2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

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2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

KZdG M
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2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

jdG dG

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(+961-1) 791 614 ca
kitabfj@cyberia.net.lb

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

QRCG AdG
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2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

.AbQdG G VQCG J bh ,b hOQH

j Yh .Th Y gdG cCG FM Qh Y ,gH fGQL a ,NCG G eCG
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2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

c ,Gg edG Y .GHCG gQCG h ,dG dG KCG H AGOdG dG J NG

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J g T ch .ejCG YdG Y jQ dfhQ ceCG FdG WCG
U e e za fc{ Y hCG ,e ,zQW{ fCG Ia ,f Y dN Ia
Y H e bG dG OSCG dG Gg e iNCG QaCG J e gh ..b
QMH T a ,QKCG GdH Ggh ,TCGh jW T C EG Ad ,ce
.M fEG bh
jCG e ,bh zHCG{ T j T Ggh ,H UN MTCG Jj dG Oa c
:(gP dG d hCG) d b .zjG dG{ Hh jaEG e OdG OUG
e ..gPh jdG Y bJ .za e fCG ,HCG h ,ceCG e d{
H ,c bh ,dG e e fCH ,dG c jU d .zdG VdG{
fCGh ,jaCG e Gd dG CG -HY fCG Y eY - bh Hb L ,HQGe
eb{ fEG bh .IQdG e GLj CG Gh ,dT GWSGh ghZ he
Ie h ,e HdG M ,jaEG IQb NOCG h ,a e fEG b ,zjaEG
.zOS{ fCG Ia J Geb EGh ,HCG dG G Gg EG JCj e GQOf OdG .JM
H f ,dG f ,fEG ,QCG FKh d L ,g Lh AGOS d b
..dP e HCG hCG ,HdG dG SEG zfQhL{ Y a ,jg QGZCG
- UCG ,dG a ,jdG hCG ,dG hCG ,fYdG Qh Lj e e
EG jH LQ e eh ,SG dG J fc dG QdG T e - j e
.eb ZQ q M QhG gh ..dG BG b ,jc
1982 dH hH e LGNEG H ,dG jdG e Je CG J
,WdG Y jdG dfCG jd S Uh eY .dG :UC GLQ
EG .. OdG e{ :db .zqddG fDhHCG fCG{ :Gdbh ,Fh d GebCGh
AH h ,dG QGe jOdG EG Lf ,ceCG zjGH{ EG LdG dhM
.zZh f f IY cCG CG SSCG jg

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

bGh Hh .QdG d ,Gh dG fK NGh

Y Yh G Z .j Gh jdGh dG
jW J hdG QGO ch ,zhO{ dG ..FG
.fJh ,fCGh IGh fdG EG dG
EG e JCj CG hO e W ,e U ,gH
.eG e LMCG e NBG , ,hO ,{ .eG
h ,H e fCGh H e YdG NJ CG :H dh ,J
AGG M .ze fCG hCG e fCG S MCG
:bh U W b j fCch GHh QU Y jFGO
.zH e fCGh H e NOCG fCG ,W ,M ,W{
WGSQCG g e aZj IQcO fc ,YdG
,aZj YT ebEG H zJ{ geO dG dG
YCG EG SCGQ aQh ,zfCG a{ e jM jW h
WGSQCG bGG J GJ ,ea bGc
hCG{ :dG OCG jQJ Y IV J fch .KhQG
,JZ CG YdG c zdG OCG{ J SG e
GOBG CG zYdG dG{ EGh cQe M Hh
.zkGMGh Y HOCG J CGH CG G edG
Z dG ch ,dEG YdG fa ,j hO aQ ,ICa{
jZEG KdG CG aJ g{ .zfGh gf jhGR
d fc ,TeQh fY gj Gfc ?iJ fc b
fc ,jJ c ,AY J ,Sdc ,iJh ,Y
YCG { :Je da ,j GPe IQcdG QJ .ziJ
ch gPG ,PEG ?aJ CG{ hO Oa .ziJ fc fCG
.YdG e Nh YdG dG eb h ,zH jb

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

GRS db .TCG g c ,f c ,zgdG{

,fGfR c dRdG G N gh Ie
jGhdG EGh jGhdG e L ,Oh e d f{
.zjGhQ f ,M j ,jGhQ Y cG !gf
H Oe SQ ..zhO{ hO e jM J h
..jOeQ jH b Y IU Uh ,a AGM
Sj ,j CG bh ,eO e fCGh ,gh T Fc
hj fCch ,H cH ,QU Y IFGO T H
.IU e JUh ,dG e Je Ib
,QRCG dG fM hOQdG j bGh cPCG dR e
fCG{ :Fb zhO{ f bQ fb e dG dPh
zH jb ch gPG ,PEG{ :hO Oa zH CT
dG a .(GL eSh jdG J aT S)
.zj dG EG{ :jh J IQS
gh ,Ge J :H Y hO AL ,d
AL M .deh e N M j h ,d Kj
:Fb G M dha ,Nd JYa Y d
zeb hU JLh ,d jg g{
z?hO g eh{
,jhGR Sh FKK e IFGO ..dG g g ..gN{
zFf jGhR iNCGh jhGR c Hh
z?dH dP NO e dh ,hO ,Ff jGhR ,f{
g e J ,IGh fdG EG f jW jhGR c{ :b
GdG bG ,jhGR Sh FKH ,jFGO iJ CG G
.zGdG GYb HGh ,jFGO fGh ,SdG dG

dG zedG{ Y Y eCG .g zG IQ{`d J

GG{ ,z?GM jCG{ .zIJe GG{ :a a j
.z!jOG Y jOdG j dG dG fL Y
.zdG{ :dG YCG
dWh ,eh ,bY c .Ic G hj c jZ
h ,Gj e Y hj AT ch ,dG SGQdG
GdG cQ Y Yb Fc a AGU NGdG
g g zdCa{ ,EG YT j c ,zb cCj{h
.zjU j GL q e{ b ?q e
gh JM c ..e jS GH zdG gdG{ JS
GbG zY gh{ fc d ,dP QOCG c ,U
e ,dG Mh ,U QO d U e .jL
a dc N EG edGh G e dSG e ,QG
,G YGC ,h ,OedH IGh bQdG
e ,Gc e Yh .ebh Mc TCG N e Ye
,QGSH J fGfR b e G N h J
dG cM jH e ICGeG M .GRH dG
jY AGM H ,Vf Lhh ,je ,jQdG
j eh ,IU c G e jh ,fGTh
,bP dG e OZ c ,cM EGh ,HCG
SQ aO e ch ,AbUCG h CG h CG h M
f FGO Jh ,QRCG ShhW FGO a SJ HCG
:dbh bH qGE f eY g dL fc .SdG
MCG{ :G bO eU .zSCGQ NGO fCG{
,L hCG AGU
q CG ..q M f M d CG ,zSCGQ
aCGh ,f e KGh ,Me c ,QG e .a
H f jCG QOCG h .H gJCG hCG dP YOCG ,IH
.H gjh ,f Y Yqj e Hh fEG
Y dG Hh ,LR e QGL dh .. d JYO
..d
U ,QdG e GC SCG GRd jU Y aJ ,gH
He jh ,a e dG jh Nj LdGh dG
fCG dP Sh ,AGMh AGUh dJH ,ba GdCG GP
.zLGQ FW{ AYCG e
IdH Ge ceCG EG AL g Gg LGQh
Gg N FW fJh ,bdGh jdGh dGh
.bdGh jdGh dGh IdG GdCG J ,zG{
dG dh ,fjdG c Lc He ch
I jT eb jh ,bdGh jdGh IdGh
fCG dP Sh ,bdGh jdGh IdGh dG GO
CH j h ,VZ ,aCG V Oa ,e fCG
OLhh ,bdGh jdGh IdGh dG e AT
..GQG Y ee ,dHh ,OLh e cCG FGR
..JOWh a ed e S
jOSCG Sh f ..zjOSCG{ SCG c
e H a MCG Y JH Y AGU Tb b
J d ,dG dGh QdG FGQ e Jh
QUh ,bdGh jdGh dGh IdG MhQ
g e g .NBG e C zJQ S{ Y QhG e
CG aj h ,T SEGh ,c eEH He
bY GN H ,gT d gT G
,gj CG zLGQ{ CG Lj h ,IGh dH
Ia Y J .fCH e Ghj M ,gT j hCG
T e IRhe ,FY g ,ZT e FV
H j Wd fEG db .eh e S ,J
dH TCG fCG CG ,qGE fCG dP e ah ,e
,FW JCG e d CG ,bdGh IdGh jdGh
.JOa ,La

ej e{ cCGh .G e Lh MGh .Y iNCG

.eh ..dG e L Wah z!Ib Y ,e
Ga Me QRCG ShhW SJ GRS LQ
GH NCG bQdGh ,Ie aG AG AV e H
CG hO f f .IQhG MG fGh ,NBG
QOCG h .zd hj HCG H Y{ :dbh SCGQ aJ
.IAf g CG
c H cP jg iUh ,jH YCG JU
c ,Y WGT ,e edGh ,aM a e
NCGh ,FGSEG Y jJ hO ,GS Y NO
edG H Yh ,dG H Y ddG j CG
J fCch ,e HT e JCJ gH AGVCG eeCG
hJ WG HdG e H bGe EG H a , c
e Sh QJh J eGhH ,eZ ,Ie
gh H a GHh .OJ dEGh J e eZ OSCG
HH HdG Gg cPh .HdG GH j e TCG j
.NBG eR NBG H NBG
IdG EG eC Gdb ,hH VG dG S
.dG A Z EG EG hJ d idG NCG T
.AG ,zdG G{ EG NCGh eCGh fCG gP
,OGdG EG dG e OGOjh jQdH J dG fc
jjh IdG QdG j Gh ,Fg dG ch
K OM HGJ Qe Y df .OQH dG b PGPQ e
,OOJh ,H dG eCG eCG bh .QdG hCG Y
c ,WdG Y MGC :Oh H O HGC eh
.AG j OdH V jU Ib f eh ,gQN
,fCG eCG ,NCG T gOh IdG gj Zh ab
dh fGh ,dG f Xh ,Hb aa
Ib QdG gM bh J IU H eEG
,GM YQ a NU eGC NU ,IC a .dh e
J Leh ,G e b Y J H Th
f JLh ,dG e eGC j S .G M
gj NCG AH d cJ fCWG h ,QG
SCG OdHh ,q LQ H TCG c .iNC G
.H S dG Cch GHh ,d a ,QG OU
.f G QJ ,Gdh ,OQj dH M ,d
SCGQ dG BGdG e bQh VCG CG eCG db
K ,J ze IQS{ Vh ,zdG O HGE {`d
.OQj dG Xh ,cCH BGdG K ,zSj{ IQS
,hH IMGh Ie EG dP b dG jCGQ b cCG
bCG h ..gP ..QGJ ,bQR ,jg ,YJG .U
bh .dG e G N
q h ,a L W c ..e
ae Y ,HdG L e WdG eQ NBG ,GH
Heh M Y L dh .e jJh ,e
eQh ,IdG Y e T .a bMh ,j
dG bGQCG fCGh ,J CG Th Y jGe e J AH
.AG e HdG QM NGO h ,H e
-G GC j ..OQj dH MGC c ,b e
H ,ZCG c M ,zdG G{ e d ,SHdG
,jQdH bQdG JJ .H Heh G Y fCGh
,jh ,d IN gC a ,dGE Yj dG Cch
WG bQdGh HdG hH Jh .H jh ,gCa
,J NCGh ,J HGC ,YQT YQT ,j dGh
c{`dG ,G Fg Mh QedG Sh h ,bZh
j ,zeQc S{ a jCGQ c dG ,zfc
gh ,j iJ eCGh ,JdG e ec eH HCG
J h ,AdG bQR EG ajh ,gN e H
,zdY{ G f d ,gCG ,gCGh jSCa ,e

IQGh HWdG H Qj G Y T .MCG

J h dG HZh Yd JU Lh ,AGOdG
a N b LNCG .dG Ud iNCG YS eeCG
IOc ,eC H G j NGC h HUCG Y bhh FW
,a ,fY .GL fEG J dG Q dG
Hh H dCG jCG Y dO CG e J ,Yhe adG
d bGh fCGh ,G bW ,c Y .iNCG jGhQ g .SdG
Gg Y IMGh d ebEG CH TCG L ,dG Y
.aYCG id IdG GC HCG d J G
Sg Y dCSh G OSCG L e Y L
CG fCG cCG AGS ,e T jj CG H { ,jdH
eb j H QGdG j j a ,bCG .zZ
GQhCG ,e N M ,c jH ,b c Y :e
,hO fc fC ,dP GRS cQOCGh ,Hj T
JH aCG GPeh{ :a ,zjGg{ j CH YbEG dhMh
YCG .zY GL h ,f ,hO ,f g{ :db .z?gH
.jQH fj AT H fMCG SdG j jQdG CG
e UCG fEG b .fb e dG dP ,ejCG H dGh
CG d ,d Gh ,BG eCG{ ,ceCG QU K ,cJ
GRSh fCG c .dG gdG jCGQ e hCG .zAT
EG fCG fCGh ,Y ee ,QRCG ShhW SJ g ,g
:ff GYU jCGQh .jdG SEG a G PGPQ
g d .dGh VQCG J , bW f d
He K Y AGM :qYQ UCG e b Qc
e NCG T eh ,zQGW{ dM fCch GL
,jH Y jh ,ceCG jdG J dG dG
G Y Y SCG .e dG QN ,Y a ,a
.zY{ f e cJ J IQS j GC Hh G
Y NdG Jh ,KfCG a ,Yf ,AH HUCG
,jZ j Y dG dh ,AG J U ShDhQ
,YCG .dG bJ fCch .dLQ ah ,OSCGh
.kGMGh kT d H EG L
dG OJ c Sbh Y jONCG a ,b Lh L
aGMh e OSCG QT dh , dGh dG
jdG dG Y h Y dG J h ,e
jh Seh V :fCG EG jOGQEG J fC ,
,jdG jMh ,dG Y a JU .c LdG Y
.zH SG ,H{ .Y GRS aY .NBG Lh
MC fe c dh ,GRS ,IU b c{
bQh NCGh e L ah ,V .zd SG
:b jH dG H EG dG FY fCGh{ .b e
.zIQL :H J a jg Y ,e J d b ,fQCG
GQCS jZ cH b ICah ,IH GC jh H j c
,JQGh ,d X ,e T ,T Cch GH :GQGe H j
IY Nh YH eQh ,gP f f cQh
c H CH GHh ,N Gg H SCGQ gh ,Ge
SG cG c .j dG bQdG j h ,Te
b{ :j T Cch gH MV cCGh .a Gd
c cQJ f K ,fKKh ,IQG cCGh dhW Y
Gg J ?LQ j H Y M CG h .AGQh AGN
.zd J dG EG fdG e NCJ :HLCG ?H
fCch H c jZ .AGN c zqG Y{ ML
h ,L h G fG UCG V e H
jCG dG g Cch ,GRdh d M fCG
.d fCG h fCG
JN H QGSG .fG a eh Y hJ eY
,L H JYO .ze kej H Y e{ GRd bh
IQL Y J fQCG GRS Cch ?SG GP EGh

,jDhQ jj fCH YG M ,a hO QCG eR e

Y f M S eCG U GP kbGh H Lah
jd FUh ZQa c J e ,edG e Y
..z!hO Me{ .Gg zKCG{ JJ jh Jjh ,bQh
J a Yh ,Te Th FL Lh ..
q GE f
?M{ .zM fCG ,hO ,Me{ .e j .jT
,VfGh edG jZ H b ,z?M e
GMCG YCG { ..z!M{ .cj CG hj fCch OTh
Jd LQh T HGZ e Vh .zSG G H
hCG J I ,NB M e cGQOEG j c hO ..eb
cGQOEG aCG c ..GMCG j ,dG g h ,J
.bCG Ih bCG IH dh ,e
,d T cPCG h ,fK q Y J ,aCG eY ,c Y
e d T H ,YdG KOM Y h ,GQOEG fGa Y
EG YOh .zG
q a ,PEG{ .JS je e G
,G WT Y iNCG je M cQ UH
G bQR jW I H HCG S cQ eh
HZ a IU IjL df .AGdGh HdGh dGh
dG QRCG G JG :dEG e . e UCG
IYb Heh ,G Od H zZ{ Z AT j
T Y .e gOLh dG ..ceCG jd jY
eCG aj fCGh ,jhdG j U Qe
NCGh hO dEG G .G e L H , JG
,L H KCG ,SGh dU :NOh JG e S
?hO{ .e gP .z!H Gg ,NOG{ .e , e
N{ :b .zg SQG , H Ggh QGdG SJCG
hQ J :eCc fCG{ .LCG .z!fCG a SGh JG
dG dG ,NBG H f dG e QTCGh .zdG
IOb MCG H Gg .kjCG aG b ,IjG MdGh
.Se IG jdG dG .fSG cG
cCG dG IQU Y :QhdG EG fG{ :b z?c{
.LCG .zhe Se eQ Ggh ,zSQM Y{ ah
S{ .kjQJ ,bO ec CG H a cCJ dh
.zdG LJ dG ,f{ .z?g{ .zg dG
IjGh HdG ,g GMh dG J dhM !dEG j
,jb G bW .Y Gd ee !G jgh
g SG :zGcS{ e Ie JQR H JcPh

