Composite Construction

Introduction to composite
construction of buildings
General
2

Steel and concrete

These two materials complete one
another:
◆ Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in
tension
◆ Concrete encasement restrain steel against
buckling

◆ Protection against corrosion and fire

◆ Steel bring ductility into the structure

General
3

Aspects for using composite

structures:
◆ Architectural
◆ Economical
◆ Functionality
◆ Service and Flexibility
◆ Assembly
Aspects for using composite
structures 4

Architectural:
◆ Longer spans
◆ Thinner slabs
◆ More slender column
◆ More generous opportunities for
design
Aspects for using composite
structures 5

Economical:
◆ Reduction of height reduces the total of
the building --> saving area of cladding
◆ Longer spans with the same height
--> column free rooms
◆ Additional storeys with the same
total height of building
◆ Quicker time of erection:
➙ Saving costs, earlier completion of the building

➙ Lower financing costs

➙ Ready for use earlier thus increasing
rental income
Aspects for using composite
structures 6

Functionality:
◆ Fire protection by using principles of reinforced
concrete in which the concrete protects the steel
Aspects for using composite
structures 7

Service and building flexibility:

◆ Adaptable structures
➙ Modification during the life of the building

➙ Modify services without violating the privacy of

other occupants
➙ Accommodation of service facilities
in the ceiling
within a false floor
in a coffer box running along the walls
Aspects for using composite
structures 8

Assembly:
◆ Working platforms of steel decking
◆ Permanent shuttering
◆ Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings
◆ Speed and simplicity of construction
◆ Quality controlled products ensure greater accuracy
 Construction methods
9

Traditionally two counteracting methods of

construction could be observed both connected with
special advantages but also disadvantages worth
mentioning.
◆ Conventional concrete ◆ Construction in steel
construction method
+ freedom of form and + high ratio between bearing
shapes capacity and weight
+ easy to handle + prefabrication

+ thermal resistance + high accuracy

- time-consuming shuttering - low fire resistance

- sensitive on tensile forces - need of higher educated

personal
 Construction methods
10

◆ Composite Construction

comparing these two methods a combination of both

presents the most economic way

+ higher bearing capacity

+ higher stiffness

+ plastic redistribution
Construction elements
11

composite slab

composite beam
composite column floor = beam + slab
 Construction elements
12

Composite slabs

◆ Reinforced concrete slab

in-situ concrete on shuttering partially prefabricated slabs fully prefabricated slabs

Construction elements
13

Slabs

◆ Pre-stressed concrete slabs

Construction elements
14

Slabs
◆ Profile steel sheeting
Interlock between steel and concrete

mechanical
frictional

end anchorage
Construction elements
15

Beams
◆ Conventional and innovative
composite beams
Construction elements
16

Beams
◆ Types of shear connectors
Construction elements
17

Columns
◆ Examples of composite columns
Construction elements
18

Joints
◆ Example of vertical shear transfer
between beam and column
bracket for the lower flange
reinforcement removed after concreting

weld seam contact piece

bracket with shear connectors

shot-fired nails
Examples
19

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

◆ 55 storeys
◆ Total height 202 m
◆ Total ground floor 38000 m2
◆ Capital expenditure about 145 million Euro
◆ Time of erection: 8 months
Examples
20

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

42,342,3
m m

33,05 m

Concrete slab
Concrete core

Composite Slim floor beams

Composite frame
Composite columns
Examples
21

Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)

Total time of erection: 8 month

max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!
Examples
22

Citibank Duisburg (Duisburg - Germany)

◆ 15 storeys
◆ Total height 72 m
◆ Total ground floor 14500 m2
Examples
23

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

◆ 4 storeys
◆ Ground dimensions 60 x 30 m
◆ Max. span length 10.58 m with
26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)
Examples
24

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys

Assembly of prefabricated concrete slabs
Examples
25

Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)

200
260
60

Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slab

-200 mm concrete slab
-60 mm prefabricated concrete elements
-steel beam: web 165/20 mm
flange 245/40 mm
-headed studs: 22 mm
Concluding summary
26

Composite construction is popular

for buildings because of following
aspects:
● Economy
● Architecture
● Functionality
● Service and building flexibility
● Assembly