Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hussein Talal 201117011 Done By: & ID NO. & Sarmad Usama 201127022
4/19/2013
Microemulsions
4/19/2013
Micro emulsions
Modern colloidal drug delivery system Micro emulsions are clear, transparent, thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil and water, stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant frequently in combination with a co-surfactant. Diameter - 5 nm-200 nm
4/19/2013
4/19/2013
4/19/2013
Micro emulsions
vs.
Macr oemulsions
4/19/2013
FEATURES DEFINITION
MACRO EMULSION Emulsions consist of roughly spherical droplets of one phase dispersed into the other
MICRO EMULSION They constantly evolve between various structures ranging from droplet like swollen micelles to bi continuous structure.
1 20 mm. Most emulsions are opaque (white) because bulk of their droplets is greater than wavelength of light and most oils have higher refractive indices than water.
4/19/2013
FEATURES
MACRO EMULSION
MICRO EMULSION
PHASES
Two
One
STABILITY
PREPARATION
SURFACTANT CONCENTRATION
4/19/2013
2-3 % Weight
6-8% by weight
PHT 312
4/19/2013
PHT 312
These are thermodynamically stable and require minimum energy for formation. Ease of manufacturing and scale-up
Improved drug solubilization and bioavailability. This system is reckoned advantageous because of its wide applications in colloidal drug delivery systems for the purpose of drug targeting and controlled release The formation of micro emulsion is reversible. They may become unstable at low or high temperature but when the temperature returns to the stability range, the micro emulsion reforms. The use of microemulsion as delivery systems can improve the efficacy of a drug, allowing the total dose to be reduced and thus minimizing side effects.
10
5.
6.
4/19/2013
2.
4/19/2013
11
4/19/2013
PHT 312
12
4/19/2013
2.
The reservoir effect of the internal phase maintains a constant driving force of drug from the external phase to the skin and prolongs absorption.
4/19/2013
14
5.
6.
4/19/2013
4/19/2013
16
Nanoemulsions
4/19/2013
17
Nanoemulsion
The term "Nanoemulsion" refers to a thermodynamically stable isotropically clear dispersion of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules.
The dispersed phase typically comprises small particles or droplets, with a size range of 5 nm-200 nm, and has very low oil/water interfacial tension. Because the droplet size is less than 25% of the wavelength of visible light, Nanoemulsions are transparent.
The Nanoemulsion is formed readily and sometimes spontaneously, generally without high-energy input.
In many cases a cosurfactant or cosolvent is used in addition to the surfactant, the oil phase and the water phase.
18
4/19/2013
4/19/2013
PHT 312
19
Types of Nanoemulsion
Three types of Nanoemulsions are most likely to be formed depending on the composition:
Oil in water Nanoemulsions wherein oil droplets are dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase Water in oil Nanoemulsions wherein water droplets are dispersed in the continuous oil phase;
Bi-continuous Nanoemulsions wherein microdomains of oil and water are interdispersed within the system.
4/19/2013
20
4/19/2013
21
7.
4/19/2013
10. Helpful in taste masking. 11. Provides protection from hydrolysis and oxidation as drug in oil phase in O/W Nanoemulsion is not exposed to attack by water and air. 12. Liquid dosage form increases patient compliance.
Nanoemulsion stability is influenced by environmental parameters such as temperature and pH. These parameters change upon Nanoemulsion delivery to patients.
4/19/2013
24
Preparation of Nanoemulsions
The drug is be dissolved in the lipophilic part of the Nanoemulsion i.e. oil and the water phases can be combined with surfactant and a cosurfactant is then added at slow rate with gradual stirring until the system is transparent.
The amount of surfactant and cosurfactant to be added and the percent of oil phase that can be incorporated shall be determined with the help of pseudo-ternary phase diagram.
Ultrasonicator can finally be used so to achieve the desired size range for dispersed globules. It is then being allowed to equilibrate. Gel may be prepared by adding a gelling agent to the above Nanoemulsion. Carbomers (crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymers) are the most widely used gelling agent.
4/19/2013 25
Factors to be Nanoemulsions
considered
during
preparation
of
Three important conditions: Surfactants must be carefully chosen so that an ultra low interfacial tension (< 10-3 mN/m) can be attained at the oil / water interface which is a prime requirement to produce Nanoemulsions. Concentration of surfactant must be high enough to provide the number of surfactant molecules needed to stabilize the microdroplets to be produced by an ultra low interfacial tension. The interface must be flexible or fluid enough to promote the formation of Nanoemulsions.
4/19/2013
26
Applications of Nanoemulsion
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Parenteral delivery Oral drug delivery Topical drug delivery Ocular and pulmonary delivery Nanoemulsions in biotechnology
4/19/2013
27
Stability studies
The physical stability of the Nanoemulsion must be determined under different storage conditions (4, 25 and 40 C) during 12 months.
Fresh preparations as well as those that have been kept under various stress conditions for extended period of time are subjected to droplet size distribution analysis. Effect of surfactant and their concentration on size of droplet is also being studied.
4/19/2013
28
Nanoemulsions
Conclusion : Conclusion Nanoemulsion formulations offer several advantages for the delivery of drugs, biological or diagnostic agents.
Nanoemulsions can be formulated in a variety of formulations such as foams, creams, liquids and sprays.
Recently, nanoemulsions have been used in several drug delivery applications such as targeted drug delivery, mucosal vaccines, In cell culture technology, anti-cancer, anti-HIV therapy and diagnostic agents.
4/19/2013
29
Thank you
4/19/2013
30
References
1-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958051
2- PHARMACIE GLOBALE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACY NANOEMULSIONS: AS MODIFIED DRUG DELIVERY TOOL Department of pharmacy, Vels University, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Received: 28 December 2010; Revised: 12 January 2011; Accepted: 28 March 2011; Available online: 5 April 2011 online at www.pharmacie-globale.info 3-http://www.slideworld.org/viewslides.aspx/Microemulsions-ppt-220667 4-http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest54570-439278microemulsion/ 5-http://www.firp.ula.ve/archivos/cuadernos/00_Book_Salager_Chap3.pdf
4/19/2013 31