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

z?J Y{
.zQG cCG NGdG Me Fc g ,LQ j{
eY .j d e bb MCG hM fCH T
IFGO SQh ,e UUQ b hJ ,iNCG d N
iQCG YCG M SdG f Qj Xh ,MCG c aO
ehCG ,hCG H QH'' Zh ,IMGh UUQ H EG
cCG H Y{ :GRS c gP h .''hCG gH
.zd hj
hCG , O fCH hj NCG G Gfc
GP QOCG h .G OGhQ ZCc dG e
,jOY fL fc e cCHh ,fH jCG fCG T
jW LQ ,f fh ,Hb j c .Y HLh
QR NBG M b QGQRCG c j ,zjh{ Yj ,GL
a bc gY dG e dW hJ dG bQ M
fCH j ch ,gdG e FGO J Lh Y ,H
Mba ,zcj{ d JCG eY Y jh ,Y
c ,zjh{ c .Y a :iNCG jH cj CG Y
ajh ,qEG j ,d L S hCG jZ cM iCGQ
.ze Se Fa dM{ :j c LGM
ZQ Y Y j HGL LCG ,e GDS H dCS ch
e GQOf .M QGM C IK hCG HGH jCG j CG
T YCG ,BG Mh ,JjcP e icP jCG Y
dWh ,aUh ,NWh ,GQH c .Ve Y cj
Mh .aYCG AT c g jJ Gg .GOeh ,eL
,jQY ,edG M Y LCG ch ,dc ,Y
:dG dG L MCGh ,hH c c ,Wh
,ae Y ,Hh fCG ,fh Ie e .G Gg QGZCG
J f .G c gCG fCG h ,dc j g
.G (G dG) zja{ cM
JCj ,YSCG a eCG j ,zNCG G{
GhG T :VQCG q O hCG jQ q g e c dEG
,fhdH bTe K EG fQdc T d
Z GcQhC TDj HdG d GQCG c QSe
JH Se dBG j SCG e S FU ,IOLe
M e fCG aH j H ,GHCG Y j h MGh
.zW HHP ,g ,W HHP ,g{ jh
GY H zQGG J{`d Ije dhW G Sh
,IOe RY ,GdH dhdG g Y .dG Gg e
, QH I HL ,QGQRCG Hh jWh Qb

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

,z?e M{ dCS ,zG e dG SG{ d j

j dG dG{ .z?dG eh{ .zdG SdG M{ b
j fQCG g{ .z?Ic fGQCa ,fQCG CG{ .zfQCG
,OGdG EG V IQM Mj dh ,G SCGQ
.zG SCG ,M PSCG j ,Hh ,H f
eGMGh fQC eGMG SSCG Y bO Jh
fOQCG dW bGdG G YCG CG ejCG M .PSCc
H SeHO eRCG fh ,dG H OGH
g{ ,QOCG ,IOH hCG DH KOG Y Y .dhdG
EG jRdG e Lh ,IC ah .z?fQCG GeYCG
,chCG f e j fC ch ,cGdG QRCG
fCG ,M PSCG j{ : ALh YGQP Y Th
SCe{ .z!HCG e S cCG g Y OCG H J !QM
M EG bGU LJ h .zSCe ..jRdG e j
a ,z?dG fQCG M fc c{ :ej H dCS
.z!GM h Mj h FOg c{
,UCG zY{ d CG QOCG h ,Yh H a e cCG
.dOG b H KOM d
Y eOCGh ,jCG e j GL T Y c
ej ,e ,SdG e f g .zGee{ Uh ,dG
hCG ,G hCG ,NdG Y ,jW j e c Y
hCG ,dG Hc hCG ,jdG L hCG ,dG hCG ,dG
eOEG ,dG Gg e e JMh ,U e GAdG
M ah ,NBG EG eOEG e NCG c d .eOEG
CG N AGSh ,VG dG S e dG
a ,IeH H Y .AH TCG YCG ,HQ
YEGh ,e jH ,dY j QUh ,Je hCG Ie
MS g egh ddG dG cQ . H
h ,aQh ,H SCG dG j Vh .jSh
.zhCG gH ehCG ,hCG H QH{ :jZ IjJ
jdG ADg ,g{ .z?g e{ .zg{ :b .z?G e{ dCS
e f a dh ,MS d L .zGb Y Jj
cQ .G Y g :T b c hCG ,G
bGQCG d j CH e ch ,jCG HGdG dG
H j M dG G cG H b .a OhOQ
fCch ,FN ,dN f M :zdG gdG{
Y j CG jj c AGQdG EG SCGQ LQCGh ,T ij
SCGQ gh ,Fa YH Je Y ZCG K ,N AT
.MV ah ,VH Oj c

dW L f H ,d IdG RQCG L f hCG

bGh fCGh :g FGO SHdG jh .dG GQ
GMGh L h ..bZ iNCG G c ,L YCG
NCG jH ba IY e EG UCG aCG h ,aCG
Z h f eM ,Og dGh ,bZh e QWh
Yh ,MdG LdG fCGh ,iG Hj h ,jR
J H .qGE JCj CG ,a hf j CG dG
EG LQ b dG j ,dG G .f aG
,G Y fCG .j T Cch ,e EG fCGh ,fe
cM T ,G Qjh ,jQdH bQdG JJh
.GHCG J jFGO
.dGh dG :hH T e qY j HCG c
e bCGh aZ T aCGh ,HCG j M fCG ,dG
NCG ,LLdG HH eh ,eh SGh H MS EG
Y ,QgdGh G e Sg TCH je Ne f
,HGC h OSCG NQ e LQO fGC h , jE G dG
.zeQc S{ EG dG G QGdG cQCGh
c .MU IMGdG M d ITdG VdG GC j
AeGh ,QG bGQC ,NBG fEG CG b YdG NOCG
Y GJ IQdG gTCG CG ,dG e gCGh ,jQdH YG
ZQCG c .aN Qf e j ZQa jS TT
,zjOY IOe{ e fCG UCG h ,jdG TdG g z{
.b Sdj M jCGQ a
T H FQb fc e IOY ,dG H
jg fQCG Y N hU eCG ,AGOS H
Ca{ HCG NBGh ,zT Ca{ OSCG gMCG :GU
je Qh Ub a T hdG S .zN
fCch Y e fQCG Y J .gGMEG H eh
Mh ,QdG Ub a H QhJh ,a a ,S
IOYh .gjEG dhJh Ub H b NJ
.YdG NO b g dG FQb Y eCG c e
h HCG SG ,hj e Y a H d
b ZQa jSh Me aZ T Lh H ,j
,NG WCG HY CG Ya ,SGdG MdG
.fL Lh
Y H jM cP ,zdG gdG{ JS ,BGh
:d J H YNG dh ,KOG H fQCG
FQb La ,Y H dG EG VdG AKCG HCG AL
dG TCG W CGQ fc EG dCSh ,dG Y dG
.dG Nj Y e ITdG
?U dh b :aGdG
j dh ,L dh ,U dh ,dN j f CG :HCG
?jCGQCG ..OQj dG CG j gh d c Ya
?a cS dGh L dh :aGdG
.dN j f CG :HCG
,GL GH ,GH dh aS !N Ca :aGdG
N hU Yh ,jg fQCG Y j gh ,dG
j N Ca ,Oj K ,H Y J Qh Ub a
.N Ca ,N
c ,dG
q jCG ,fb e dG dP ,JV
FQb{ a d ,jCG fQCG Y jM dh ,b
.NBG fQCG icPh H ,jdG fGQCGh ,zdG
Hf YCG c ,VG dG S NGhCG
,je ,LdG jY ,S eh .OQCG SG
j c ,zdG IY{`H eh jH Ue H
jSh ,G W G EG G L e fCG
.zjRdG e{ fh ,e M Y GO dG
c Ie .H UN fQCG Y FGdG jM g a jdGh

10

 J dG ,jg J ZQ j S J
e zH{ SG c EG .jG Sd jdG dG
zJ{`dG OQh c ,dH j fEa ,zQH{ e
SCG deh ,zj H M{ W HG Y adG
.dEG Qh ,zf{h ,zj{h zM{ j CG
UCG dG J d CG h j :gH ehCG .3
Y ge CG f H e a M) ..jdG
.(ze c bdG{
hjh ,e ,dGh dG gQ OOj Se e :hCG .4
G j ge fJ G jf G M fJ CG
.HY H jdG dG Y dCG c ,d GeQ
T d e T H ,jS IU Ijda
H ,aG YSe Y Y a d ,J ,T eRCGh
jg - ehQ jdG L fe jg J jg Y
hCG UCG HY hCG e hCG jOj hCG e d T
d hCG d jS IU ,zADg c{ fC ,NBG AT CG
c bda ,AHh gW f H LCG e ,bd hCG
h , dG h , H h , G M , e
Yh{ dh ,GG GM j G Gg .A SCG
.ze{ hCG zq
d Vh{ :c ,JcM Y iNCG Me
h ,bW Gh dG dG M :zH SCG
HEG{`H dG j dG g) bd GQe G
e c cGe hCG bdG GQe .(zdG
c H CG hjh ,IOGQEG ce IG .zGcJ{ Yj
,edG j ,dG BGdG .dG H zJGOGQEG aj{
Hh ,idG hCG dG dH Hc dG b
.zHc{ H
aYCG e Y AHh .zdG Seb{ e a eCG g
M{ J GL JQ ,aYCG fCG YCG hCG
b NCG H ,zGG jW Y G{ hCG ,zIOGhW
.MCG fhM j M ,M Y H
egCG eY ,zNCG G{ e T d H
,dBG hCG MTCG hCG WT ,e LQN ib CG S
TTh ,cdG e eMh ,gP NJ ,a
H jS cM H dG j Sh ,H
NJCS dH gY .JjJ jh ,idG J Oj
.adG dh ,M Y b NCGh
fJ bGQh N M bGQ ,JCa UdG SG
,aQh ,H SCG dG j Vh eYh ,Lh
AdG YCG{ Fb SW Wb ,IjdG CG j Och
,e G g S c .z H f jQY QRCG
cCG h ,WCG d e IjdG hJ ge geh
YCG J fCG Qb dh ,Y dG f fCG YCG
Nh ,dc a Sh ,a d ib bJh ,MhQ
.a M Y
J ad dh ,bdG Y dG OH c H GRCG
G e Sc e Y ,d SG K ,H
M f fG ,ICa .GHCG J d N I WCGh
ZV bh Y Mh ,Lh Y SfCH T
gh ,MCG e S N e JCG ,LQ j{ :M c
.z?jGf e ,J fCG
M c ZV bh cCG q Y Hbh ,cM b
CG dG e WCG h ,Se dG d fCG !LQ j SG{
,GM e EG IG Uh d ,J j
VQCGh ,NBG T Cc d Th FT SCG eeCG
SCG .G e Y Ga e Je fCG .Y
,G j b dG QYh ,L M e IOdG

11

.zY Ia h ,Y Y{ d b ,Gg zQRCG FdG{

.dG e Wa
FW{ Y jM HL .SedG zdCJ{ CGH
QRCG HQ dhM ?Y zQRCG{ e e dh .zQRCG
.zhCG gH eCG hCG H QH{ :gQj dG IjdH
.Y dh
M , d f h NBG h hCG HCG b Zh
Se H J ,e .SG f dG UdG
qjCG M{ Yj G Od ,ge Mh ,GL Lh
jW c gh ,zSe Uf{ c ,zQRCG
UdG L e zYdG dG{ MU a Vh
,zMCG g YR{ Y T b H CG cJ ..jdG
fCH YJ c :d b{ .fM cjh Ic bH e
,f bdG U ?b YR eO e fc Yh
,U Qc g Lh JQSe Y a
.zGDS Y LCG ,BG UUdG J d :d bbRh
UdG CG GHh ,b H YdG Lh Uhh
jq CG M{ OdG AYdG MCG Y j f
dG AM Hc{ :GH G Jh .zQRCG
,GL jZ Hh .zSG dG Uf{ hCG zSG
e PH gGQ c ,zdG dG IOb{ Yj ,geh
dG Y gdG{ SH jEG EG LJh ,dG
e JLhh .GL aj H CG M aYh ,zPdG
M ,SeGOGSf GAf e ,zQGSCG{ e OGhQ
,(dG dG dG zdG c{) zJ BG{`dG
jGhQ M dG eh ,zdG dG IYCG{ M Jh eh
dG GOSd eh ,e Gd ze Q jW{
,G OdG Y dG Y c e d fCG dG Yj
.(dG Se Uf) zGOTHj{`d g eh
.FGO e MCG U aO JMe cCG c
JjJ eg Y ,e .H d SW H CGHh
:ShhdG SQ GRS QJ c gQj c dG G
:j e c zhCG gH ehCG ,hCG H QH{
.gdG ,dG J jEG c :QH .1
bh ,zjQH{ cdH UCG SGh , SG :H .2
hCG ,zAH{ e e HY c gh ,zH{ EG jH
S CG hjh .(G dG A SCG MCG) zQH{ e
KCdG Y jdG SG IQH OYG g S J
Ea ,dHh ,GH CG GM cCG AGS ,G Y

UCG fYa d) zhQdG{ GQhCG e SO eeCGh

Ib Ie hC Y S c dG IAG d
IHEc He fCGh ,( dEG .S. `d z dG VQCG{
h ,d ..GMdG fCc ,ceh ,cPh
jQhO j eY EG J c jCG j CG MC
.GQTEG M d ,dG g ASHh .dG d GC Jh
,IH jW fCG{ :H CGbh jQhO YCG
,f Y d gL dhM .zGM GFW Sh
IMGh c c ,z?BG fCG jCG{ dCa ,Y dh
K NBH He M c ,jJ U f dW
J c dEG j .zFKK bQ QG fCG{ :db
,c e M NBG MCG hM g .bGb EG dG
Ggh .UG Seb g Oa d .MCG Gj hM
.G FHR H FGdG zgdG AS{ S
UN Seb dCJ :jY Ia H N ,ICa
eh ,dEG dH c c e a OMCG Seb .H H
H Sh ,Y j hCG Y aCG CG ,Gg hO
c ,e .CG WdG dP Y J dG zdG{
Yh ,zIQ YO b jU{ H Y J zfQCG{
e{ Yh ,T H FQb Y jg fQCG J
Mjh G SCGQ d j fQCG J zjRdG
,G GY Od fh .de H Y IQM
aCG fCG h ,eT a AS ,GMCG j CG MC
Y Y dG e C H c e T
.gdG AS Y JQb Hge da .Y ge
c e a OMCG ,H UN zSeb N{ a
ceCG dG GH TCG he Gg .g Y c
Y a ,jOdH UN d OLH j c dG
j d jEG j CG hMh U G S
.jOdG H Hh H Lc
,j G MCG CGH M M j e Y fG
fd{ ZCG ,IMGh bL AGQh jOG c OOjh
dG f f .(jW ceCG a) zceCG d
Y dG ad a jh ,bGh H jCGa ,hd
:bh ,GL Ge Aa YCG dG .Y jh ,dG
e QOCG .zeCG ,dG QRCG FW AL ,LQ j{
.zb c{ :HGL QG dh ,Gg QRCG FW
,Y hO e N ,{ .z!LQ j cCG fCG JCG{
Y GRS dCS .Nh zGg QbCS ,GT{ .zeCS

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

IOG cdGh dG IH Md AdG a , M bCG EG Qh

d dG CG j a jCGQ e{ dCSh ,fJhdG hd SCG ZdG ,G
.z!Je J { :b .z?MCG Gj
NGh bdG NOh .g fG b .eb jOUh X a N bbR Uh
:a c jCG dCa OY .H hCG eGhCH aCG GPe QOCG HCc Mh Hh .e
e{ .z!HH Y OQh V EG f MCG{ :b ?N bR ?e d .zg e {
.zIdG{ .z?g
zdG{ H j fCG QOCS ,M ,dh ,j e ICGeG fCG g zIdG{`d e bCG
g eh{ .zIdG eN dG{ :G Y JZU LCG e L S
.zdG{ .z?IdG
H EG J Fe N LQO e Ne :ceCG dG e H EG GNCG Uh
N Yeh V N dhW a ,Qb QRCG c The fdU NO .LR
Hb e H ,dG Yh ,b QL ,FG EG GOe ,QdG Y .SGh T
H j NCGh FHc fS TCGh G NO .dG HdG e j QO
bh eCH e AL{ :b M j jdG c .dG AGOS Pa Ie
d b .e d Y H a IG e NG d b .e AdG jj fEG bh ,IG
.zIG b !J .aQh .bCS dH bCG ,bCS d b ,NCG
z?gH a GPeh{
.z!b{
M fb eYh .zSQ{ e fCH dG g T .MV ah
c IWe jCH HH Y bj c IeJ{ :b Y e fCG T ,dhdG
.Se eh ,e HQ .ec j dh ,dG g e YCGh ,YCG
feEH c eh .FS Y Y EG a ,ec j h e NOCGh
bCG ,bCS ,Y bh ,AL EG bCS .H H j CG b UdG j CG
L e fch ,e jJ eCH ,J ,Fa e d edG .bCS dH
,e gNCG ,LQ j MGRCGh ,e AL ,gh H g h ,jQY jS dG
.zgNCG ,jd AH M CG h ,eeCG LVh
z?e g eh{
zfb e U{
z?e ,IG d bh ,aM ,AL fCG J g .aCG dh ,IQe{
BG j FjdG e L .Fja NBGh gP L ,GL fEG d ! !{

