Project Name

Measures of Central
Tendency And Dispersion

Measures Of
Central Tendency



.
*

*

 .
.
.
.
.
.
.

Measures Of
Of Central
Central Tendency
Tendency
Measures

Mode
Mode

Harmonic Mean

Median
Median

Geometric Mean

Arithmetic
Arithmetic Mean
Mean

Arithmetic Mean

: -:
) (x x1 , x2 , , xn ) (n

-:

x
=
n

x1 + x 2 + ... + x n
n


1 6 4 2
2 + 4 + 6 +1
= X
= 3.25

4


X1+a ,X2+a , ,Xn+a:-

x
= x
+ a
n

3572

3+5+7+2
= x
= 4.25 = 3.25 + 1
4

x
* b
n
X1*b ,X2*b , ,Xn*b:-

610144

= x

6 + 10 + 14 + 4
= x
= 8.5 = 4.25 * 2
4

: -:

.

.
= +
2

. .

 X1, X2, ,Xn

F1,F2,,Fn

FX
=x
F

-:
55 - 45 - 35 - 25 - 15 - 5
200
40
50
60
20
30



)(X
)(F
5 15 25 3545 -

30
20
60
50
40

200 SUM

(5+15)/2 = 10
(15+25)/2 = 20
(25+35)/2 = 30
(35+45)/2 = 40
(45+55)/2 = 50

F*X
30*10=300
20*20=400
60*30=1800
50*40=2000
40*50=2000

6500

FX 6500
=X
=
= 32.5
F 200
32.5


) (

)( .

.

)(X1=X-30
)(X
)(F
5 15 25 3545 -

30
20
60
50
40

200 SUM

10
20
30
40
50

-20
-10
0
10
20

F*X1
30*-20=-600
20*-10=-200
60*0 =0
50*10 =500
40*20 =800

500

FX1
500
=X
= + 30
+ 30 = 32.5
200
F

)(

)) .

)(X2=X1/10
)(X1=X-30
)(X
)(F
5 15 25 3545 -

30
20
60
50
40

10
20
30
40
50

-2
-1
0
1
2

-20
-10
0
10
20

F*X2
30*-2=-60
20*-1=-20
60*0 =0
50*1 =50
40*2 =80

200 SUM
50
* 10 + 30 = 32.5
200

50

= FX 2 * 10 + 30
F

=X

) )

...3-2-1-
12 .

Geometric Mean

: -:
) (x x1 , x2 , , xn ) (n

-:

x1 * x 2 * ... * x n

=G

Logx
= LogG
n

24216

G = 2 * 4 * 2 * 16 = 256 = 4
Log 2 + Log 4 + Log 2 + Log16
= LogG
= 0.602
4

G=4

2 + 4 + 2 + 16 24
=X
=
=6
4
4

) )

: -:

X1, X2, ,Xn

F1,F2,,Fn

G = X1F1 * X 2F2 * ... * Xn Fn

n

) F(LogX
= LogG
F

-:

30 - 40 - 20 - 10 - 0
20
4
3
8
5

)(X
LogX
)(F
0 10 2030 -

5
8
3
4

SUM

20

(0+10)/2=5
(10+20)/2=15
(20+30)/2=25
(30+40)/2=35

0.699
1.176
1.397
1.544

F*LogX
3.495
9.408
4.191
6.176

23.27

23.27
= LogG
= 1.16
20
G = 14.58

Harmonic Mean

: -:

.
) (x x1 , x2 , , xn ) (n
-:

n
1
x

n
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
x
x
x
1
2
n

=H

10204050
4
4

G = 10 * 20 * 40 * 50 = 400000 = 25.15
4

4
H = 1 1 1 1 = .195 = 20.5
+ + +
10 20 40 50

10 + 20 + 40 + 50 120
=X
=
= 30
4
4

H
<
G
<
X
) )

: -:

X1, X2, ,Xn

F1,F2,,Fn

F
F
X

=H


100 -:

