha ng cao AH ca tam gic.
x = 1 3t x = 1 2t . y = 4 + 9t r r

c) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha ng trung tuyn AM. d) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha ng trung trc ca cnh BC. e) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha ng phn gic trong gc A ca ABC. Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC bit A(1; 4), B(3; -1) v C(6; -2). a) Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cc cnh ca tam gic. b) Lp phng trnh ng cao AH v trung tuyn AM. Bi 5. Cho tam gic ABC c A(-4; 5), B(6; -1), C(-1; 1). a) Vit phng trnh cc ng cao ca tam gic . b) Vit phng trnh cc ng trung tuyn ca tam gic . c) vit phng trnh ng trung trc cnh BC. Bi 6. Bit hai cnh ca mt hnh bnh hnh c phng trnh x + 3y = 0 v 2x - 5y + 6 = 0, mt nh ca hnh bnh hnh l C(4; 1). Vit phng trnh cc cnh cn li ca hnh bnh hnh. 2. Mt s bi ton v gii tam gic. Bi 1. Cho tam gic ABC c B(-4; -3), hai ng cao c phng trnh l 5x + 3y + 4 = 0 v 3x + 8y + 13 = 0. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic. Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC c B(2; -7), phng trnh ng cao qua A l 3x + y + 11 = 0, phng trnh trung tuyn v t C l x + 2y + 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC. Bi 3. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy chho tam gic ABC vi M(-2; 2) l trung im ca BC, cnh AB c phng trnh x - 2y - 2 = 0, cnh AC c phng trnh 2x + 5y + 3 = 0. Xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic ABC. Bi 4. Phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic trong mt phng to l 5x - 2y + 6 = 0 v 4x + 7y - 21 = 0. Vit phng trnh cnh th ba ca tam gic bit trc tm tam gic trng vi gc to . Bi 5. Trong mt phng to cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(-2; -1) v cc cnh AB: 4x + y + 15 = 0 v AC: 2x + 5y + 3 = 0. a) Tm to nh A v to trung im M ca BC. b) Tm to nh B v vit phng trnh ng thng BC. Bi 6. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit A(1; 3) v hai ng trung tuyn c phng trnh x - 2y + 1= 0 v y - 1= 0. Bi 7. Cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 2) v hai ng cao ln lt c phng trnh 9x - 3y - 4 = 0; x + y - 2 = 0. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC. (Bo THTT - 10-2007). Bi 8. Cho tam gic ABC c A(2; -1) v cc ng phn gic trong gc B v C ln lt c phng trnh: x - 2y + 1= 0 ; x + y + 3 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng BC. (Bo THTT - 10 -07)

Bi 9. Xc nh to nh B ca tam gic ABC bit C(4; 3) v ng phn gic trong, trung tuyn k t A ln lt c phng trnh x + 2y - 5 = 0 v 4x + 13y - 10 = 0.(Bo THTT - 10 -07) Bi 10. Cho tam gic ABC c A(-1; 3), ng cao BH nm trn ng thng y = x, phn gic trong gc C nm trn ng thng x + 3y + 2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.(Bo THTT - 10 -07) Bi 11. Cho tam gic ABC c A(-2; 1) v cc ng cao c phng trnh 2x - y + 1 = 0; 3x + y + 2= 0. Vit phng trnh ng trung tuyn qua nh A ca tam gic.(Bo THTT - 10 -07)