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

Vh K iNCG Ie WCGh dG a H .z?g GPe ,dG N e S e fCGh

YOCG{ :b ,ICa .gH GHCG H dCG d fCG MCGh ,fh dhdG Y dG j
.zH EG YOCG ,T dG S ,H EG
c SEG OGS .eG QT EG LN M LRWh MQL GOQH AGdG c
hj AT ch ,G e IYCG Y f He e AV PGPHh H e
iQCG ch ,HG c J e AGOS IBG J f SEG GHh ,LRW
c fCG{ b .M e ,cGdG IBGG g S Y j c H .GdG Lh
QRCG AdG HCS !H !H ,fCS dG JM jf JCJ eYh ,ejdG e
VGeC G e GfG hc ,f gP ,f gP Y !H f jQY
d .zgP Y ,T dG S ,TCG ,TCG fCGh ,f gP e fC , fCGh ,dG
j zdG H{ CG hj g .zdG{ :IjdG IOQGdG dG d eGSG f
,GQKK ,S cCG CG Y jM ,H UCG c .FT HJ gdG e Y
:dCS .c e Fc ,AT CG OLC ,YC CSCGh
z?dG eh{
IBGeh ,dG He EG dG H QTCGh ,z..fCG ..LQ j Ye !hGh ?dG{
eh ,G (cQe HdG) EGh ,GH ,AG H dG Wfh ,SEG
.zdG g Gg{ :bh ,eG
Gg cJ .zATCG{`H Yj e c ,zATCG{ g c j S H T
j dG jdG H eCG INCG dG YS j c dG ceCG QahdG
bGj c .AGU H IAe dN QGH GQe hjh ,dG GQ a
.Qj CG hO ,zdG{
QGdG Y a ,zNGO{ ,edG fCG OLe zdG{ CG YCG c
fCGh ,gH M e c f QOCG .H ,dG H T !dG Heh
fj dc ,dG NGO f g{ :dCS .z!dG g Gg{ :e Yh H OOQCG
.z?e ?g e :LQ j NCG G EG fG .a gh ,a f{ :b .z?G H
Gg ! !{ .zGQG Y Mdh ,zRc{ Heh ,N hW ,e f{ :b
MU M NGO dG f f BGh .Hh !MU N M c G
,gQ M QhJh ,eh e I LJ !J .HS M dgO ,G
.zgP c NGO Jh
,IOG SdG g EG ,AG b ,dG G dG Wf EG TCG
AH bCG Hh H aG IOjR h ,de ,IOQH Ic J dG ,gdG

12

 ,dH IAeh ,fCGh ,Je HdG GGh

VH Y TTe cGO X c EG dG j
,aL ,ae L HJ c d . T
e LQeh ,G AdG bQR EG AT h ,jUh
aL ZGa MhQ N ,b Th jR FL
dh ,ddG GHCG AGdG QCG .Lh Meh
dG :dG Y S zhGdG GdG IcGP{
SSCG MGdGh dGh Gh Gh AGdGh
M Y H bQR{ .HdG dG YCG ,IcGdG g
j Gg c .QRCG Gah eQ Ga ,zeQ IU
,M G Jh ,G U HZ e dH TCG
j ,G QdG L hCG H e Jh
dG EG j h f Y S SQM EG fEG
EG bCG G IGh ,FGdG T Gh .jdG
Y OG L J ,G EG e AGN L
EG f hCG dG NOCG eY .HdH Gh dG
.jZ f c .zjdG{ gS ,dfCG ,HhQhCG
:gYCG U HdG e H Y Y ,J
J QdG MCG dG e LQO Y a LCG
hCG ,dG j Mh ,Ye T eeCGh ,e H EG
hdG H KJ GAa iQCG ,aU AdG J
.Md AGOS N f hdG Cch ,IYG
Y VQCG J T dG EG GL N b cJ
f c Qh EG dfh dG fh ,AdG U
fH Se JCJh .g Yd OTCG c .ZGa Y
Y QJ dG L Ia AZh ,H Ae T e
MCG c c dEG j .U j gHh ,GHhCG AdG
.gY dG
dP e jM e H SGh .dG g EG gP
BGdG hf e ,eU Ib BG dG{ d b .dG
.zdG Ib Y Hc cCS{ .zMCG Y MdG j

13

H ,N S ,djS Md ..Ggh ,Hh AGU

bQG eh ,Z Y z{ j CG Oa c hj
,ge h ,Nd S GL Hj fCG
eY ,GRS db .ec jW Mh ,cSh
.zMGh bdG jf H gCG{ ,Ie hC Y aJ
fCG hCG{ :dbh V .z?MGh bdG jf g eh{
.zjf e EG ,fCG GTYh ,fCG dKh fCG fKh
,Vf hJ CG h W Lh GP gGe H
ic je hJ CG h dG f JS je Jh
jCGQ Y Qjf e Me Jc dCS h ,Qjc
Nh .zH JS ,ICGeG Qjf{ :b JS
,SG J HY e a LJ fCG H
H LQ Lj h ,H H Af fY LJ fCG dGh
.SHdG M EG He SdG ,feh fGb .OhCG
zdH{ Sd J gGG J fc .Y Oa c g
K ,AGZEH iJ NCGh ,L Je Y GOhe OSCG
iJh MJ NCGh QdG QRCG cG Y ef
c dG S h ,j e M gh .Jh
EG Uh b dG c :AjEGh HGdG H d J
AH LQ aQ :cG Y iJ J dG gGG g
UGhh ,gRhh ,NBG Y j NT ,jT
g h ,fG g , dG UGhh , ba e S
Y db dG e Ia cJ .H SG
dh ,L EG gJ CG J ,g{ :IG jdG
a c fGC h H .z j MGC h , a gJh ,Mh
cCG d .LQ j ceCG adG g MCG{ :b .bGf
.zIMdG e Jj ceCG ,dG IMh aK
IdG Th NdG IT e b ,e ,GJe c
jJ TT J dG f dG ceCG
NCS fEG b .JfhdEG aO fG CG H Te
.dG GZ OYCG bh ,eG M HdG d

e JCJ JQU ,gdG L Qhjh ,cJ fb

MhQ jh j fEG ,zcJCG{ Gd ,JS EG fb
z?MCG d e g .qEG
H a ,c NCG GaO ,dG NCGh HCG{
zc
z?Je H HCH M g{
zGe{
zQhjh b j dG gdG L g Gg{
z?Oj GPh{
SGh ,e eCJ ,Lh QGR EG dh .b g !hGh{
zjGf
z..dG QRCG FW QGR b{
zJAL MhQ ,f{
z?QRCG FW g J GPh{
,gjGf ah ,eCJ dh ,Y KMCG d Z Gg{
.z!M j jFGR jGf SG .AL GPh
NGdG QdG Y j GL f d fG ,ICa
c Ohe UCG LH ,Y c .dG HdG e
,aCG Qe e Yh , dG
hCG jH H dh ,L H SGh Y ,GdG
.AfH H ,cM hCG jM
G K ,ddG f H h ,jT AH j c
NCG K H a M .j jCG j fCch ,dG EG
Y ,LQ j{ :jh , J a jh , J a d j
.zIc gP LCG gQhJ dM g ,M jShO
z?ij ch{
.zdK H{
:d b .a fY JG aK EG gP OT
hCG S hCG HP hCG T GJe a hc{
,M e X eh ,iNCG H hCG b hCG UUH
Jh ,FY cQJh ,J gdG LCG QhJ
SG jUh ,NCGh ,HCG T Qhj fCG .IG d
gP dG h ,d ,T eh Jh S b
d ,JQG .bh FGSEG MG V Ige EG
QhJ .d f j c fc e H ,Je e
a j H ,Me eY QU bh ,MGhQCG
S{ g g .G Y VGh ,AMCG Y JG
H ,hH d ,jQJ Sj Y e h .zIcGdG
dEG OJ hCG .TCG e ,GL IN IcGdG ,dCH
a{`H ,dCG IY b ,zeL e{ QY
e gAY dhj JG h ,zdG dG HGH
hO e h ,c Y IcGH dG f ?AMCG
z?G e ,jCG IcGP
zddG Y aG{
z?c{
jS Q ,dY Vh .zMGL H fj ,dG {
.zdG dG IOb{ c EG j fCG GHh .GDS e
gGG e OY NOh LLdG hG H fG
,zYL S{ H a j dG da .gGGh
dh ,f Z dG HdG :ceCG dG Y
e Gh ddGh eG dh ,aZ LCe
GH Hh .GhDhL GPh ,gGG ADg e QOCG .d
.GHCG j h j dh ,j fCch
dh ,jjh ,IdG Hj ,S hCG S Gfc
J e ,dG J UN J e Oa
NBG dGh ,M dG f :zdG{ cM
GY e T H SCGdG c hCG ,QRCGh Qf H e
hCG dJH ,ba GdCH e zjdG Y{ j N

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

z{
z?GP{
zAe c J CG dG W e C{
J CG W e ,gdG S :dG g Gg{
,Ae c ,aG e f c ,CGQ c ,H c ,jf c
j CG gdG W e EG .gP S :g g Jh
zJ CG dG W e CG c ,f
z?dG j jCGh{
g .dG J dG dGh dG fEG :f {
z?S ch T c db e a
za{
z?HS Gg J h{
zQOCG {
zdG eCJ fC{
z?eCdG g eh{
Z e FGO aJ c e J CG j f eCJ CG{
,T ch S c e j b c FGO .J CG
J CG hO dh ,aJ c G J CG b M
zaJ e
fCG ,QJ :EG dH SM AT Y CSCG YO ,H{
z?G e ..Y Ga e ,G e Je
.zJ {
:IdG X Y ch UUdG b hJ
,IQGh , bdG a gP T d IG{
HCG fEa ,EGh ,aa IYdGh ,dGh ,YdGh
.zIMGdG YdG

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

Sh GL NQ Md ,Q dG a ,HG FG
Y CSCG { .zNQ Md{ .z?g e{ :b .jCGQh
LCG .zIdG j RY LQ Y{ .zg Y H b
.jDhQ e iNCG Ie IfH f cCG CG hO
H Y UEG Vhh ,gf fh .zdEG fG ,M{
a Ggh ,NCG N Y a aM g{ bh a
c a UEG j c .zb AGM Ggh ,b T d
Id M g{ .hCG dG Z J fCch AT
dG d CG M gh{ .z!{ .z?IdG T RdG
jDhQ LJ !LQ j YCG fC{ .z!{ .z?Idc OSCG
.z!UJ MCG h NQ Md{ .z!UdG ae H
Xh dG Y ,SG{ :bh ,VZ f LQ
bGQh ,NBG M zThdG{ aGh G NOG :SQe
.zdG j M ,JCG ,dG M AG
aCG e IOGQEG H JLh dh .LCG h ,VZ LN
,zThdG{ ah ,IOQdG fdG aM Y L .db e
.dG M J G bMh ,c Gh
,U Y :AG aJ Hh Y H Fg H T
aj AGh ,a HJ dG G e HK ,bGhh
.QCG c ,L OH Th ,jh Qjh
,Ma W .Ac e aJ Ib ch bQh dhJ
c .j bQdGh NCG G EG cGQ LNh
W .JOc H ALh ,a M fa e G
ha ,IdG Y CGbh ,IdG d jQhO e
j{ ..Gg b M CG AGQh VZ QCG h ,Ge bQdG
T iJ CG !Y Ib a ,AG bGQ d b !LQ
.zAG bGQ ,dH L EG !J d EG
Y a ,L L .SCGQ a gfh bQdG eh
e Y iNCG Ie CG J NUh , e Y
Y fCG ,LQ j{ .dCG c .fCG c Qh Ub
IjL J ad H GC Hh .b z!JS je e cCG
T J c AG bGQ{ ,b CGg ,cCG K AhH
d AG bGQ ,zdG{ Yj BG M MCG j
UdG L .LCG h ,G eU .zG
,CLa H bGQ .fK IdG CGbh iNCG Ie e
,fK gCGbh e dhJ .zbQdG g ,M{ :bh
,YfG e eb g{ :b K ,UUQ b j h
H N SQ) zIe a IMGh L a
e e J g d .zS ch ,T c{ :(UUdG
.zHGL LCG d ,a{ ?zS c{ e e ?b
c ,S g{ :bh ,bQdG Y e H S SQ
.b e h b e aCG h .zf ,S
c c . dG fh ,AG bG LQ , dG
fCGh gP QaCG e c YCG dGh ,jC CG h ,e
Y QOCG CG hO Z .PGPdG e LQCGh ,AG MCG
b S fCG M fCG GL jZh .fdG aM
ah ,AGN U a FS T S ba .H
J e S aQh ,dG a jh jh j
Y Qe ,SCG ,SCG ,SCG fCGh ,cG H
,zdh d dCG{ Y CGb c bQZ Sf je
M e Hh ,c H q j bGh NCG Yh
e ,SCG ,SCG ,SCG fCGh ,ddG H T GH
.G e Y dG dG H dOL .NB Y
dG J fc EG S dG J g{ b
z?fH hCG SCc J h ,a
z{
JCG ,dG J h a cH J fc EGh{
z?S

.zaCG aCG aCGh ,CGj Mh SCGQ d{ .dG b

:dG b ,zfH HUCG a j fGS j gP{
,f ,gP U EG Oj G G e fEG a
gP JCG e{ .QdG Gg Y j dG G fEG
.zf e jh ,CGj h ,LQN g j
d{ ,dG b ,zf d Y IQOb Y gdG{
a Y e IT e ,f ,LQ j Y Gf
HQj dG Idc QU .FP b J c IT
e ,g{ b .z?g e{ : dC S .z! cG Y
.zdG AGN ,gP j
.dG U e jh gdG dG j d
fCG a TCG L ,K CH fCG , fCG jQCG c
Y j f H CG H N ,ICa .V
hCG W hCG Wh hCG M C YGO CG hCG ,fjdG c
bh .Y Y IdG jj :ge hCG IY hCG FW
.M GH LQ j
X Y Ff JLh .Ge ,H EG CG JLhh
,SCGQ Gjh ,dG HdG QRCG cG a
fCG ,W L{ .z?L ,M ,gCG{ .dG jh
e{ :bh b .z!LQ j Y Y I dG h
.fOCG dG Y j CG YCG dG GReG
c EGh ,IdG e J CG j ,fhO Y j EG
zMJ CG Jh ,Y IdG JGReG a ,e fOCG
.zSG EG S ,HCS !{
.G f f ,dG e dM c
z?dG JCG{
z?J c e fOCG Y Y dH GhCG b CG ?GP{
N EG b jh dGh d . YCG GPe J {
,GL Y .e b dJ e j e JeJ
BG MCG fCG Q ,dG TG !SCH .ja
.z!TG .Y Y dH hCG J
Uh dG SCc M .Gg e bhCG QCG !dEG j
N fCG .aZ iQCG CG OQCG ,H h ,dG HdG
.KCd JJ jWh KKCG e dG f IAGb
eU e hCG .NOCGh ,dG ah S .KKCG iQCS
NCG QfG a Jc e Md Y IU dhW
,c a H J e TCG Lh H ,OM
U He e j cdG Ggh , UCG dh
e HbG .G j fCch hj ,HCGh OSCH
,Gec IQU e Ue ,f H Lh :gPh
c JJ dG fG dG c Yh
.e TGa Y e H jS MdG Y .dM
EG LQ .f jGhR ,AT h ,Qa a dG bH
.fEG a M ,e Je HV AT ,MdG
,AdG ZQ dZCG ch ,ddG EG fK df
,adG EG U GP dCS .QdG NH TCGh
eY c HCG ,SSCG eCG e ddG HJ fEG b
Hh ,fMCG dEG gfh fMCG JCj ,hH GLe
CG ,jW VJ J eCGh .M EG Y jZ
H YCG RCG h ,ATCG e aCGh ,ATCG c G
Ghj ,LQ j{ :bh V .c Ye SdG
dhCG{ .zIOdG IjZ a H !SG M Y
c ,LQ j QJCG fC ?GP QJ g ! ?fCG{ .z?GOb
.zUCG e YCG OdH .jL Y d
zeG a{ IdG d dG gPh
QGL Y ,bGQCG ch .fG MCG h ,INCe YS
H b .QdG FGdG G G ,SGh LLR
Y Md Mh .Y YCG H IdH PJCG fEG