/ 17. 5- 12. 5- -7. 5 -2. 5

20 50 20

)(X
)(F
2.57.512.517.5-

20
50
20
10

100 SUM

(2.5+7.5)/2 =5
(7.5+12.5)/2 =10
(12.5+17.5)/2=15
(17.5+22.5)/2=20

1/x
0.2
0.1
0.067
0.05

100

10

F*1/x
4
5
1.34
0.5

10.84

100
=H
= 9.25 Km h
10.84

Median

: -:

) ( .
) (x x1 , x2 , , xn ) (n
) )

n
=

+1
2

n & n +1
2
2

1123456
( 3) 1 & ( 4) 2 & ( 5) 3 & ( 6) 4 & ( 112) 5
] n = 5 [ odd


112

5 +1
= Median Order
=3
2

Median = 5

13678-3-

(-3)1& (-1)2& (3)3& (6)4& (7)5& (8)6

]n = 6 [even
6
6
= Median Orders
& +1 = 3&4
2
2
3+6
Median = 2 = 4.5

: -:

F
=
2

*
) (

=
+ ) - )

:-

Mode

: -:

2342112

2
2

= Mode

34567

.

232534

: -:

) )

.
:

x = x

-:

-5
30

- 15
20

- 25
60

- 35
50

55 - 45
200
40

=
35
25

25

20

- 10 ) ) 60

35

50

 )20( = _ 10)50(

500
= 7.14
=
70
= = 7.14 + 25
32.4


70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

32.14

45-55

35-45

1
25-35

15-25

5-15

Mode

R = max min

80 , 30 , 70 , 62 , 40 , 82

= 82
= 30

R =82 30 =52

90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15

90 +99
2

= 94.5

= 40 +49
44.5 = 2

= R = 49.5 44.5 = 50

 Q


Q1
Q3

Q3 Q1

2

90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15

 Q1
n
=
10
4

39.5

39.5-49.5

40-49

f1

49.5

50-59 A 49.5-59.5

11

f2

59.5

15

59.5-69.5

60-69

26

69.5

11

69.5-79.5

70-79

37

79.5

79.5-89.5

80-89

39
40

89.5
99.5

1
0

89.5-99.5

90-99

40

L =59.5 49.5 =10


i=1

n
L

f1

f1

Q1 =A + 4
f2

40
2
=49.5 + 4

10
11 2

10 2
=49.5 +
10
11 2

Q1 = 58.39

Q1

Q1

 Q1
n
=
10
4

3n
=
30
4

Q3

39.5

39.5-49.5

40-49

f1

49.5

50-59 A 49.5-59.5

11

f2

59.5

15

59.5-69.5

60-69

26 f1

69.5

11

70-79 A 69.5-79.5

37 f 2

79.5

79.5-89.5

80-89

39
40

89.5
99.5

1
0

89.5-99.5

90-99

40

L =10

 i=3
3n
f1
=A + 4

L
f 2 f1
120
26
=69.5 + 4

10
37 26

30 26
=69.5 +

10
37 26

Q3

Q3

Q3

Q3 = 73.14

Q3 Q1
73.14 58.39
= 7. 38
=
2
2


M . D.

x1 , x2 , x
, xn

... 3 ,
x

1 n
x

i =1

= M . D.

5 ,9 ,9 ,8 ,7 ,7 ,5 ,6
xi x

56
=7
8
x

i =1

10
=1.25
8

= x

1
= M . D.
n

= M . D.

