Agriculture 1. The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is A.

whether the product is consumed on the farm (subsistence) or off the farm (commercial) B. whether crops are grown or animals are raised C. the location of the first agricultural areas D. the population density of the crop producing region E. the types of crops which are raised 2. Hunting and gathering societies A. employ about 15% of the worlds population B. are still found in a few isolated places in the world C. are characterized by large concentrations of people D. occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe E. no longer exist 3. Which of the following areas was NOT an early hearth for vegetative planting/seed agriculture? A. Southeast Asia B. Sub-Saharan Africa C. Ethiopia D. northwest India E. northeast China 4. The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is A. sawah B. seed agriculture C. subsistence agriculture D. potash E. vegetative planting 5. Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of A. characteristics of the physical environment B. limited knowledge of alternative C. distinctive cultural traits D. different climates E. all of the above 6. Which of the following is NOT a form of commercial agriculture? A. Mediterranean B. livestock ranching C. pastoral nomadism D. plantation agriculture E. all of the above are forms of commercial agriculture 7. Which type of agriculture is found primarily in developing countries? A. Mediterranean B. plantation C. truck farming D. livestock ranching E. milkshed dairying 8. Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region? A. tropical B. dry C. warm temperate D. undifferentiated highlands E. polar

9. Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the worlds people ? A. dairying B. intensive subsistence C. plantation D. shifting cultivation E. Mediterranean 10. Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture criticized for ALL BUT WHICH of the following reasons? A. It destroys natural resources such as forests B. It causes the soil to be depleted of nutrients C. It upsets the ecology through erosion and depletion caused by use of fertilizers D. It consumes a lot of land to feed a small number of people E. It is criticized for all of these reasons

11. The largest number of farmers in Asia practice A. hunting and gathering B. intensive subsistence C. pastoral nomadism D. shifting cultivation E. commercial grain farming 12. Most of Asian agriculture is characterized by all BUT WHICH of the following? A. mechanical equipment and draft animals B. available funds C. sufficient labor D. suitable land E. marketable crop choices 13. Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in much of Asia? A. harvesting with a plow drawn by animals B. flooding the plowed land with rain water C. flattening hill land through terracing D. transplanting seedlings grown in nurseries E. double-cropping in places with warm winters F. All of the above 14. The most important reason why most people in North China grow crops other than wet rice is A. cultural preference B. tradition C. climate D. lack of swidden E. government subsidies 15. Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in what climate region? A. tropical B. dry C. warm temperate D. humid low-latitude E. humid high latitudes 16. Pastoral nomads are distinguished from other forms of subsistence farmers by ALL BUT WHICH of the following? A. They consume animals rather than grain B. They obtain grain through trade C. They occupy dry lands D. They are migratory E. All of the above characterize pastoral nomadism

17. The seasonal migration of animals between lowland pastures and mountains is A. transhumance B. shifting cultivation C. pastoral nomadism D. oasis herding E. all of the above 18. During the 20th Century, all BUT WHICH of the following have risen in more developed countries? A. reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides B. percentage of population engaged in agriculture C. revenues in dairy farming D. use of cross-bred and genetically modified seeds E. B and C 19. Which of the following facts is TRUE regarding farming in America today? A. Many farms are owned by corporations B. Mechanization is necessary due to the size of the farms C. The government plays a large role in farming D. Farming is expensive and farmers suffer economic hardships E. All of the above are true 20. In the U.S. many farmers are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as A. agribusiness B. commercial farming C. food processing D. conglomerative agriculture E. mechanized farming

21. In general, the farther the dairy farm is located from a large urban area, the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because A. land costs are lower farther from the urban area B. milk is more perishable than butter or cheese C. transport costs are greater farther from the urban area D. the quality of soil is lower nearer an urban area E. all of the above 22. The United States, Canada, China, Argentina, India and Australia are five large-scale producers, for consumption, of A. commercial grain B. corn C. livestock D. milk products E. fruits and vegetables 23. Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture? A. dairying B. grain C. pastoral nomadism D. shifting cultivation E. Mediterranean

24. A. C. E.

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates share similar climate B. cultural beliefs levels of economic development D. social customs languages and religions

25. Which of the following is least likely to be produced commercially in Mediterranean agriculture? A. butter B. fruits C. grapes D. olives E. wheat 26. Farmers in relatively developed and developing countries share which of the following problems? A. access to fertilizers B. inadequate income C. lack of equipment D. surplus production E. access to markets 27. The long-lot system of agricultural allocation and survey was developed primarily because of A. collective land ownership B. common grazing land C. inheritance laws D. need for access to a river E. safety and defense 28. The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britains Enclosure Movement was to A. encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern B. reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern C. stimulate suburbanization D. decrease agricultural productivity E. all of the above 29. The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to A. destroy traditional family life B. promote agricultural efficiency C. replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads D. stimulate urbanization E. organize farmers into cooperatives 30. Dispersed rural settlements were most common in which region of 19th Century America? A. Middle Atlantic B. Southeast C. Mississippi Valley D. New England E. Midwest

31. The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America? A. Middle Atlantic B. West C. Mississippi Valley D. New England E. Midwest