14

 G{ Q U a bGh eGC Lh cPCG dR e

J fc .fdG Id dG jCGQ ,Ae ,zdG
kN kYb EG nQGC h ,ejCG b Af IOc OSCG kGQN
G fCG a ,aQh . ee Y AGdG j
ah ,Yh eZ jONCH ,kcGO ,kFGH Lh d g
dGh ,QG GWCH j AGdGh ,a e Y IH e
.cCG IH Oj K jh j jdGh , OGd eCG
YQ :NBG Lh d a ,NBG Lh d rc
g Sh ,d ZCG c .kbZ G e GG
FGQ T h ,b e dG GH e Ib QCG .e
j kb h ,jc OSCG kGjg S h ,FGc
,JMeh ,HR ,hCG G bQR Hh .Gg
IQTEG dG dhCG .FGH e FGd kGQN ,HVh
a ?fdG g L g e c T d
j e c :zFGQ{ :IMGh c c dG ZU
eh ,H Yjh ,e dG jh ,hdG YdG
?kjCG ,G G ej
Mq j dh ,d ,eMCG OQj dG QUh
M e j c ,kGMGh Gj ,dH G W
,L e ,e Tj dG Cch ,ke kbY Tj gh
Mh EG HCG dG QCG .zL{ Yj Qa jHEG e
e jCGQ eY M .L e e H ,Gg j AT
.e L e
q ,H HGdG j W fCGh ,za{
jQG Gb NJ ,VG dG N NGhCG a
eCGh fCG fMQh ,d gCG G ceCG
f ,zfLCG jYQ{`c IFW X Y ,hH e HCGh
,AHh ,AGM HCG jCGa ,z{ IFdG T e
je AGOS QGT H ,zd{ b J ,IUh
Jh .MCGh ,feh IU GQS Y cGJ
dM ..dCGh a fCG CG OQCGh .zWCG je{ hH
:g e QOCG h ,STh ,cS ,Y d SG ,QRCG X
b ,gb ,G dhCG ,JcGP hCG g Gg .dG c
.T cPCG
h ,Y MCG Kj ,jS WCG j Y e
q
Y HCG ch ,MCGh ,Hh H c ,kGMCG MCG
c ?jCG dh ,cCe fCG ,jCGQh ,IOLe ,G
.Y HCGh ,Y c gPCG M jh H SCG
c M gQCG h ,jOhCG H h ,jdG A gLCG
Gd jb e zUdG{ cQCG c .dG f kHZ MCG
c G de bGQCGh ,dG L LCGh ,dG
G LCGh a LQCG ch ,Y HCGh ,AT Jj
bCG ,jHEG{ M ,gLCG h ,Y HCGh ,idG
.zZdH jcdG M ,dG QT
kgh OQWCG c fCG cQOCG ,ec keY Y N H
ObG eL kdW ejCG c .NBG k j H
SCGh ,fGdG f V Y SCGh ,HGOH
L f JCGh ,HhQhCG Sc S
,g OGh b GQCG ch ,eZ AbQR fc :ddG
,dj CG hj QRCG H TCG g e c Lh
j dh ,U dh ,c c qc jh ,jh
kMR{ g Cch GHh ,AbQR L keg :g g
.dG X J GAVEG ,MhQ zQRCG
YCG dh .kjCG ,zQRCG fGdG{ S S ,ejCG
,cM IOQG .OQj H h WCG j MCG
GC g h .L ,g ,eGQO ,jM ,Z ,j M ,bW
jCGh ,AG dG e Ic e dG Gg c Z ,dG
S ,Gg jG ba ,RdG QRCG MdG Gg gP
,YCG e Y ,zJe{ NG ?TCG JOSh OedG

15

dG dG
aGJ CG d kGQq e c gH ,iNGC jhD Q ZHh
,a bQH fge Md J dY AS :Gd
,eb e gdG J bh ,dc Vd gh g
YH ,Fe jh ,kdY qj kjOeQ kGf jCGQh
eh ,jQJ ,Ne ,qc JcGP VQCG ijh ,Fa
,Y d SG h ,H Y OH ,j ah ,jGH
,jh ij a ,ij H ,AT Nj fCch GHh
kb ba ,IQa dG aM Y , g BGQh .h
fC ch GHh ,YGC dGh , YC G EG fh ,bQdG
..H cCG e f fGW UGh K H eCj
eh .e cCG f H qMh ,iDhdG g JqM
,dG J ,c Y .H qj ,H qj
?GPe Y ..Y KMh ,H EG LQ
?dG iCGQ H Y
c dG H YQCG CG MCG c ,G W fCGh ..
,Y c gPCG M jh ,zQSEG CG{p`H d HCG
MCGh ,GdG IOhH ebh ,jdG A JQCGh
QCG d .SG HCG dG f ,dG ,kHZ
MdG dG FGSEG MG a ,kGHCG b Y dG
.dG EG G de bSh ,JOh b c
,AdGh ,UGU jRCG ,Y H U ,IdG q Y
,fCG eH MS QJ
q L ,jdG FLh
,JcGP jJ g Gg ..G fG b Jh
EG iQCG ,OGdG e kU .jQJh ,SCG W
jOed eCG kGb kGTh ,kGQ Uh , dY bQR
.HCG aCG h ,Hd e VdGh
Y ,Y kGH L ,hH Ie hC dG jCGQ h
,QRCG Vh ,WdG FGdHh ,jdH kGQe ,ae
,eCG ,HdG Y eCG MGC h ,AH jHR gOh
AGQh keOb jh j G X EG iQCG M ,eCGh
Yh SSCG ,HK G dh ,G KfCG G .aCG
,zGOJhCG G Lh{ :b dG fBGb dGh ,JK
:dG gCGh .d M a ,G eCG ,e OJhCGh
dG dG HT h ,AdG EG bQR G
a U) zdG{p`H hG HC G dH bTG
J eGC fch ,g g QgdG H h ,(bQdG
eCG HdG IcGP c .kjH hHCa ,kjCG ,dH He
.JcGP ZU j c dGh ,Me ae

IG hJ ch ,kfMCG ,Ic G hj c l jZ
AT fb e dG dP H dG .kfMCG ,ge
b dh ,kYb d CH YCG ch ,kGH ch ,1986
QGZCG ,aU fc e ,J e H , g
GRS db e Y J OCG dh .dN Z gj
c{`dG e Fc ?H{ :zdG gdG{ JS
fdG e J Ie :Ye bW .z!IG e cCG ,zfc
dGe d qY qeh .kMU SOdG M dG H
c ,kGJJ JM zbEG d{ cCG ,kGHCG f H e
,NdGh ,ceCG IdG e QGhO H Th ,QfCG
gPCS{ :b ,MCG YCG ,e N f Yh .cdGh
.zfb e CG a ,H EG
bJ ,zY{ f e J ad HUCH j c
gh SfjO dEG bQ J IH bh ,GSH
Af Jh ,dGh jdG HdGh HdG jOhCG j
e f{ :dG e gTQ a bh bj jGY
Y fDj fCch ,z!H Y K h ,LQ j jdG
dH T fC Ma .fa Ic f dG Ia
CG e W fCh ,MGh e Y e fCG CG ,zf{
fG ,NBG dN LQ e dN LQ jM f Y KqMCG
M MCG { :bh ,SCH
q GE a ,gdG e QU
fCGh ,zjG{ e fCG c .z!LQ j ,dG J
HdG d La .eUh ,kFGO ,zAdG{ e
.eG H G IdG
J IQbh cGO e a cd jFGO aM Y b
dG a jh ,dG AGVCGh dG GQhCG Y
.MGh e OY e IeN IQaf M cH ;AhH
ec fCGh ,ICah ,qdG bGe fGh ,ke c
:jZh ge jDhQ jCGQ ,YdG
e ,e JCj fCch hj QH e ,IU ke
,IU j J AGOS fcH S GP ,QN
j eZ U ,dG YCG ,S hCG S
AGOS Y bah ,aT IN a ,H dj kGYh
NS A b b de dGh ,IBG c e
QH e Yj ,fh ,LRW ,jb Hh ,HUh
eCJ dG dG dG J g L CG GHh ,NS
Rg .AS h VQCG ,H ,g J M , dG
.q Y e jDhdG H ,kY dh ,Je SCGQ

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

.b h ,cM h ,M c ba ,bSGh
jQCG d bh ,CG h ,G e eCG aO
.kGH e K ,Rj kM eO e qT Y G W
ZCG j fH TCG CGHh ,f M bCG h e
jT Y kGq S e ,IQe ,Le ,AbQR ,zRH{
:gT g ?fdH J T Y S g .zq T{
a UCGh NCG e jZ j fd SQ dh
e NCGh ,dG e NCG U .eh L VH
J fCG{ :Ie fa eSQ db .dG
.z.. EGh J EG :dG
,TCH Je H .ec eh ,f e q aCG Uh
,zjCG{ :NBG eRh iNCG IQbh iNCG je JLh
e ICGeG e h JCG ,1979 ,I G j dG
.(Qe SG) zQe{ YJ dG
e T ILCG aJ fc ,a dU H dG
IMhh ,qdG hCG dG Y QJ h ,YLEG eCdG
JCJ eYh .Qjf Ve Y jh ,e
JGQf N J YCG fc ,ea zSg Hf{
,Ijh a ,kN kT CGQ fCch hJh ,jFGdG
Y dCS .dG Jh iNCG ad gJh cJ K
gOj zke{ J fCH db ,dG J j

ICGeG db .dG eCG M dGh eG J Qb

jGhQ CGb g{ :eG FQ e Vf jQg
T J fCG{ :db .z?GP ,{ :b .z?Sh M
UUQ H HNh .zaYCG { :b .zH YJ a
f EG GTDe ,bh ,eGhdG j jJ GP HGN
gfCG d L db .zg kjJ fCG{ ,eGhdG Sh
,H e LJ ,fCG jCG jJ J eO e{ :GHCG
.e M Y dSH HG ,b HQ H Q ,e ej
.zYCG CG MCG
T j :Gg H MCGh ,zSh M{ CGb
,GHCG Jh ,HdG h ,QdG j ,M
dUh ,AH L H k FGO , jh
.MCG Gg H ..ebEd
dG ,Jd ,g Uh ,ec GS K H
QG OCG SGQd ,kGj 1985 jO ,VG
Y b Uh .NOCG eL dK ,TGh eL
Hc a ,H aCG c AT h ,H OG
.V GdG dh ,d dSQ
,AG b ,zG dG L{ a SCG c
H e NO Ie .a jHdG bG JCG Uh
uj ,kY T zHd{`dG EG LQG LdG

,kfMGC h ,zadG RL{ NGO e zcQjf d{`H

.JCS AT e gQj G AG J
aMh HQg cJ fCH kGQe kM fch
jh ,e f a he L a jT e NR
OY{ :cQjf H ,YdG d j K ,dM dG
fCG SGh eMCG qM .zUG d d
H ,jdG fEG Ga Y kf kf kGQfG J
.jhfS j c ea j
JG h ,a d J dG G Qe e QR
fe fjH MGSG U h ,dGh ,IAG
,kUCG dG RL EG ,kGH jCGQ ,YUG QgRh
fj,zJdGh TCG e je{ EG dM QgJ
.g zGhGN{`dG
Ib jCG hCG QdG hCG dG Cch hj zFdG G{
S f abh Fa ce kje M iNCG
fCG dG AdG S CG hCG ,dG AdG
zGhGG{ dh ,gY e FH VQCd GH

G ,ICa .d Y jh ,jh ,TDjh ,f

ka ,e j SCe{ :bh ,eeCG Je fGh f
e QCG h ,aYCG .zkGL ,kGL ,SCe kGL ,SCe
k gGQ J GP h ,SC j GP QOCG h , b
eY qY ..zFa dM{ .jH eeCG j kdKc
,Hb IdG jh Hhc H j ceCG AHc
:ec Y Yh .zFa dM{ : dG YCG
.zfdH eZ QT jh{
NGhCG HCG e e a . j ,k jCG ,G gh
hOe ,edG H ,VG dG S
gCG bh .HCG c ,b ,W N e f
hCG ,Y SCG IH j c ,kGMGh kU YGOd FHbCGh
dG A gT Z dG J ,NCG .L Y q j
,Mfh , Y H dCG ,z dG G{
.ke QJ c IdH Y ghqLh
VHh ,b Z ah ,gH UCG Lh .QhO ALh
,e H jZh cGO AGN Hh ,e T

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

EG CG CGHh ,zVh bW{ QUh ,L Y h

.GdG jGe e IdG j e e AH AGU
ZQa je JCG c ,G iDhQ H TGh
Y CGb c ,MCG Sf e je ,fEG CG e ke
e ccOh ,Sf e UQCH ,zdh d dCG{
a CG ,dG ,kfMCGh ,Sf e Th ,Sf
,jGe f Mh ,kGL AGN , AGN AGVCGh
.MCG e eh ,jGe ,jGe
,dG Gg S TYh G MGV M d
K zjGhdG M{ iQCGh ,NCG AdG JCGh
K .e UCG d d L e jQY Af
gGQCG c ,H zMCG{ cCG .JGf OQJh ,q
.QGZCG J dh ,a N ,dG gP
Y ,e FGO LR H kfe MCG c hCG
,ICa ,e AGN HZ e L Y j L b
,N W jh ,SCGQ UUQ qN j J
,AHh ,QG f Ge ,dG jh ,gCGh
HdG f fCG fCGh ,jh ,dG AH jc
,fe He iQCG ch .ah e gCGh dGh
eCG dG GdG fae ,AbQRh AGUh AGN
fCG H j h ,G e kFN cCG dh .Y
.L dO Gg CG Qh ,LCS
.ze{ j CG M CG AGQh JG b Y c
kGL kGc J b c ,GS K RhJ Ia
ObGh ,dG Yh ,dG :kGL IYe M
VjdGh ,WSCGh ,jQdGh ,OCGh ,SdG
deh ,SdGh ,HOCG dGh ,QG dGh ,dG
..SGh ,dhdG
q Y ..(1975 U ) a gCG IQjd LQ
Sd .N M QZ e Qj OeQ GJ ..IdG
TCG hCG OSCG Th ,SG T d fhH L
dG Mh ,fSCG ,JV ,jZ e ,e
c ,eMCG a ..jZ H j dG HdG
.jQdG dH MCG
GHh .zAHdG{ g gCG :ke fG cGQOEG qC ch c
e GhDhL fCch - FbUCG ,gCG ,HQbCG - SdG ADg
HfGh .IcGdG b e c e hCG ,QTBG dG
Sh b T Y ,ke ,JCG :GQOEG Ga Hf
,jCGQ ..He jh ,Cjh ,TDjh ,j ,TCGh
,YS f H ?g eh ?jCG dh ,Q HS IM
e ,ke HJ , Y HG ..zjdG{ :SG gP
,ke LdG cCGh ,ke SQd gPh ,dG
kGcCe cCG ..Y JCG h ,a GS K baG
ec a H qGE f .z?jdG fCG g{ :dCa ,iQCG
.zfCG ,BG{ :b K ,I
Y JCG :Uh e ej H dG e HCG OW
UJ .zH{`c M h ,zH{`c H Y h ,zHCG{`c
YG{ d bh ,NdG aa eCG e JOc
.Oa ,za j NO h ,a
EG zMCG{ c ,IQjdG g b ..HGO d LQh
zLe{ J IcGdG Hh ,zH{h ,zWh{
hCG j CG ,FGO ,HK AT EG ,gGh G
,M X Y e OH j c c .zfGa{ j
,ge - OH ,Yh ,gP GSCGh ,IQHh ,f a
G ,ICah ,HK ,HK bCG Y dh
zdG{ Y IdG ,j AT c GC Hh ,YCG f
j ,d MGS gCG kGH QU Y ch .bZ
.dG X Y UGb

16

a ,zke S ..W{ :bCG CG Uh ,jOa

Ga ,zfCG f{ d bCG CG Uh ,FS zYe{
zdhdG f{ fCG CG Y Ja ,jOa Y AGYG
dhdG M ,NBG dG J gh ,H UG
.T fG
e ,dG aZ H Y .ejGC Z d aS
dG Z bCGh ,jG e KK M hCG GOQR ,NGdG
bQ M EG Oj IW a dG Cch ,OdG
.G jdG a IU bQh Y G ,WdG Jg
EG AL ,S d f { ,Je Qe J
,NGdG dG d j Och ,dG N hMh ,T
.z..WdG Jg
,Zd dGh H S e fCa ,H bG
jdG Y L ?gY HDG dG e CS ch
e IOY a ,qc dG zJ{ d .aCG
,c Y .c zjOVG{ VhCG NG dG
e Hf NOCG U fCG M EG J JCG c
c ,J c ,M c MCG CG q Y c .QEG
eCGh .f Y KCG CG QbCG CGh ,cM c , M
h ,zjg H{ fC e LhJ fCG Y JG Wh
N zjg{ jCG d ,M Y fc Qh ..zfCG e{ YCG
j zfHR{ EG Wh ,AH EG dM
q eCG ?Q
.Jh !eCH L bY j CG gY
e jM T SCG a S IY H JLhh
Jh ,cG dG GQ S N HCG M
:T ,GP NBG , c .G e h
rnJ e kGW GhdG bQR {
re hCG V AT
a ,jM N VQCd jh
.zr be d j q dG fQCGh
NBG ,zbGdG{`H Hj N NBG aCG fCH QT d c
.zG Y HG{ :bCGh ,kd ,IBGG MCa .N
cM ,qc zHdG dG{h ,ejCG dG GQ j c
,ddG h .ze Me{ Yj FGSEG Y
CGb ,hdEG PGPQh Te jJ AV Y ,kd
,dG e JQG GP QOCG h ,T Y k
.zG Y HG{ :kjCG ,e M ,d bh
Sgh .zbGdG{`H U Ga Y ShSh e ThJ
j e ch ,eGhCGh ,GHG jQJh ,zFbdG{`H
d gd EG d ,c zHdG dG{ Mh IQGOE
AG e bGdG Gg dh .zbGdG{`H U Y j fCG
bGdG dfG ch ,QGSH e djh ,HUCG H
,SdGh ATCH dH Sg OGRh ,ah OGR ,cCG
.zbGdG{`H U Y j d
HZ :zV{ EG G j jM N OQCG f
V gh ,a HdG j e Meh .bTh
Y dH Sgh ,QGSH jj H e dJ iNCG
hCG :V OQCd{ :ahG fdG ZCG j
b d ,f OQCG f NG dh .zd iNCGh ,d
bT{ f Me Y h ,V N ,q dG fQCG
EG G T fG :ce jQ dGh .zHZ e
dG Y J T c a ,zFa{ dM V
EG dG c ,e YN ,e z{ e H h ,iNCG
ZQ dG z f{ e J dG
.MGh eh ,MGh jeh ,zMGh L{ ,dSG
OQCG f a jMh N e U L YG g
,d dG e kLQN ,j g e ,YNh ,f
kNGO ,j g eh ,MG b jQdG M e