xi x

xi

1-

2-

2-

10

56




x1 , x2 , x3 , ... , x
n

fn

... ,

f3 ,
xi x

f2 ,
n

f
i =1

f1 ,

1
= M . D.
n




90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15

40-49
1
x =
50-59 n

fi

xi

44.5

9 f i xi =
i =1

f i xi
89

2630
=
65
.
75
54.5
490.5
40

xi x
21.25-

xi x
21.25

f i xi x
42.5

11.25-

11.25

101.25

60-69

15

64.5

967.5

1.25-

1.25

18.75

70-79

11

74.5

819.5

8.75

8.75

96.25

80-89

84.5

169

18.75

18.75

37.5

90-99

94.5

28.75

28.75

28.75

40

94.5
2630

n = f i = 40 M . D. = 1
i =1

i =1

325

1
f i xi x M . D. =
(325) = 8.125
40

x1 , x2 , x
, xn

... 3 ,
S
2
n

1
1
2

= S
xi
xi

n 1 i =1
n i =1

 :
5 ,6 ,7 ,9 ,8

1 n
1 n
2

=
xi
xi

n 1 i =1
n i =1

1
1
2
=
255

(
35
)

5
1
5

2
2

1
S 2 = [255
= ]245
2.5
4

2.5 = 1.581

= S

xi

64

xi
8

81

49

36

25

255

35





x2 , x3 , ... , xn

1
1

=
f x
f x
fn

... ,

i
n
i
=
1

f3 ,

f2 ,

n
1 i =1

x1 ,

f1 ,

S2




90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15


2
i

f x
i

f x
i

44.5

40-49

26732.25

490.5

54.5

50-59

62403.75

967.5

64.5

15

60-69

61052.75

819.5

74.5

11

70-79

5 .14280

169

84.5

80-89

8930.25

94.5

94.5

90-99

17736
0

2630

40

3960.5

89

S2

n
n

1
1
2

=
f i xi
f
x

i
i

n 1 i =1
n
i
=
1

1
S =
177360 401 (2630) 2
40 1
2

1
S =
[177360 172922.5]
39
2

S = 10.67


C.V .

:s

= C .V .

Q3 Q1
= C.V .
Q3 + Q1

90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15

s
= C .V .
x

S =10. 67
x =65. 75
0.167

10.67
= C .V .
65.75

Q3 Q1
= C.V .
Q3 + Q1

Q1 =58. 39
Q3 =73.14

73.14 58.39
= C.V .
73.14 + 58.39

C.V . = 0.111


Z
Z

xi x
= Zi
s

x
s

82
75
10 89
81
16

=0.7

xi x
=
s

82 75
=
10

xi x
=
s

= 0.5

89 81
=
16

Z
Z

) 3( x med
x mod

=V
=V
s

m3
V = 3
s

) f i ( xi x

1
n

= m3

) ( xi x

1
n

= m3




90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15


x = 65.75 med = 65.5 mod = 65.5

3( x med )
V=
s

3(65.75 65.5)
=
10.67

x mod
65.75 65.5
V=
=
s
10.67

s =10.67

=0.07

=0.023

=K

4
4

) f i ( xi x

1
= m4
n

) (x x
i

1
= m4
n

90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

11

15


2
i

f x
i

f x
i

3960.5

89

44.5

40-49

26732.25

490.5

54.5

50-59

62403.75

967.5

64.5

15

60-69

61052.75

819.5

74.5

11

70-79

14280. 5

169

84.5

80-89

8930.25

94.5

94.5

90-99

177360

2630

40


x x
i

(x x )

(x

x )

(x

x )

fi ( x x )

fi ( x x )

21.25-

451.56

9595.65-

203906.43

11.25-

14.06

158.175-

197.68

1.25-

1.56

1.95-

8.75

76.56

669.9

18.75

351.56

6591.75

123594.43 13183.5

247188.86

28.75

826.56

23763.6

683201.43 23763.6

683201.43

2.43
5861.43

19191.3- 407812.86
1423.57
5
29.25
7368.9

1779.12
36.45
64475.73

23671875 1404494.45

1
m3 =
n

1
m4 =
n

f i ( xi x )

f i ( xi x )

m3 =

1
(23671875) = 591796.87
40

m4 =

1
(1404494.45) = 35112.36
40

S =10. 67

m3
v= 3
s

591796.87
591796.87
v=
=
= 487.17
3
(10.67)
1214.77

m4
K= 4
s

351112.36
351112.36
K=
=
= 27.08
4
(10.67)
12961.57