32. Desertification is the A. expansion of desert-like conditions caused by human actions B. increase in productivity of agriculture in desert regions C. invention and diffusion of irrigation practices D. rise in groundwater level due to inadequate drainage E. lowering of reliance on irrigation agriculture

33. One of the major causes of desertification is A. insufficient crop planting B. tree planting C. rapid population growth in semi-arid regions D. reduction in animal grazing E. rise in the use of fertilizers 34. Which of the following is NOT a major grain exporter? A. Russia B. USA C. Canada D. Australia E. Argentina 35. US agricultural policies include A. encouraging farmers NOT to grow certain crops which are in excess supply B. paying farmers subsidies when commodity prices are low C. buying surplus agricultural products from farmers to donate to LDCs D. None of the above E. A, B, C 36. The practice of specialty farming of expensive crops (such as mushrooms , asparagus, and nursery plants) with somewhat of a limited demand is growing in what US region? A. Midwest B. Southwest C. Southeast D. West E. New England 37. During the so-called range wars in which cattle ranching on the Great Plains was converted to farming and feed-lots, what was the farmers most potent weapon? A. barbed wire B. U.S. law C. posse D. guns E. organized unions 38. Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the type of crop which is grown on a farm? A. climate B. cultural food taboos C. distance to the market D. level of development of the country E. proximity to international border 39. Corn (maize) was first domesticated in A. the Tibetan Plateau B. Central America into Mexico C. the Canadian Prairie into northeast U.S. D. Central Australia E. Northern Argentina

40. Green Revolution technology has resulted in which of the following in modern agriculture? A. The development of high-yield grains and the expansion of cultivated areas B. The construction of new irrigation systems and a reduction in the use of fertilizers C. An increase in the circulation of investment capital to help the poorest farmers D. The loss of prime agricultural land and smaller yields from grain crops E. The end of famine in the world 41. The modern definition of agriculture includes A. animal husbandry and shifting cultivation B. vegetative and seed planting C. multiple hearths of origin D. the deliberate domestication of plants and animals E. none of the above 42. A world map of hog production per capita would reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions? A. The U.S. Midwest B. Southeast Asia C. Western Europe D. the Middle East E. China 43. Which of the following includes the worlds earliest centers of plant domestication? A. British Isles, Scandinavia, U.S. B. Northeast Asia, Eastern Europe, South Africa C. Australia, New Zealand, China D. Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle East E. Russia, China, Latin America 44. Which of the following is most likely to be found in the outermost zone of von Thunens Model of Agricultural Land Use? A. mixed farming B. subsistence farming C. specialty farming D. dairying and market gardening E. extensive grain or livestock grazing 45. Grain raised in the U.S. is used today primarily as A. human food B. a source of fuel C. livestock feed D. an export to foreign countries E. raw materials for various industries 46. The Green Revolution refers to A. the environmental politics of Greenpeace B. hybrid crops introduced to promote agricultural development C. a fundamentalist Islamic political movement D. efforts to provide open space and parks around industrial cities E. the development of garden cities 47. A New World domesticate widely adopted by African farmers without the assistance of agricultural extension services was A. wheat B. corn (maize) C. coffee D. the rabbit E. the camel

48. The shaded areas on the map to the left illustrate the distribution of A. cattle B. cotton C. hogs D. tobacco E. corn (maize)

49. The picture to the right reflects which of the following settlement types? A. French Long-lots B. Enclosure Movement C. Township D. Kraal E. Plantation

#1

#2

50. The pictures above reflect which types of survey patterns? A. #1 = Metes and Bounds; #2 = Spanish Land Grants B. #1 = Township and Range; # 2 = French Long-Lots C. # 1 = Spanish Land Grants; # 2 = French Long-Lots D. #1= Township and Range; #2 = Metes and Bounds E. #1 = Metes and Bounds; #2 = Township and Range

51. The Boserup Thesis considers a change in land use among shifting cultivators that could be described as intensification. Which of the following is NOT true about the Boserup Theory? A. There is a movement from forest fallow to multicropping B. There is a shift from intensive subsistence farming to commercial farming C. There is a shift from shifting cultivation to intensive subsistence farming D. Over the course of the phases, land is left fallow for shorter periods E. In the bush fallow phase, fields are left fallow longer than in the annual cropping phase 52. What type of diffusion is most closely associated with the Columbian Exchange (look this up)? A. Stimulus diffusion B. Expansion diffusion C. Relocation diffusion D. Hierarchical diffusion E. Contagious diffusion 53. The most practiced economic activity in the world is A. commercial agriculture B. manufacturing C. providing a service D. extensive subsistence agriculture E. intensive subsistence agriculture

54. Strategies used to increase the supply of food for a country could include A. putting more land into production B. increasing the yield of land under cultivation C. identifying new food sources D. increasing food imports E. all of the above 55. The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is A. 2-5% B. 5-7% C. 7-9% D. 10-12% E. 13-15% 56. All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except A. pastoral nomadism B. truck farming C, shifting cultivation D. swidden agriculture E.intensive rice farming 57. According to Carl Sauer, what best characterizes the invention of plant domestication? A. The process was gradual B. A number of independent hearths were established C. Hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity D. All of the above E. None of the above 58. All of the following were vegetative planting (root crop) hearths EXCEPT A. West Africa B. Southeast Asia C. Southwest Asia D. Peruvian Highlands E. All of the above