17

h ,e zcg IFW{ Y Jh ,M J fc
J fCG a IY J e .GdH IFdG g aCG
ke RCG h c .zcg{ IFW e kZ cCG CG
,AdG eZ ,AbQR ze{ :NBG kT d jTa ,kee
c ,AdG dP h .dG aZ gjS a Y
YJ ,iNCG ICGeG fCG h ,J Ff gh bGQCG
,iNCG MCHh ,NBG H ,iNCG ICGeG J ,ze{
MCGh ,NOCG fCGh ,G Jh ,NBG kLQ LJh
EG Jfjg e kGc a .SCGh ,QRCG AdG
eh ,GPh ,M d JCJ jCG e :IFdG g b
.eCG H M EG YO M ?g e g
e SGh jM dM ,SdG dG e IMGd H
a .b N e H W ,Ue Y
IFW JCG M keJ gP c .b g dH
AGdG Ib e Ha ,Hb MdG gh cg
.bGQh ,dG b e EG jdGh
IM ,AGT Iah ,AGOS dH fCG T JLQO Y f
,IFd cQh dG e Qe LNh ,dh Lh
AGdG J aQ :jZ SW .AGdG J e fJh
:f Y aYh ,FGM b bh Qe b
Qe :Y UCG ,dEG j .zQe NCG ,e{

L e QO ,VQCG S Y J
,zOL ah GM { QU UN QO ,fGO
j MCG c ,b c ,JdGh TCG e je
Y kge ka jCGQ kM) .a ,FdG N
.(zdG{ hCG zjhCG{ Yj zGhGG{
HCG H e W gh a ..b Qe Mh
N Yah Ye fG K ,QGdG OJh ,eCGh
AGGh AGdG QgdG JJ :IQe jQ zc{
YRJh ,bH zeDG{ H j iNCG GdCG jCGh
a{ e S S H .dG AHCGh dG e Y
EG jdG c e gf ,gGH kaGYGh ,zG
.Qjf :dG gG je cG dG e
Y dG e S H ,f zQgdG gGQ{ Lhh
jj ce H ,zc{ d ,zOQdG e U{
e T L eh ,GQG jRJh AdG e T
e Y K GQ ga dG dhM .zFdG{
H ,a b ,G iNCG d YGh ,hj
,T fGh ,FGMh ,MS Hh SGM
AGN{ geGC d ,k e M QU M gLNC a
.Wh eCG :jN kGjh ,zdG
c fC hCG ,IG e kSCj eq GE ,hf CG Y VY

aYCG CG b q Y e jH eCG YJh .!NCG fCG

d ..zkGPT d ,kWh ,Qe hR ,M Ggh{ :H
!IfG eCG e fGN JC ,GPT c
jEG dCSCG GDS CG Y HGL GC J Qe CG M c
jCGQ e{ :z..eCG dCS ..W{ hCG ,zeCG db ..W{`H
jCGQ eh{ .zeGC dC S .. W{ ,z?AG dG Q g dG
U Qj ,gHCGh .AH Y ..zeCG db ..W{ ,z?G
a ,YS e J CG ,LMG EG ,e jC c IMGh
gh ,IMdH jJ ,M j ,Qe{ :S ,YS
RL{ e j ke S EGh ,zUG e
,jg dM d Jh ,cQjf H z a dG
,Qjf e e J ,M j ,Qe{ :S
.HCc ,kGL jOa g Qeh ..zUG e gh
dhdG Y zJb{ a f fC fL L Ie
.LJ gh NU ,zd eGqN d fCG{ .G
..W{ :bCG CG jOa bQZ G Y U
eCG ,fCG zjOa{ Y RJ a Ga ,zdhdG qfCS

,JgGQ Y kGQgR U a e uRj e QhO dCG

qa .K CH dG ICGeG jQCG c fC hCG
fCch Hh ,LM a ,gH zec S{
gT NCGh ,gP f cdG HU
.HCG e Qe T
.eCG fEG bh Y dGh fdH k MS kGQT T
ah EG ,jb ,S T CH SMCG c Q
,kFL ,GhdG H dM .zeCG{ fEG bh ,dG
eJCG c YCGh ,zdG Y{ S bZ c fC
.zFa dM{ ,f fCG ,fC ,kFLh ,e
c{ CSh ,d GP a Ad Wh eCG YO
,J Qa dM c a GOGQCG .z?eJ
jha Yj e eH CGH CG ,Y Y Jh ,cJh
:b .z?eJ c{ .g Y J h ,zfCG{`H
f fCG fCG bCG g ,Ge j h .zfEc{
,gh fCG ,H Mc , CG ,zfEG{ g fCG CG ,zfEG{
.Vc dh ,H ,ke

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

:M c kZV bh
.z!M j G Y gdG e{
.kbWEG kT aCG h .Gc Y SCG Ie hCG
IH ,HCc Y bqMh bh dhd LQ
:b K ,e U eh .ec
.z?Gh gdG H dG eh{
YCGh ,e H jH a HCG c U eeCG c
H dG aM Y b .fa N ah ,FS
cG Y jH e a e H eQh ,RGTG e
,dhdG Y QdG dG eQ K ,HH ,QdG QRCG
:dEG kGTDe bh ,eeCG
.zgdG g Gg{
:cCGh ,cG Y Gh FdGh dG jH EG QTCGh
z!G g Ggh{
i g e :BG kSe c ..Se FGO G{
z?gP
!h :Yjh qj Qa ,Ve Y Zd GS gP{
.zOb YR :G g Ggh !h !h !h
Y jh dG eH kGb kfGS Jh
!h YGR dG Y jh HZ a IMGh LQ
:bh ,V !h !h
zGg jJ{
Gg J .he GS gP ,M j kjJ d{
..MhQ IQfEG Y kH PH jO EG AL dG dG dG
Yh ,JjcPh ,HGYh ,Ve Y gGd hj bh
j gGdGh ,hjh ,hjh ,hjh ,jd LM
Sh ,dG W .dhdG Y a dG jh
LdGh ,j gGdGh ,VQCGh G Y dG
a fG kGNCGh ,G M EG ,hjh hjh hj
?a dG UGJ GP ,dG e dG W :gGd
ZaCG ,Ae ,dG Gg j gP) :gGdG Oa
z(kGjL kjT d UCG c ,a
z? CG J{
aa ,fgEG e bCG d ,LQ j , ,f{
Ae fa C ?GP QJ g . d , T
.zZaCG ..dG jH
Jc GQhCG e ec Y c
q Q f kVZ fh
,Y jh QdG e j c ,IQbh b
aY ,kb kHc e S K ,a j NCGh
Yjh ,G OdG Y jfCG G Y fCG kM
Y jH SG gh ,z dG ICGG{ ,zeh j e{
hCG zIMdG{ e ASC ,LdHhfCG , dG
d ,e GC j CG j c g QOCG h ,a .zIPG{
bQ j fCch ,f bdG ,GHh ,a qj c
IU c Y bh j q e .dhdG Y eeCG T
:bh ,AH f AGdG aQh ,HUCH GdG e
.zFGQBG e CGQ Gg{
,ec IHh ,cG Y gh T H ,eQh
:eZ ib e gQh jZ Y JU h
zJjf e jf gh :LQ j hGh !hGh{
..kfK kGM eQh
zJjcP e icP gh{
..kdK kGM eQh
zeMCG e M Ggh{
..kHGQ kGM eQh
zYLhCG e Lh Ggh{
QU M IQH ej q Xh ,keN kGM eQh
:bh
q GE f K ,ZQa bdG

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

,zfRGJ{ Y Y BG N e J dG adG
Z ,H j ,BG fCG eh .zjQdG e JCj g Gg
jCG e !? jQJ gP e L cj
M !dEG j .?H j RGe jQH hCG ,RGdH
..J dG
,b OSCG jH Y h ,bdG GW ,j H c
H j CG Tj dG QS e jS Y Cch
NCGh .qj ,bJ e Y Yh ,ec fCG .OOjh
YLG gP{ :IMGh L b K ,H J ad j
,zYLEG q dG EG ,q T c YQe SCG fCGh ,LQ j
.iNCG Ie WCGh ,a e dG a Hh
QRCGh T Aa Y aO Me SGh T N
Y CJG .dG QWEG Je c g GHh ,eZh
.N S b eS OQh IT eCJ MSh ,aM
H N ?c IQdG g ,g Y HCG dG e
IT gGdG d QR W a ,b U jO Y a
c ba j CG d bh ,za fc{`dG Y HQd ,OQh
j QUh ,kdY IOQdG S M ,YCa YCG ,j
.e ch e c ,pb H
dG ,zdhJ{ e Y NGB H Gg cPh
qj PH gGQ Y IcGdG GC gG a jH ,dG
,jdG a ,a fdG Y aXCG ef e kHT
j K ,gP e dGe f a kS gGdG jh
j CG jh e cCG j MCG BG Lj :d
iNCG je NBG gGQ EG ,dG Gg kGjL kT
.z?aYCG ch{ .fGY YCGh ,dEG gPG ,dG bCG
.gGdG qOQ ,zY Ha ,NBG dGG f Y{
Y j dG GdG CG j ,IOYG jG h
GYh ,ec IH jG J AKCGh .OLe Z
,Y J OJh SGh Yb HY ,WN
GH b a ,j Ojh ,QGhdH jh
e e ,M c ,ia ,S fCch a d
g fCG ,NBG dGG f fCG e :H j zdhJ{
.e cCG j CH j dG MdG
gPCGh ,JM AT c JCG CG MCG fCGh S e
g e NCG h ,a fdG JCGh ,dG jO EG
zj{ CG ,e ,SdG e kYf g dh .kGHCG
AT CG LCG e ,b IQP NB ,c ,JM c
H ,dG a idc ,zke{ j CG Qbh ,fdG
f h ,kGf hCG hL d JGb c MJ CG
fCG YCG .a T h Y LQ MGh G ,e zG{`H
,b H EG T CG LC j dG dG Gg e
H EG ,Gg dG f e JCJ QhT ch ,cCG Y
.e MhQ AGU EG Gg UhCGh .kUCG b CG jd
e e :Gg JM c ,cJh ,cJh ,cJh
f g OJ ,iNC OJ Ia ch ,zjcdG{
,kGHCG bO d JcGPh ..`d f g OJ ,iNC
, HGC h ,MCGh ,qeQCGh , a q ZGC h q HGC e IOYh
aM Y SCGQ Vh .Ggh ,Ggh ,jcP NCGh
CG dhMh QRCG AdG ZCS fCch dG
.kGHCG kT cJCG
:H b .fgEG gh ,kT j fd ICa fG K
z!ec Y J ,H{
bQ SCG h ,LQ j IG e bQ T d{
ze bQ
Lh ,gMh J ,g OQdG Ic ,Oa e{
.z?bQ jCGQ e d ,gMh J CG e
,dG Hh ,zY{ f e J ad
s d

b jQdG j S e , d dG e
e EG hd h N d g e h , MG
.ea Vh iNGC T EG hCG T
,e EG Qe e ,dG jJ g zL{`dG
GJh iNCG T edG Y J M ,ke
jG Yh ,a Yh ,edG Y J cCG ,hCG
.dG GQ :e e Meh fCG SCG c dG
cCa ,NBG AT h e h H Hh ,ejCG LCG c
FGQ JCG e dEG j ,kej H hCG f H H
NdG Y e Ie ,jhN Ie AdG dG
,jRH eL e kdW c jU YOh ..JdGh
HCG M e jG dG J T e dG EG
.M H SCGh ,WCG T .dG N
a NCG A Z GP jQCG Y fCG JLhh
.zOY{ d hCG zjOY{ aZ dh ,ddG
.zG{ g ddGh
,kMe G j dG cJh Z e d
:M fh ,hdG N AT e kJe SGh
NBG kT jCGQ jJ ,N e Y ,jdG b
jW eR e g c fCH GHh ,Y f ,j
bH ,QH T CG ,jCGQ kjJ .Ff fCGh bGj
jh ,g j c G HCG CH T c ,G
,bdGh ,icdG KJ ,jQdHh ,g IBGG
Cc SdG kdL HCG ij kjJh ,JG QMh
fG iNCG T NGO fCH T .g e
.hCG Y dSG d iNCG T Cc hCG dG
Th Yh ,OQCG H J fCG :G Y HG{ b
.zV EG fG
dG{ jGhQ e NCG dG c ,ddG dP
j T ,NBG M c ,zOQCG d d dG
H fQCG cM ,G ,kd ,jh ,e Me
jdG f e ,ch .zbGdG{`H Hj N NBG j
,L fCG f c ,a Ib ,d YO dG
:JGQdG Q gjgCG
rdG dG g NOCS{
rfdG JGP a JdG b JCS : GJ
.zjhe GN hCG QGG QGUEG
q h LN EG NCGh
,ejCG NBG h .e dG dG Th Y c
HCH be H e MG g ,f ddG
,ceCG dG Y N e fM M ,OSCGh
,zdG Ie c e j c{ a jCGQh S
,IH dj dGh ,cQOCG jhg a LQCJ fch
LQCJ ,Sh eh ,jZ U GP jQGe J eh
,OSCG S W AdG AGU FHc e H
J ch ,O J K NGB EG dG hCG e gJh
,e Qj dG G dG AdG J , be
L jQGG Mj c KCGh ,e fG Jh
JLa ,bh AH J ch ,e AT c ,kHgPh
S Y dG hMCG G a H Y ke
e h ,N Y AV Y ,eCG N
h qj H H G Md fG ,b
ke OSCG kLe jCGQ a Ig fGh ,ITe Lh
G e YH Th ,fK j c jh f j
.JCG c .dG a J c fG CG cQOCGh ,kbZ
kfGH kVY jCGQ Ie !RGdG EG qMCG c c dEG j
J Yh ,eb aJh gX Y J U :kU
dL HSG .dG j kgT keg jNCG jU
g ?M j J GP{ :e jU a ,fRGJh

18

.e K ,j e j fEG j c ,UEG
c J fc dG MhQ CG T ,dG g eh
Ia c{ H ZGa fG ,zkHZ{ QU ,UGe
q
IYe IU kGQL QU gP Cch ,ziNCGh
Z Ff Qe iNCGh IjG H ,e QRCG
fQe ,AT aYCG e c CG Th ,e
e gdG GaEG GfCG e kYf Gg dhCG .aYCG CG
ch ,gG SCGdG zC{ c g ?G
,zJ{ g gdG .LCG INCGh ,G e zZJ{
fEG S j ,GL b c hCG ,z a e{ dh
f M ,zJ{ gdG , dEG j H ,JG
?bJ e jj GPeh ,j EG dh .e
CG{ .a f Zh ,SddG e f c a
dG H aG Tj
u LM CG Lj qGC ,dG iJ
..VdG Gg ,VdG Gg fCG ,dGh
.dG EG j I Zh ..z..
f ceCG T dG e c .d H EG YCG
,e QT dh ,d eCG L ,TCGh jWh
,e ,IdG SCG NBGh ,kGL kjOYh kW h jh
GH ,IH J YCH ,LdG je ,dG Mh
kGMh j CG j fEG NCG b .GQG Y ee
:kd H
jQY L Af e HS iQCG ,kGMh cCG M{
f H SQh) b ,Gg ,Gg ,eeCG AH b
EG jh ,dG A dG jdc ,(IFGO
,N Y d ,dH bCG ,H ,N Y JCG ,H
z..Gg ,Gg ,b gGQCG ,M Y H
.H ,zYCG ,LQ j YCG{
:kge dCS
.z?GPe J{
,dG HdG e j dG NGdG QdG EG QTCG
:bh ,Qbh e QRCG c Gh
e ,jQYh b Af J ,QdG Gg Y ,kfMCG{
,zG{ SCG ,fS ,dN q e e bCG
..kMV ah ,zN fS ,e ,LQ j e
:dCS
z?H J GPeh{
.z!LQ j H j GPe CSG{

19

.NGd J LQG IQGG dh ,eY e kGL

CG dhMh ,SddG e zf c{ H dCGh
Y kN kGf S M qY ZCG cCG .ZCG
j{ :qfD e j H Sh ,QG e qLLdG QGG
.zkjZ kT jQCG CG jQCG ,J !HCd J fCG ,LQ
e kT qC ch c ,JU If eh ,ehb e La
TDj c .N LNh f .keZ kT ,e M
:jh , Xh .a ,N bRCG f ,e H
M h ,H M h J ,H M h J ,M{
.zMCH h ,H
hjh ,H eO h ,jh ,kGRhe hj ch
HZ EG Uh .M GPe QOCG H CG fCGh ,kFg
hj AGh ,ke fG dG ch ,SGh Ae cH a
:b .cdG b jDhQ SCGh ,kaU
zdG ,g ,g fG{
:b ..NBG T QCG h ,VH dG jCGa f
zdG fG{
e ,Y ba ,ec IM c ..fK fh
:bh ,YeO
z?dG jCGQCG ,M{
zf{
z?ke VGh dG g{
zf{
z?dGh dG H LM CG J CG{
z!{
z?dGh dG H AT CG h{
.z!{
ZV bh e Lh b ,ec a H a bMh
c dG iJ CG ,VdG Gg fCG{ :M c
.zSQdG fG .cdG g AG b iJ
FH qS e aCG d ,kGL kSQO ch ,SQdG ah
ffEG g Y{ :LCa j pd dCSh H Iqe .kGHCG
h ,HS AH Y GL Gg dh .z!LQ j bdG
.Mh eh ,cdG aM Y cJ ..BG Fd J
f ,ICa .aCGh ,cdG bGQCGh ,j bGQCG bh
:iOfh bJ .e kHe RCG BGQh d
IdG H :
r f Jh QaCG J gP c !LQ j{
q gh .z
r j d dG g iNCG IdG Hh hCG

