The one-line diagram of a three-phase power system is shown: Use a common base of 100 MVA and 22 kV at the generator

o Draw an impedance diagram with all impedances marked in per-unit o The manufacturers data for each apparatus is given as follows: G: 90 MVA 22 kV 18% T1: 50 MVA 22/220 kV 10% L1: 48.4 ohms T2: 40 MVA 220/11 kV 6% T3: 40 MVA 22/110 kV 6.4% L2: 65.43 ohms T4: 40 MVA 110/11 kV 8% M: 66.5 MVA 10.45 kV 18.5% Ld: 57 MVA 10.45 kV 0.6 pf lag

Solution: First, the voltage bases must be determined for all sections of the network. The generator rates voltage is given as the base voltage at bus 1. This fixes the voltage bases for the remaining buses in accordance to the transformer turns ratios. The base voltage on the LV side of T1 is 22 kV. Hence, the base on its HV side is ( This fixes the base on the HV side of T2 at ( Similarly, the voltage base at buses 5 and 6 are ( Per unit impedances on a 100 MVA base are: G: T1: T2: T3: ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) and on its LV side at )

T4:

The motor reactance is expressed on its nameplate rating of 66.5 MVA, and 10.45 kV. However, the base voltage at bus 4 for the motor is 11 kV, therefore M: ( )( )

Impedance bases for lines 1 and 2 are

( ( ) )

Line 1 and Line 2 per unit reactances are

The load apparent power at

power factor lagging is given by

( )

MVA

Hence, the load impedance in ohms is (

(

)
)

The base impedance for the load is ( Therefore, the load impedance in per unit is
( )

The per unit equivalent circuit is shown in the figure: