Professional Documents
Culture Documents
G Y Mh .O
(hCG jJ)HcCG
S dG G H dG h dG :khCG
dG HdGh
h M dG dG CG Y cj N K j
f g ,NCG dG f N HdG fOH
dP jh . LQOh TCH Authoritarian J
NdG QKBGh dG X Cf LCG N f CG
dh keY IG EG Jfh Yh fEG T Y
dG Y kHM j dG a .a SdG EG
dG jM e ej e Y fG e h
jOMCG G jh ,ae H QNGh
hCG QSd kY hCG kFN G G d VQG NB G
Y Gk eBeh d Gk hYh ,LQN L CG hCG djeEG
.eCG
,cGJ dG dG e b f
aGN zaK{ fE j
,HdG J YTGE h
f fCG ,Y dG f eh
,fOH aGd edG IQdG
dG Y IQb bCG d EGh
G g e YU H
J EG IY HY OH dG G Y bh
VQG hCG ,G AGQBG b eGSGh IeGDG Ia
K a jd g G jdhCG CG Q T
.FGSEG MG dG iNCG G VGQCG OGOS
G e YLG dG Y e f SG GPEGh
jJ dG KCG H bY J CG Rj ,dG
Logicalization ze{ jWh d VG dG
2005
(hCG jJ)HcCG
Q```````````````````aCGh AGQBG
10
,JGe f ah jNBdh d Jh be
.de M hCG bG Gg fY ie M dh
hG HdG QG id OGSG N dP SCG bh
QcEGh H ddG K ,IeGDG Ia d dG jM e
c dG Yh eeGC cGJ eY dGE AdG e
Y G Mh FGSEG V GdG e Gk AH ,
G KGC H b dG a . H hCG d Y U a
CG EG f GPEG M ,J SdG aGGh dG
SGh f Y zJ T{ fCG bdG g
zdG dG{ e C ,HdG QG ShCG
.YLG dG Y
2005
(hCG jJ)HcCG
11
f dG LJ C ,gG g QhO HY M f
- GMCG M kc hCG kFL - dhDG e j QG
.fOH VhCG dEG dBG Y
g Oj dG GG dG YJh jJ EG dP iOCGh
eBJ fT LQN ib GeGDe EG VhCG
,kS QUh .jg eJ EG Jh aVE Jh Y
M Jf N hCG C N CG J ,QeCG SCG e H
.. c LQG IeGDG e Y HTh fOH
.VjdG EG SdG e
eY 2004 dG ,ke ,e M e Gk H dh
(dG Id dG SCc) jfe H RdG a
GbG MGh U Y G NCG H ,2010
dG Id dG Od jdG dG LCG dG
.kJU 24 J dGh zdG{
dG jdG jgL ANCG H e N d
dG dG G Gg aSG Y ad kS JG
Se d ajh ,dG b G dhdG j
ANCG OGJ Gg dh .U e cCG Y Ic
LhCGh ,z 2010 jfe{ e Y FdG JQG dG
YJ Y Y dG edG SdG jgG QdG
.Vb H ,VCG dG Y H ,aG e Ua
IQG CH jG e dG bCG EG j dP eh
Oah Vh Sh eM ANCG EG OJ
X fCG H QOdG dG EG j .G Y FdG
Oj IA dG jOhh dG b Z
,O dG e bC Gh G Z O dG CG ,z c j G{
.dG Gg e jb ae VN j
V M GeGDe Y dH dCG a ,ddG IdG eCG
zdG{ FQ JGh , jaGE L h e
CG iYH ,jdG eS dG Y ka ,eBdH
,ihTQ Y M jdG dG AYCG hdG H
iOCG Ggh .eBdG GG dG fCG dP Zh
M bJ MH e Ve M EG FGdGh dG cGJ
,aGG J JH fCG M EG eCG hQ HUCG
.NBG CG e cCG ,kGj SdG aGGh
dG SdG aGG e :k dK
HdG
Ga ,Ve dM fC H SdG aGG f eY
e f CG hCG g EG OJh b J b fGC j
H OJ JHh ka G bJ bh .aY fh
2005
(hCG jJ)HcCG
aGG Qf a j
dG Th ,HdG SdG
IeGDe Y j dG eBdG
dG dM HH EG ,GMCG AGQh
jNCG S dH ,G
dGh dG hdG ,g
HdG Y cGG
M ,bCG Y H hCG ,HdG fOH EG Fb j bh
g G dh .U b Ggh .G H M
j a .O kec kM j e kjCG CG
Jhe LQH M EGh ,FG Fe H kc dG
FG Fe H kec kM f dh .AT c
c b M c d Qh .fQeCG e MGh eCG
ae hCG Y hCG J hCG IQ hCG YGQR hCG YU IMGh
EG dH dG Q dG Uh ,VjQ M hCG a hCG
fe YVeh ff M LhCG dG i G
MEGh dH QdG JS gCG e ,HdG J
.dG Gah Gh
NGC dG bdG J dG g fGh
Y QT EG iOCG f Y dG dG AGOCG ie
HJ ib V ,QG f e c AL G ASH
V jd Sh e Jh Gk N d jJ h H
eb jah SS gG SCGh .Jh fYh
e Y ,G Gg dG ASG LJ dUCGh
V eY J N EG jJ H JG G
SGh .dG hCG djeEG hCG QSGh fdG
Q```````````````````aCGh AGQBG
12
a . dhG OG e ZdG Y Gk H j
bO J Y J fC d ,IUb dGRe OG
Gk e d jG C dh ,AGhd S Uhh Vd
jdG A WC G h a j e Gk c H ,Y d
kfMCG j H ,kGN H hjj fCH jh fj
dG e UCG a .QG AGYCd AY fCH
AGH kHe hCG dG aj k W jG j e Y
.e j e Lh jh jh j Y
C j ,TG dG Y J dG G g e h
kUN jH G dG J dh EG AWCG
dGh .bJ EG jODeh Vd e J eY
aGG AGH G H dG je M , G
.cGG dGh dG G g ,SdG
Gh ,SdGh G j
,HdG dG keY SdH
,iNCG e CG fGbCG Y
SdG aGG QfG M e
GdH dhh WShCG
kUNh ,GQdGh GMCd aGG
e AGQh IeGDe iJ dG J
dGh bEG GMCG
e kjQJ J Qj WGbdG EG da
adG QfG KGC VJ S dG dG hdG
CG c .kUN SdG aGGh keY aGG
eCG dG j ,GP hCG G Gg Ic b
ke Gk S dG a .GdG IOG dG IOSG
RdG YVG dG aJh S dG aGG eGC
Y j EG ,eBdG SS SfG CG GQOE
.HY eh VGeGC IGhGeh F NGC UEG Y
Wh ,d b dGh VGeCGh ANCG g eGOa
CG EG eeCG a ,LQN GeGDe g ff e c CG
.zdZ dG{ : f
hX aJ eY EG LGdG IeGDG aGN GC J a
cJ GP :f e SCG Y HLE G M Y YJ
GP ?SGdG Y dG N hO e Y G eGDG
2005
(hCG jJ)HcCG