.zG e gdG GaEG Yj Gg{

ah
q . aGC ,k e , bGC C H ,cCG RG SG OQCG
ODJ eG Ia ,aCG dh db e Uh .SG
Mj CG e cPCG ch ,bGg b c ,dG EG
:eL Z e Hf bh ,j e dG dCa ,dP
..fa H e j ch f IG :LQ j SG{
.zU fa
: ie bCG EG Z aOCG CG kjhf ,Ahgh jH b
.z?a g eh{
q Y eCG q g K ,kZQa T a MCGh d b
:bh
z?Gg e{
za{
,a a kjT J CG J c EG kfa J g{
z?ke ,J Y hCG Ib dh
z{
hCG Ae dh ,a a Ib J CG J c EGh{
z??kfa J g ,ke ,kGY
z{
z?GP{
W eh ,e Ga a j CG dG W e C{
zjQCG e a UCG CG SCG CG GdG
j CG gdG W e .gdG fa :gdG g Gg{
CG a J C kHb j CG GdG W eh ,kZQa
.jcP hCG ,QT hCG ,ae hCG ,ge hCG ,jf hCG ,CGQ
dG dGh dG H c Gh gdG H q e
.z!LQ j ,dG
.e c c e iNCG Gd GY e j c b
hCG ,Fc hCG :ATCd a jW e kge ch
,JM Y d jhQ AT CG h bj ,
.edG jOU zJcGP{ H dCG CH Y jh
: b f g .HQ e JcGPh ,H g fEG
:kGe b .zSe eh e HQ{
.z?Z fCG J CG ,f bJ fCG{
:Lh a
Y ?j Th .f bfCG ,f ?f bfCG g{
bfCG f ?f bfCG g ,f gP ,f gP e
j r M bh ,gP e S Y ?j Th !f
a GPe ,LC fCG a e Gg !f d aCG fCGh LQ
.z?gG H JM S g ?d fCG
fC ,Y Lh ,Jc e Je Y LH T
JM q L bCG c :gGQCG CG jQCG M b
IGh ,zedG IG{ Yj aJ f ,gG
jGhQ e J b ch .a HOCG N c edG
IS MCG YCG ,ee fCG ze Q jW{
.gJ Yh Y S a GOY
z?aCG GPeh{
c ,S IY b .T qJ CG j kT J CG{
,dEG gd kGL JCg bh ,zjg QL{ e
j kYe gGQ ,ae J ae ,kgGQ a YCG
,GL JCg fEG H g d S ,dEG HCSh ,LQ
.zg gPG
e NBG CH Th .ka dGh ,dH TCG CGH
Gg MCG fC ,CH ,jg EG gdH f
qgh ,H qGE f .H EG LNh fPCSa ,LdG
.Vj h ,SCGQ
EG Gh ,k e AG dGh ,k b kGOQ H G c
OWCG fCch ,kjWh kNS zkThO{ NCG .jOSCG

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

J M ,zdG SW{ g ..c zHdG jg{

M ,dG Gg e zS{ H dGh .Qd IdG
eY e GP ,e e k r ne I N c aGC
MCG hc fGh JOGQEG QfG eh ,FG
,fMCG ,kFP JCG c .a e bb NGO EG
e SCGh ,kd ,IYdG Gf f gCG CG H dh
,H T eCG ,hdG kbGh JCG c ,SCG
T H U dh V G .M YCGh ,J Y
j kjb H U dh V fdH QdGh ,hfCG j dEG
dh V f Yh AT CG Y dGh ,h fGC
,fb e dG dP BG g gh .ke H U
ae ,N jCG fCG fCG ae :NBG jH j
.f bQh ,IOe SH iNCG
W Y Ie ,YSEG j ,MG G KM
GP dCS ,QGdG j ,dG GQ e
kdEG UCG CG fhjj { :b SdGh dG e dG
:iNCG IOGQEG
q Qj dG dP g gh .z e
,gCG fCG JOGQEG ,e kdEG J CG jJ CG fCG J
jdG e dH bCG ,S ,qH j fG ,Sh
JOGQEH ,e ej ,kGM S j a RH H
.FdG :HQd dBG b g g .NBG AT h ,fCG
:H dCS
z?j SW ?N ,kjCG ,fCG fCG ae S g{
zMCG jg HQ c{
z?c{
z? GM CG{
zdG{
?cJCG ,d GP QRCG FW AL .. a{
z
q GE HG !jQCG
:e be Qa .kT aCG
z?e{
.z?J g ..HG ..dH ITdG ,kd ,kGZ{
zdG{ d HCG c aCG fCGh Ydh .kjZ c jM c
,ddG dG ,kGNCGh .dH ITdG ,YG Y
e Y fh ,kGe ,j JLh .H d gP
:dG dG QS L jY j c ,bh
z?L ,gCG{
zf{

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

..G NOh .zU j CG d M h SCG d{

Ae Gb ,J LK ..AT ..AdG TCG ..U
.OY Z AT ,U , ,N ,G e J
.JGQdG H d .LQh dG HT
,z e{ IOGQEG e J JOGQEG CG j dG d
,zN kjCG{ fCG j VZ Q IOGQEG EG ,zFN{
dH M M Gg c H ,qY c CG H G Oa
,IdH b Jj JGQdG Sd .GdH He
Y Ae H J a ,qa e SEG e YH
fCGh ,aeh dY HT e NJ jdGh ,dG
g .k bY fCGh ,LgCGh ,G e zq M b{
ae J fc e ,f SdG Ff zIcGdG{
OBGh AGM e cCG dG dEG MdG dGh G
e hCG ,Mh HCG JGQdG dH d .G
IcGP Od ,qGE e IdG J d J ,
M J jg .zN jCG fCG{ fCH FV
Ie . c dh ,zQ{`c jg ,He
HV Ib EG ,GG M ,JGQdG e b
.H fCG Yb IH JJ
ddG dP e M e QGSCG H cQOCGh
K dCG C VCGh ,ke eCG c ejCG :dG GQ
fc jNBG zK{ CG b j b ch ,Z
,dH Jh ,N ,Jb eO e zY{
.MQCG Me ,a L Jb .e ,W fCH
e M ,FGSEG GHG fc c cJh
IQS b ,zIQS{ Y VJ ,a AS
jg e J Ib ,dG e ,j G
QfG GC j CG ,dG a ,G jg EG dG
.IQH ,G Y ke e Fc f Y Ja
zDG{ jRH zdhdG dG dch{ J c cJh
J{ Y e zScCG{ dG LdG Y
fEG j S Gg .gZ hCG IG jdG z..e
e zYdG{ MQ h ,dH ,eGc H fC H
dG e ,fdG e g dGh .jQWGeEG
.BG M G
jg QGZCG :jQdG zdG SW{ L J GHh
,SW d :edG SdG UJ Oa c
,SW Sd ,SW SGd ,SW IdG Gd
Hd ,SW Ghd ,SW d ,SW IOd
kGQf J dG GAjEG GfCG e f SdGh .SW
.kWe a XdG J
q dG
d VQ dG dP ,ze L e{ ,h fGC
,dG dGE e jW Th ,QGdG fGG
Y Se IgY LV M Jb a ,Gg FGdG MdG
U dh ,zV{ aG ,zj{ QUh ,dG dG
.e fCG zhQhCG{ Mh .zhfCG j dEG e{ H
b dG jDhQh :Je Qj M dBG iCGQ
hNBG gh ,e hQj jNBG iCGQ :kV J
,dG dG Ne Y .gQCGh ibCG fCH g eDj
S ,dG e kGNh QdG cCd dG S M
QU fC , Y Ib e ,FW EG zhR{`dG F W
.QZh d G N M a Y NOh ,zkV{
dG NJ fc ,zffCG{ dG jdG HdG Mh
dG TCG J ,HGH c Yh ,HGH HGH dG
U ,QdG LJ :zjR{ e k T dG
db ,GP dC S ch , S d ,gFb ,OQhR dG
M ,zdG dG SW J ,ffCG j CJ { :TCG
e H ,jR e a d e jQY G YCG J

K ,J ad j gh ,YeO df M dG ZCGh
,LQ j dH gP M Y{ :e Lh kHq e b
e fCG dG g GHh .zV Hh ,jL dBG
e dH ,iNC hCG gd fL e j
,q Y CH T .Wh Gh ,e hCG ,Y hCG ,TCG
dG ,f .Gg gdG dG J ,G e hd
.j fEH G Gg b dCG ,qgdG
Lh .NCG ,dP ZQ ,G e SCGQ T bh
,H e cCG ,kjCG ,G e bG TCG dG
,f b AGd S fEG b .kGL UCG L GHh
.e NCG CG Wh
,YdH T ,dH Aeh ,Nh SGh QT
YGQP dG j Vhh ,zj eC S{ : a
fCG c .FJ dhM .zL{ SG EG bh ,H dGh
Ggh .j GC H q edG G C ,kHe f
.Y eCG S GPe iQCG ,f hCG e ,fCG
ch ,bJ CG hO G eJ CG j ,dG
h . NCG G gh ,I G , bhCGh G eCG
c hG eCGh ,L M e IOdG SCG
H HdG a e JCG CG qYh .f ..H Y kbe
kGMh JCG CG dhM .bCG Y ,Gh dG
,q Y dG Gg e Af NJ eY dh ,jOSCG
QCG h ,a eCG a dh M ,LCS M ,LCS
.LCS ,kHS dh ,a IMGh NO dh ,LCS ,kT
:kGe kJ ze Q jW{ jGhQ e J c
YO{ :bCG dG Gg e fL QaCG H N EG
h ,MCG ,gfCGh !M fG ,a J ,z
a ,a aCG c aCG M h ,a hMCG
c e zdG GSG{ .AL c gJ cJCG
.Ge EG H aJ IjL bW EG d
HW{ e dj Af a zjCGQ{ EG dG e dh
dh ,Gg Y H GDS a ?NBG Y zY
dG Gg ,H{ :ke d b d .kGL S GDdG
,z?j J hCG e J c ,L a dG
,z?Gg e aCG AjEG jd d hCG ,LQ j{ : S
,FdG GH J , fCH qGE zMJ{ CG
Ia ,JOGQEG ZQ ,QJ , fC H M a
ADg ,ze{ fCa EGh ,f Y SCGQ zS{
a .Gg qOS fCG YCG c .Gb Y Jj jdG
,UJ b c ,dG H LQ h .iNCG U
gP M fG .Ice CG ,HQGeh de d
:dCSh ,HdG
z?IN H J c{
:U H bh ,a e dG Hh ,J ad TCG
.zN ,jCG ,fCG fCG a{
,dG GfCG e f zG{ CG Ia gP h
Q H ,ja d fCH zEG{ e H ,e hdh
.hNh Q hOUh
S N dG dU a SG d cJ
W ..U ..AG U IAVEG .Mh ch , dG GQ
,dG j G T S .iMCH ,U
,Me c G H ..OSCG ,jT f e fCG T
AHc ,L S Ijb ..iQCG h ,HQG dh
dhMh ,ihL H TGdH SCGQ Z .FGQh e N
OGR dG zJ{ dh ,zSgCG{ fCG bCG
Y e AdG zJGQdG{ He .QM
OT ,dh ,dEG b .OSCG GM bah FG
:kNQU G EG Gh .LQCG fCGh N Y GG

20

?cCG QU ,SJ fCG ,kjCG ,dP j hCG ,IjG

.zj GN SZdG EG b bGg
hCG ,zj{ e YCG c Y HCGh ,kGQe c
.zj{ :Y Yh .zj{ hCG ,zj{ hCG zj{
YCG L cJh .j CG g fEG LM YCG
QG gdG :SG dG AM Hc JCGb fCG
ZQ j dh iNCG T jC gQf J dc
.gQf dP
dG gdG .gd gQf a zJ{ T kedEG QCG
,j CG :ge a EG dH j zj{ hCG zj{
JQb :dH Gg a fCG HdG gdG eRCGh .jh
Jh ,zY N{ Y JQb a YCG .G Y
J Y JQb ,gCG Ggh ,H ,za j dG fdG{
c jL Y j CG Y ,zZdG IOYEG{ Y ,f
Z S f J Y JQb a gP ch ,d
SdG{ dG J IOYEG Y IQdG S .H
:zbT RL{ Ib e SdG g Y ch :zdG
r Gj VG e fa q d M eQ H{
H h ,kMhL ML Q GfCG HdG YQU
rN qY SGO Mh
r cYeh qRhEG YQCG c e
r d L
rf c e
hQJ Z e ,dG NGO dG zGdG{ c
?jCG dG Y
?jCG
.zrZ Uh f UCG CG Sg EG
:dG jDhQ JOhYh ,HdG jW J ,d
,Fe jh ,kdY j OeQ f fCG AbQR AS
YCS aGL ,JcGP aGL c ijh ,Fa YH
bq Mh ,HdG G ,g dG BGQh ,c ZU
f ,fGW UGh K ,eCj fCch GHh ,kb H
.f J IOYEG fa :H cCG e
zG SCGQ{ c ,Q ,ITdG Id ,CGbCG ejCG c
e dG Mh ,kd H H EG gPh .cQ
d IG !LQ j{ ,ddG jYb ch ,a
Y Hc e ej cCS dH bCG .fCG e cJ
zdH FGdG J
z?cQe CGb g{
zf{
z?a jCGQ e{
zT aa ,LQ j a d{
z?c a ..M{
zGS HQC SQO !LQ j kGRdCG c{
z?RdCG a g{
h ATCH OdG zM{ aCG CG :T e J{
YCG ,af Gg ,a MhQ J dG jdG GdG
zfdH OdG M
q M j J
z?BG fCG jCG ,CG ?a J dG jdG GdG g eh{
zOLH Y SM ihL {
z?Y d hj c YCG{
Y T j dG a .k T Y YCG {
.zWT Lh ..WGT
Y{ ,fe q J .zWT Lh{ L Jg
:iNCG Ia Uh .Lh :WdG f fCGh ,zdG
W fCGh ,hH M dG IOQe GC J fc
Heh ,kjQY WdG eQ M Y dL U
dG iQCG c .kFNh ge dG q MCGh ,H

21

z(CG MdG) Yj JM Y kHc cCS{

z?J h{
.zLQ j YCG fC{
QGT Jh ,dG e H Y e LN
OGS a dG X a bGJ IAe N
bJ M ,IdGh ,g dG b kbQZ ,SEG
fBG hQ{ Se JZh ,ah AGM IQS Hb
e kGMCG YCG CG jQCG h YCG fCa ,La ,zhQ
.dG g
Te TCG Th ,U LH ,L ICGeG q Y WCG
K Oj jdG Y FGhO SJ gP e Fbh ,ch
gT gh ,zY j J{ . dG a f j
.zaYCG { .z?aJ jCG e{ .a de H HGh
T .(kGL Z e) zH e{ .z?fCG jCG e{
Z AT a JU ,NOCG CG Jh J gh ,eCG
CGh ,zLQ{ fCG Ia H N ICa .e W
CG G T e c d ..EG d zchQH{ dG
gh{ .zY j ,BG{ .z?W fCG g{ :dCS .LCG
.z?Y j IMH j dG GP eh{ .z?IMdH jJ
JcJ h ,ke d KOG g H M e d
G{ ,kMU ,ej H H dG .JM GW
aGM , c zjQG{ e L c .zNCG
jh Nj b .Y Z h ,eh bh bh
AGN e GH dG dG JCG fCGh I dG
Oj .zfdG{ H e ,Qjf dG
MGL Y AGLE dEG JCj ,ke ,FHdG H CH
jCG h ,kGL L afCGh ,afCG
J dG MGL CG EG UJ ,Gdh .MGL
CG j ,jhdG dGh jdGh QH AcG
. d LH fCG CG zj{ dG gdG zJ{
kGjh .AGG IQdG WdG dP EG gP OTh
gj CG e cP a j dG iG :MGh GDS EG
dG Gg e kGL kGc jCGQ c .ICGeG fCG zJ{
,JcMh ,Sdh ,gT Ghq Z kLQ :IG jdG
,Sb af eGH fCG Y GVah ,ec jWh
kjJ G eh ,Af Gd AT c G ah
MGL H M Geb e eh ,AdG Y g
,d NBG zkgP GL{ ADg j .c zL{ d
L ZU IOYE AT H ejh ,kjfGC
.gdG L IQU Y j c FjdG
eGQdG QfG dCe eG HCG ejCG c
gdG j c{`H egG jGH e Ac ,jGhdGh
.ke JdG Ha ,zjQdG gdG fCG{ hCG ,zG
b{ j fc WdG Y j QfG gdG
f j CH e zkGeCG{ Se a Vh :zJbe
H FjdG L J a ,WdG eCG .e
gdG :JM c S Ia H Nh .j CG
c gh ,dG NBG c c ,e zJ{ d
.Yh f J j CG Y QOb
:H dCSh dG eQ
z?gdG g e{
za qj ah e e c .qe{
,fejh edH kJH j WCG ,kS d dh{
zkjCG
.zj c gdG iJ CG ,LQ j f{
:b K ,keR dGbCG OT
GJ HdG CG Vd .j c kjCG ,fCG YCG{
eG g zS{ gPh ,HH H AH e kGjL T

e fCch ,Ibh ,Ar Hh ,H ,VQCG Y dG LQ aQ

N jRCG Sh ,H VQCG V K ,M hCG jM
qb .ah , e j NCGh ,S fCch Aj
.gCGh ,gCG fCGh jdG H N eh ,JcM
,HZ G ,zH{`dG dG e kG J
IU jOS YJh ,e kaN dG Y QW Jh
dG Gg e ,jO dG BG ,h dG YC IYU
J fGPBGh IOQT J Zh ,hReCG hG
g jCGQh ,e f Y ke bh .N M e FN
.gCG Y JCG d da ,L H e Q b
:d b dG f fb
bR ,kGe d EG b hCG IG d JYO {
Y OQh V f ,e IS J a ,Nh e
z?g e hCG e ..HH
Vh ,ICGeG e .Ge d j ,b j M{
zgY b
z?g e{
S M ,LQ j aQh ,eG dW fc{
TdG H G b Y aQCS .ihL H
cCa ,kjCG ,fCG Wah ,dG e ah ,zH G
:Fa IH
z!gdH gP M d ,LQ j{
z??IdG J ,SG e d .YCG ,YCG{
..GfeCG Jh S X a bJ dCG ..GfeCG{
..GfeCG Jh S X a bJ G !GfeCG
..GfeCG Jh S X a bJ dG !GfeCG
..GfeGC Jh S X a bJ GdG !GfeCG
S X a bJ dG N dCGh !GfeCG
z!GfeCG .. GfeCG Jh
z?j GP HdGh dG bQR kGQq H c g{
,kbWEG d b T Lj :G j c d ,f{
aJ e Y S c eNCS ,S c N dh
.zJM Y
.SdG Y bCG ch ,kdY bCG CG EG SCG
z?Y aJ M fCG JM EG iJ ch{
fEG ,H :bCGh ,JM eCG fCG a kfMCG ,LQ j{
.zIG fj dG f dG AdG
:bh SCGQ g K ,IQG jW WCGh

