CHEM 472 :INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATOGRAPHY TUTORIAL AND STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Explain carefully what you understand by chromatography? 2.

Explain the following terms: Eluent, retention time, dead time, isochratic elution, gradient elution, mobile phase, stationary phase, carrier gas, Normal phase chromatography, reversed phase chromatography

3. Classify chromatography according to the mechanisms of interaction of solute with stationary phase. Give a detailed explanation of each of the mechanisms. 4. Differentiate between partition and adsorption chromatography 5. Write equations to show the formation of the octadecyl bonded stationary phase. 6. Differentiate between gel filtration and gel permeation chromatography 7. An industrial solvent was analysed for benzene, toluene and xylene by gas

chromatography. The following peaks were located from the chromatogram: air peak = 40s; benzene = 255s; toluene = 310s; xylene = 550s. Calculate : i. the adjusted retention times for the solutes, ii. capacity factors for each of the solutes, iii. selectivity factor for toluene and xylene on the column.

8. When would you describe a fluid as supercritical? 9. Explain the principle of ion-exchange chromatography. What are some of the factors that determine the separation? 10. Enumerate and explain some of the interactions between solutes and stationary phases 11. What do the following acronyms stand for: GC, HPLC, LC, GLC, SFC, SEC, IC,