/

:



.
Learning Theory




.


. Social Context
:
Cognitive Learning
1
Theory
Social Learning
2
Theory


:
- ..
.

.
:

.
:
-

.1

. . Gerome . S. Bruner



.


.



.


.



.

.
.

:
1 ) ( Inactive Mode

.
2 Iconic Mode
.
3 Symbolic & Logical Mode

.

/

.
:

.

 -2 'Robert Gagne

" "
Hierarchy

.
Prerequisite
.
" "

.


. Task Analysis

.
Tasks
)
( .

(Task (2

(Task (2

(Task (3

((3
(Task (3
(Task (3
(Task (3

Task

Task
((4



" " .



.

-3 David Ausubel
" "

.
" "


.

" "

.

.


.
" "
:
: .
:
.
:

*
Meaningful :

*
Meaningful :

Perception Learning

Discovery Learning

*
Rote :

*
Rote :

Perceptional Learning

Discovery Learning

" "
:
1 .
2 .

.

.

Advancement Experience Organizers " "

.


.
:
1 : Explanative Advanced Organizers


.
2 : Comparative Advanced Organizers

:
.
.
" "
)

/

( " "
) ( .

 -4 Jean Beaget
" "


.
" "
.

.



.




.

:
1 : Sensory Motor Stage


.

.


.
2 ) ( : Preoperational Stage



.

/

 3 : Concert Operational Stage

.


.
Reversibility


Concert .
4 ) ( Formal Operational Stage

.

.


.

.
) (

.

:
)

(

/

)(1

)(2

)(3

)(4

: ..

. 1989
:

. 1996
:

.1995
:
. 1995