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

z!Y UNh ,IH QT g IQGG gh dG GG Gg

z?G eh{
H :GH g .hH H g b CG a ,H g kGe dEG JCj b{
,jdG H dG fCGh .jGf H dGh ,M hCG .b Hh hH
z!LQ j L ,jGf fEG M e jGH L Ggh
.z?G V fdG eh{
:b K ,JM U KCG qMh ,dG jh J ad j gh ,jW WCG
.zkGHCG J CG G V fdG{
!j !j Gg{ :HCGh ,CGh ,HCGh ,HgPh L H dU QPCG CGH
QbCG ..EG GL AbQR YCG :H dG ,aM ,iQCG c .z!j ,WH
Y QbCG h ,djEG MGS ,Q ,jh H e GC j dG :jdG J Y
?jGf d bQdGh ,JG GH H zM{
rT dGh
!reCG j c
reO dGh
!BdG gM
rIOQdG dh
rG c d

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

,zkFGQ{ dG iQCG c .dG H dG iQCG CG a HL Iq e h ,kFGO dG H

GHCG QCG ,dh ,OQj GQCGh ,JGQGSG ,deQ ,T fG ,Le ,bQR iQCGh
.dG H dG iQCG L zWT Lh{h .zGj dG c{ c
e N e eGj eh ,FV QGb a SGh QRCG V qUbCG :kGH qJ
dG H H j c :AM qc ZdG dh ,G c h ,eGj YhH ,HdG
,QY ,e ,WT Y AGM H eO e UCG ,j W IOQ f IdGh
?JOQ dG dG Ib f J c ,kbZ G jh JdG jH Heh
:bh .kWe f fq c ,HZ T NOCG CGH
zkWT Lh ch ,OQj dG c ,d ..H{
zjGf SG{ :b
dG QUh FjdG L NG .dG H f qMCG BG fCa :gSCG fEG
!H ,dG fCG BG dG S d .ie kMhQ a SCGh ,kGL
.z!jGf SG{ : b
,dG Le jh ,Jh ,kGjhQ kGjhQ ,JJh J bQdG ,JQCG o GC H ,ICah
,G q Qjh ,QhTh ,aCG H M fCG H Cch ,QGZCGh ,H e JCjh
!eO hHh dG GC H b :bQdG JJh ,cCG dG d
.zjGf SG ,M ,jGf SG{ :b
j Sh fCG ,G ,fdG eJ ZdG ,dG ,G dG Gg c
d J eCG j e QhdG e S fCG dG Gg c ,kSGh ,ke ,QRCG
dG
q dG Gg ?G e e aCG ,H ,G e e aCG ,Jdh b J
!Me fah !H H ,AGG edG ,dG
.z!jGf SG ,M ,dG jGf SG{ :b
,VG hdGh WdGh dG Y qS dG H ,H j CG dG jj
c c !dEG ,eCG j c ie CG EGh ?H j W IOQ f H j c
d ?W H dG e kec kGH Gj c ,b SdG j c IdG e j
,b GUh M ZG :Y b e fCG ,H j b GUh M ZG
.!NCG fCGh
.iNC AH Hf e NCG c .M GPe dG g H cPCG YCG h ,HCGh HCG c
.zeO g Y e Tj dG BG :fd T NBG YeO{ :b
dGh a dG G W QJ{ :M Qhj gh jh jh j NCGh fh
.zj Ha ,nJGh ,kGMGh Uh ,a dG
L GbH fdG T Jh T J CG e N CG cQOCGh
a HGP dG Gh ,H dG dH kSM EG d ,hCG T Y J
g ziNCG T{ ,W fCGh
q Y hCG dG N dG edG FGZ c c
fC OQj dG c !kUCG ke c fC dG NCG c .f dG Gg
.c dG eJ jGfh ,Z aY T ShCGh UCGh YCG
dG LM fEG :H j dG e IU T dG WT Y G W
dGh .YCG jG AHh M EG dG j dG ZQ dGh .eCd
CG Gc Y ij jh ,G iQCG CGH .dG b a Hh dG g a W
.f ZU j
HCG dGh
JOQh dh
IdG J
.!dG a
.kqSo BG J CG ,dG J ,d jh ,kGH c
.dG dh
:dc aCG RCG fCGh H dCSh
z?G g e{
.zjGf fEG M e jGf QJ CG{
:b
zGg aCG YO ,LQ j d ,M hH H OQj c .aCG {
z!f iJ LCG CG hMCG fCGh aM QU gdG e S Y{
z?jGf fEG M e jGf QOCG CG j GPe !kGRdCG J dh{
,eCd LM ,kbZ G e aN ,a edG FGZ ,fdG Y Z CG j{
zY{ J dG Gg ,jGdG g j h j Y dh .b jGf EG d
gY fdG JQGe c , Iqoeh Ic IK e f Y b .kT j
CG b hj :dG g Ggh .kGL kGq eo dG Ge QU ,c a HGPh ,dG
:d d ,dG d Mjh ,H J CG jj ,AGOdG JK jjh , dEG JCj

22

AGGh AGdG IAVEG ,ac HCG jhGdG dL ,G iQCG d

dh ,JLhR Y M TCGh ,TCGh ,iQCGh ,SCGh ,hc ,N ,zRc{
aCG .Q ,Q ?OSCG S .H cCG CG Y zbW{ f aOCG CG a
d e e ,dP e NCG ? h ,fL c Qh .AG M zANEG bW{ .GL
cCG g e eCG f j j CG W YSH c GPeh ?GP hCG dG Gd fL
h ,g g h ,g g h ,fCG fCG YCG ,zNBG{ U ?fL j CG Z ,e Ibh S
.GHCG ,zf{ e
.zdH J fCG YCG{
.zAGdG eCG H ,SdG eCG d dH TCG{
.z!LQ j !hGh !hGh{
.GNG Y JQd M dG AGN ,iNCG AH jd NBG SG ,zS{`H dh
J M H GPEa H j c Se dG Y dG j h ,IS
e HCG OY M ,iJ c ,zM{ a ,jG dG YCG ,Gg M .Jq M Jh
,dG T j ,YCG eEG H ch ,Y d HQbCG JCGh ,JQjd hH
,L FGO j H fe Y e ,zWS{ jh ,G e HCG jh
,zMCG{ ch ,H ch ,Id eCG AGU U HQT Y zdG{ Jh
HG !M H j{ :bh ,Ijh SCGQ M .
q jCGQ Y HCG dCSh ,zeeEG{h
eBG cCG gH eDe c ,dj K ie bMh ,W c .z!S
h .f .zgCG{ CG !S .CG QdG fL e dG c dH dG Y Se
.zqfdG{ dG Gg e IQP MGRE j L hCG gH CG
Gg e Z c .edG dP a CG c ,f Y e ,zU dEG{ c HCGh
.z!dG SGh ,d gPG{ :bh ,ef e jCa ,dG e M ,zdG{
e S .jM H z{ WHe ,dG V ,dG Y H fY fc
Y IH ,eU Ie jH W ,G eh ,aM ,Ff T ,FN SQ
,QGdGh ,Ad G dG J Se SCG ch ,H Yh ,fEG CG
SM a j X ,eL ,jb jR ha Y Z hCG L j SGLCc
QGOCG M ,J dGh ,Ic IU b Ae VM eCG FN bh .dG H
,TeQ h IdG fY dH Mh ,IG jdG X EG dH N
.zAG H{ Z SCGh
hdG d ,zhO IT{ EG U dG ,c AdG ,zL{ jM cJh
,dL Y fj d ,L e c j d jNCG MU EG eJh
e cJ K ,c IQMh ,aNh ,GOGLh ,QY a ,GAS H Ojh
Z ALh ,dG Uh .IdG Y L Xh ,dG EG LQh hdG J
zL{ iCGQh ,zehO Y fEG FGQ{ :bh ,KK dM zT{h ehdG X ba
ah ,QdG dG Y a .fb Y J CG ,zfdG H S{ d a ,a
:gMh Jh ,dG L eZCG Yd ,OH EG gNCGh jCGQ Z K ,cCG
ddG Y IjW QW j{
HCGh eC b
.YGQ L
qRh YJ
q Z h
.zrdGdG u Jh
CGHh .Fe b zfEG W{ FGQ S ,qY d BG JCS dG CG Jh
N b dG c d GPeh .!dG Sj ,dG Sj S :dG b dG JCG
?N f d dG j c g ,Gg gCG a ,Mh fCG j CG fh ,dG
GPeh ?cCH dG N f b dG c d GPe :dG J d M SCG Jh
?GOLe dG j d GPeh :SCG KCG g K ?a Mh dG dG N d
,zgCG j GdG g{h ,zgCG a{h ,zgCG{ fCH dG Yb OGRh ,eEGh HCG dCSh
K HCG c .zTWCG{ a ,dG Gg e ZCG SCG CG jQCG YCG .zS{h
dG Y CG ,zTWCG{ .Yh q Y cJ jdG fch ,NCH c H ,dG
Gg Ob ,VhCG H .NO e Y :dG EG bCG U .e OJ , d
.Y dG SM ed
b HGhQ J h ,dH ke WHe IdGh .LQ j S dG !hGh !hGh{
.z!J K aO bh ,J
.z?fCGh{
.z a h UCG ,LQ j Oa fCG{
cGQOEG aCG Uh .zHGdG{ QN ch ,dG HGH e WHe IdG .U
,q Y j dG c ,JY e LQ H ,Ie .cGQOEG aCG f ,a EG a e

23

ddG dG
Ib b J aa ,zjhL{G gQ HJ e ,Qe YJ IH Ie dG
,aZ T c ,zahe Z IQe Jc fCG{ :db .T J h ,FGQ
Sjh ,ae j T EG ,M{ :db .G jg Y e , d
L qJ NCGh .zH LM T ,cQGe Sjh ae e NCj h ,cQGe
g j Hj jU c{ :cCGh ,G jg h b Sc
.z!ca ,ca ,ca :jh
bJh ,IMS J CG Y G OdG e QJ gh cJ ,AGT ,jZ Ia
.IQhdG Y d e bQCSh ,dEG LH fCGh .d
,IG eg ,edG Y FGO c Gdh ,a FGO Aj GL H fEG fCG
.jCG fCG a AJ CG jQCG h ,dGh
,zb{ YJ N e dJH HfCG MCG fCGh ,QGdG eCG c ,ddG e
zdG{ Hh .HfCG J Hh dG g H U iQCG h ,z!b !b !b{ :CGh
eY Mh .AG a dG hQ e ,ATCG a Fg Fe MhQ ,jS GOLh c
e LQ fYCG jY ,hH ,Ie hC ,zfjH{ H S
zAdG{ GdHh ,MCG JS ,!fjH :MCG Se JS ,HGW
CG gJ fCch fc .ejCG ,Y ,dG d GHCG e CG cCG Sh ,zdCG{h
,dG Gg e dG ,G dG MCG .AT CGh c jCG H U jC OLh
QW .e fC ,zeQc S{h ,zfjH{ e LCG ASCG e dG Mh
.hdG eh ,zYCG{ g e d UN IcGP
,IdG QZh ,dG AS bQR ,HdG f ,dG GQ L ,eCG ch
,H e f fCGh ,e ae HCG K ,HUCH ,bQdG zM{ SG cCa
dG YCG hCG ,fMCG ,dYCGh dEG OYCa ,QGL Y Md e ,Fe ,fMCG , ha
MCH gCGh eCG .eCGh ,Gg ,RGdG cJCG hCG ,fMCG ,f AbQdG
:CG MCG CG HY H jdG adG T b YCG c fCc ,d SG
AdGh dGh AG L U SCG c ,G CG e eCG f M Hh
.e AGg e LLdG GQdG g ,dG JM .dGh
a{h zgCG{`H a ,f jh ,UEH bQdG j dG dG HQbCG Mh
g CG dCG d .a G Y SG SQ dG jdG dG .zgCG
NGO zgCG{ T N j ,dH ! ,zgCG{ HQbCG j zT{ hCG zT{
gCG . Mj c UCa ,zgCG{ fCH Mj ,AH jg ,G M
jh ,b EG j g eh ,z
q PCG{ EG Njh ,f dG NGO OLe
CGH jM a .Q ,Q ?OSCG S .Y Y ANO H ,NO gP L q
:zgCG{ :G dG g e H
fe eh ,zg{ ,SEG b ,dG dEG SG e e H ,UCG ,HY d
HG Gg M j .G HCG ,f ,HCG dG NdG Cch GHh .zNdG{ eGQBG
aC H ,MCG Y eJG RhCG c BG JCG h ,HC HG M h ,e h VQCd
.M ,dP ZQ ,jdh ,AHZh AH TCG ,zjdG M{ dh c
iQCG c ,dG j M ,G d JCG ,dG hCG e ,Y c U
,MCG j h ,MCG Gj d EG ,zANEG bW{`H ,SdG aOU EG ,MCGh ,GMCG

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

M ,GOUh hf g Pa H WHe fGG

aZ FHc QJ He V hO Y ae
aZ EG Jh ,dG e bS .jdG S Y
ca ,g AHdG QGQRCH dCG CGHh ,g G
,gdG fGG Y AHdG j e QR J CG
e a zSCG{h ,T e bhCG U .M ba
dh ,FJ fG AHdG CG j dG ch ,ATCG
SCG H ,AHdG YCG ,MCG j dh ,e
fCG K ,H bCG j M G aQCGh ,H hdG
e fCG d bCGh ,a zdG g{ e iQC YS bCH
.Ie c ,Gd IY ,zH{ Y MCa ,zfCG{
NCG ch , NO Qe EG zjNBG S{
Y fCG eh ,HCG Y g zIdG fGe{ c
hCG ,e zIYe{ jCG hO ,d ,eQc S EG gdG
Uh MCG SH jHEG AGT Y hCG ,hOQdG Y
c .gj h zfGe{ Y dG c HCG ah .eC
,G e Y ThG fG IOdG NCG
,dG HGdG S CG Qb a ,zG GbCG{
{ d e CG Rj dh ,GL AZCG ,S c
.zc{ Y zeb
WCG S M dG Gg e Y e c
,zdG{ Y g Kj z dG HG dG{
,b e H SCG d Gg ,hejh ,qGE hjh
iNCG e c ,q Y zLCG{ ch ,S d ZCG
IY e b SG e AL fCG a M - GHCG d e
,jZ dG ,V zHY{ ADg Th ,- QdG
,zdG{ :jdG SG GH gMCG j CG O
G e LQNh QdG Y dRf ,q Y a j
Gfc ,NG MS fbjh ,QG e eObh
e cCG W ,Y IOH ,bCG Y ,W Y N
.L VCGh ,S
G FGZ
h
,

d
G

b
h
,

a
L W c
q
SCGQ Y bCG c ,HdG L YQU ,Jbh
M ,L EG L e qLCGh ,idG YGQP Y
HVCGh ,Y H JHV a ,HdG G
NCG ,iNCG M a ,Ic dh ,dG H
e OSCG Se jTGh IOdG e Gd IY
,SdG e Gbh ,SdG e WT Yh ,SdG

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

gP ie J .g G d e e ,dG d
,f zhQe CG{ La j GP dG a eY
OY K I G fCch ,HUCG gdG GH
.j e aCG YCG h ,hCG g EG
,dG HGdG S ,zQdG{`d G H aCG c
IQGRh Xeh ,fhQG FdG e gP LJ eh
Z Yj T a Jch ,HGW e LQG
.Ggh ,HC jU ch ,c
dG aCGh ,fGG e IG g S e iQC aCG
zS{ CG GMh ..hCG j hCG j CG jj e d
He ,GhQUh ,zeN{ ZQ j d a
fCc c ,zeGcEG{ hCG zH{ fj dG a
Y Mh ,IPdGh dG ib zeN{ YJ
.e zH{
LQ hCG H EG CGh ,e ,fGG NOCG CG Qbh
EG hCG ,HGW e LQG IQGRh Xe hCG RY
GFM bhh ,HH ZCGh ,fGG NO .zNBG Fc{ CG
QgH e Hh ,gG dGh IBGG MCG
h .IG GC J CG fCGh ,G a AGUh dJH
aCG e dG gP e OY f d .AT j
U ,ICah ,AGdG LQCJCG NCGh ,H Jh ,a
,HW H fGG ba ,OdG Y df ,H fGG
e QGL N G e OSCG T eeCG jCGQh
J Ib jCG h ,dc UCG H ge SEG
aj fCGh ,Y dh ,d aO dhM ,MMR
H fK QGG aO , dGh G eCG
ch ,G e YH Th ,Y dh ,JdG
aOCG fCGh Ie e .G e H G c UCG
fGh ,fK ,gdG OdH Gc J K ,QGG
.S GPe
CG Y j Mh ,cfR Y ce G IYb
fGG J h ,fRh H ,SCG f J T
QGQRCG Md QR Y dG j eY EG gY
IYdG JQG gdG OdH J eYh ,IBGG b
.h ,gMh H fGG U ICah ,fK
f J hCG H Jh ,OdH JCGh fGG NOCG U
j CG Y If fch ,QdG j T CG
.MS cCG e d NCG fCch ,a a dG HdG

J ,jZ ,Me gGaCG EG QCG ,gLh bM

.jZ gQe e ac ,MCH fge ac
EG - H Wjh j Gfc - dGh
,LN .qY LCG d J ,d e GUCG e S
.dG h ,dG h ,jdG YCG
GQOEG GC U j eY .NGdG WG g Gg{
.z!LQN Y J NGdG WG f
H ,zdG{ S ,jfdG SQG S NBG
. hO e ,Y EG gCG a e ,jL
SQGe H jT H Ib c fCG ICLG fc
IJSCG M h ,Jc fCG MCG j h ,dG GQ e
e M h ,dG hCG ,zjRH c{ OCG
.e zc YT{ e bH JGh ,f
a ,G Th , SQG c Gh Yh
hCG ,TWCG hCG gCG a c fCG G d ,zdG{
,MCG EG fCG ,dG QN FGO c H ,jY
.ee hOh ,zY{ .fdG eg Yh ,jZh ,GPT
,a f M CG Y dO CG h c g ,GL aCG
.c ,g jQJ h ,bCG Y ,fCG jQJ
,IQe ,iJ FH eDJ SEG b dG fc
j Hh ,NBG EG e e Y IH J L{
YGh .e CG ,f j e ,zY OGh{
CG Y dG dG g OGdG Gg L CG dG
eZh N U Y CG ,zjY{ YdG a ,YT
Gg dG BGdG cPh .IQe FH ,Y OGH
.z j OGh c { AG dG EG b e Y OGdG
fEG H aG g Y Vh zqdG{ Jh
H ,H kaGYG dG J ,Gh dG H ,Gh
.HGZ cCG QGdG EG Gg zgCG a{ HCG AbEG
eEH c GPeh .Y e zfEG GUCG{ MCG CGHh
,G Y e c M c ?j CG e W
,QGdG dCSCG c ,S dG Y d ,zA TCG{h
j e ch ,QdGh ,HdGh ,IQG OMCGh
Mh ,e ,b S H c Y Ie .jW
e ,jdG A dCG ch .HJ CH IMGh Y
,GNCGh .ch ,GQY bOUh ,zM e FGY{
e ,dG fG !dG :dG AbUCG Y Y
,c dG bOUh ,G EG dh d dCG
,zYe{ dGh .S dG d dh ,A TCGh
.ze{ c c ,SH
dG S ,hH JM ze{ hCG jCGQ
H je L Ne GP jH f c .VG
,QGQRCG Mdh IBGe a ,dG gP e a ,NdGh
Ic ICGeG jCGQ .L jS fGN fCG YGh
SG ,HGdG HdG J ,gP e GN HUCG
.J K ,gAGQh Jh ,fGG NJ ,zhQe CG{
CG{ gP jCG MGh ,eNdG NG Mh Hh
:ah ,fK fGG LQh ,QdG Y V .zhQe
Uh ..gP ..gLCG ..d KCG h ,NG hQe CG
.WH ,j gdG fGG Nj e CG YCG
NOh ,e GL d fc IU e H JCG Ie
H zQdG{ Y V ,JOch .J gh ,fGG
GRY T eeCG La ,ah ,G La ,b
Nh ,HCG U c a b S j ,dG TCG
LdGh ,LQ dG zJ{ gdG fGG CG H
Nj e VQe dG eh . T dGh ,ICGeG
.I j hCG NBG Fd j CG jj a ,fGG
aCGh ,LQGh NGdG bGQCGh eeCG LCG U

24

!j M EG jM ch ,H j ,b GUh
..z!QHBG ,LQ j QHBG SdG GaCG !M j j e e{
,zdG Y S{ YJ jb dG Gg e H LJ
e c ,V WH dG Yh ,ehQ c L
hCG ,S AH jh ,GQf hCG d ,g e c
N Hj CG Y c ,e N GM Rhj hCG ,j
,WdG a Y He e jT hCG OSCG hCG UCG
fO EG Jh MCG JS JCJ ,dP j eh
,dG Y IQOb IdG EG d j Gfc ,iNCG
S S{ eh .AT EG ,G J CG h
H d Geb EG ,S Gdb .IdG Lh ,zY
c SdG ,HH MCG j h .H c ,IU
,H Gj c HGb hCG HG d bCG ,IdG
,GS ,Idc ,LCS f fCG fCG ejCG pQOCG h ,Q
.aCG c HG S MCG h
a ,gH .T GhQCH fe ,Ge ,M c
b aCG CGHh ,b L MhQ Mh ,Gg M
cj Gg .zedG e{ L NOh ,f
geOh ,G OdG Y Se fc QfCGh HZ
G L ,H M EG dq Mh ,zHCG dG{
Y ,b HQ ,jg GRY GdCa ,QTCG Jeh
fc HdGh G g c !QOCG :a ,Gg QedG S
hCG Je BG dh ,j GP ,GhQCGh dBH fe
hQ b Je ,dc fCGh ,QOCG ,HCG hCG Lg
.QOCG ,HCG hCG ,Lg hCG AGh HdG
,j bh j c Y ,AT c g Gg !dG L
,NBG a hb c ,Y Cf dG dG YdG
,zYVG{ ,bdG ,IOQdG ,jG zdG aG{ JZ
EG IdG Se{ jGhQ S e e U
.dG Lh ,QOCG ,e e
q eh ,zdG
.c eY ,ZCG cCG CGH ,Gh LdG Gg e
e AGG dG SCG fCGh JcJ dG ,zL{ ZCG
BG IY eCG Z bd ZCG EG dM ,dG
c M CG AGQh dG YJh ,jRH a Le
Y GH ,SEG e QS Y dL ch ,QJCG
Y e ,kfMCG ,JCj AdG Y .a bGQCGh ,G
.gG Ic e fMCG gdG dG JCj c ,LdG
dG Uh .jQdH L b dh ,Ic ZCG c
c bJ .AH TCG YCG ,jS M EG 1985
Y dG J Qbh .dG hQ f h ,AT
!dG G g f RY J .!dG
dMh ,LR zH{ d H 1985 NGhCG S
,HdGh jOdG :SdG H G Y j ,OQh jM
H HG G Y ,eeCG .e GM e fCch
,e VCG HU QTCG dM ,Vh b a
bW HL ,dM QgJ FT SC H Wh
Gg ,j a AT .bGQCGh YCG a ,g G
,e gOY ,Ic c e J ,dG .T
,NGdG j T Cch ,Zh H ,J ,Jh
M bM .fCG NGO hCG ,dG hCG ,dG NGO
iQCG d ,dG QGdG ,AGdG HG GP QGdG
HT Z nQGC h ,Z j e j MCG g c EG
EGh Ie ,e ,hJ Gg ,HCG EGh Ie ,e e
j e N ,QOCG hCG GgY hCG FY N ,HCG
,dG Y W dG dh ,YGC dhM .f Y
.G Gg e OTh ,M dG Va
dh ,f ahh ShSh J :Sdc eCG
.H UN eh ,H UN c

25

iNCG FGW WCG hCG ,gZ Y g WCG d CG

dG .d d jWh ,zJc{ FW dh ,Y
,jdG WCGh ,Y e e H ,c Y .OSCG S
f zGN W{ U a .OdG Y EG LQ
,Y jZh ,gf za{ Hh ,c WCG
.ziNCG FW{ e
Y L ,JGP Hb ,GOe L hCG fEG W c
hCG ,dG e FN hCG ,MCH Sh e ,H UN
j ,M c b CG G ,a ,dG EG Hh
AGS ,dGh ATCG J fMhH ,IQe fH
hCG ,Gd hCG ,fNO Gb hCG ,L fMhdG g SCG
QHBG fc ,V M hCG ,T jM hCG ,gH hCG Z
ch ,fe dGh ,fe dGh ,fe
EG ,SG e MGh d ,hc UTCG q ,zGOe{
,Y g ,d SG CH j c dG MdG fCG ,fCG
,NBG AT CG h ,a h ,TWCG h ,gCG a h
Ggh .Hh H S QTh ,d SG ge H
H OLdG ,d SG dG FdG ,zdG W dG{
,dG H fe c e g ,zedG{h zG{
.G dGh
eCG ch ,Pf We EG e ,VQCc dGh
,g, zJc{ :S H dG e e H IH
,Jc e VQCG EG Hg .fCG zJc{h ,dG AGN
,egCGh , HCGh , TCGh , cCG jZ VQCG
e H j Y Y H ,T e H aCGh ,KOMCGh
,fdG jZ ,jW :dG J zJc{h ,Aj
,H dCG c HGJ J hCG ,W UEG e H J
e j a T e j Yf be j
GQb NGO JCG c b J hCG ,b NGO
IQG ,! ! ,IQa SdG eCG ,aT Wh YH
cCf CG jZ fc !QOCG ,SdG .jU
ah ,gY J dG J d ,dH g
:MCG c G jH GH j ,Fe Z OHCG
iU JCj ,JCGh dG a MCG c e Y
MhQ ,zIQeY{ jdG fj ,Y ,SGh
dG ,dH dG eh ,e Z iH zGeY{ G
dh ,e iH
q GE OJ ,SdG ,a XG
M ZG ..iNCG GhQCG J ,Y jZ hJ

M hO dG j H J ec jY WCG d
SG Mh ,e eh Ae HhP .GS IY c gCG
,eGM dGh ,N Y dG Yh ,H
.ge GG e JCG fCGh NG JfGh
NCGh ,H Y SCGQ Y b ,q Y Gg e hCG eh
Y dG AG WCG dG Hh ,IOdc LCG
,I h ,e GgP ,Y Y UCGh ,dG
j e Y Y b ,IOe H GLN K
SCG h ,jCG e Y NBG Wh , dG
c gCS fCG VGdG e ch ,AG Se GSG
NBG LR H f e KG H b ,IG g
e a ,GY LdG aH Y j HVh ,NG
YQ NU EG SCG YCG h ,LdG Y Sh ,dG
Y dG HGdG S fh ,c zHdG{ e
.MdG e HCG Nh ,GdG
cQOCGh ,dG e S d hCG zdG{ CG YCG
,Yh fCG bOJh ,dG IQN ,Ie hCh ,gY
.dG iQCG c NCG e hCG ch
gCG M YCG dfG ,Gg e a S IY H
NG .zdW{ iQCG d ,hH QRh ,d jQJ
,b Sc Y j ,HCG Z ,NBG LQ c ,eNdG
g{ .FY Z FY J ,NG He ,H h
bhh .zQ ,Ib H{ ,b ,z?JYe SCG
,cGa S ICGeG NO M ,aCGh NG SJCG
!hQe CG :Y aJh ,Y dCSh
HG fEG{ :OhT H db K b efG ,z?jcJCG{
,ee GS zhQe HCG{ c .z! HG ,BG{ ,z?
QU T j a f H Ae c dG j
ce ,zdG MS{ gdG d dh ,TCG
dCS .e a ,AGdG EG YO .QdG hH
e fEG db ,hQe HCG Yh ,eJ db ,gdG Y
AT j .G b db ,hQe Yh ,dG e
GHG fc .MQCGh ,H AG dG h JGC CG Z
dbh ,e IQH ,c Z dZG b FGSEG
Y YS GhLhh ,dG Y ATCG G fEG hQe CG
..J J zj YS{ Yh jH X
c eGdG G g SCG e S CG g db jQCG e
J FW ch ,zd{ hCG ,zSG{ d FW c ,zdG{

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

 ,b dG d ,zhO{ e ,T EG ,edG hCG

j ,geQ EGh ,WH ,H S dG ej
H G{ Y GQOb YCG h ,Z hc hOe
.TC ,c cdG Y GOGS LCG U ,zg
CG cJ eY ,NBG eOEG EG eOEG Gg e LN K
c ,HT L dG ShdG J dG ,ZZ
a ,d GL e YVhCG a ,HBc HH
IMe Ib b ch ,HBc e jh ,d
GKCe c ZZ ,zYj dG jdG g{ e
hCG ,fEG c NGO eO iCGQh ,zedG e{`H
JjQdG jCGQh ,fEG JjQdG iCGQ ,iMCH
H j dG OCG Le dW :q dG
!c GOGSh
Ib b Hc Qb :NBG Qe EG SdG h
,GHCG a e ShSh ,zdG{ Gg SSCG
H j e Y cCGh ,VCG c ,GL INSh
b ,zNCG G{ ddGh PGdG e HUCG
..e ,e ,Y JCG CG

.z?G M c
SCGQ e LMOCG CG h ,IQS QSG GNCG a
TCS fC ,IdG Y dY .fGh ,OGdG f L
LMO M H ,dG FY Vh e fdH
,GHCG M e fCG d fEG b ,Gg ah ,OGdG EG
Sh ,MJ ch ,LMO c cJCG XCS
HGH MCG U ,e .e ShSh OGRh .JcGP
zgO{ Y jTa !HGdG jQCG ,bCG Y .Y
AGUh dJH :GL gGR GdCH gOh ,dG e
e dH TCG d ,jXdG j e ch ,AGMh
e SGh S fCH M ,dG Hh .dEG dG
fCGh ,dG Gg e AGMh AGUh jOQh IQH Ae
Ojh IQG H dG j j W e cQCG
,ba ,VQCG Ic f H H M K ,eCG Y
.GHCG J h ,We SEG b e fCGh
:M Y Y GNCGh ,e JCG c QOCG ,Ggh
,d ,eeCG TCGh ,T jTa ,SbCG CG Qb
dG QdG Ub bah ,f ShDc dM Vhh
CG H bh ,gH Hb SCG Uh ,jdG H
.a Y IQb CG AGQh eZ Ib a
e ah ,ejCG ,MS dO j jU QGR CGh M
- UCG ,H S fC AL - BGQ e hCG e dG
j fEG d b ,dG e a ,jJ bj dh
:b ,z?GPh{ :dCS .dG aZ EG dG QMEG
Se c e fCG Y ,d GQhe jQJ cCS !SG
K ,OG b Gch Gc ehdG bS K ,fdG Y
hG A KGC adH hH Y Y M I V
c jQdG fh , G JG ,Ggh ,dG
a ,HQCG Sfh d dG h ,ge A fCG
.zaGe{ :M e aCG c b K ,jW
ch ,d jdG eG e HCG bZ
,jQdGh eRCGh OGG bO a YGQ zGQThH{
c GC Hh ,c e Wh ,T NQDe e SbH
OOSG ,Sb Ie ,a .GjL GQe NCj AT
Hd jjS f cT e bJh ,JN e c
AGQh jQe ,Ggh ,Ggh ,G Y ze jQJ{
d GP La ,FGdG dG g Sh h .jQe
,e fCG{ :S HV bh ,dG J WdH

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

G b
e e e Ge ,M GM ,jdH GM J
SdG jH e Qh Ub J .e e .G
Xe b ,gP h ,zjjH GOW{ CG Y bdG
?f{ .QhO dCG jY OdG SG j :jdG
JCG CG a .z?dCG jd ,QhO FGR QhO FGR QhO
dG GH GOW CG f d dh ,gdG g c
,LdG H H .jOY j CG
Hh ,N e Nh ,Y e GQhO S VbGh
.GM SGh ,G L M ,Ggh , c
hO e eNCG Y d ,M ..jGdG q Y UCG
K ,dGSCG S Ae e MQ GC H fCG hj ,T
,Ggh ,Ggh ,HQg d K fa SQe A
,GNCGh ,OhGh fGG j gh b f e
c e NCG Yh ,SdG jH EG K M Ae Uh
.dh f
eCGh dG NCG NCGh ,eCG e c LC H b c
Lj M dG SdG NQ a d
,d f Yj ILCG aO BG q Yh ,dG
Vh .ddG g c H cJCG CG G a
,J ,KdG LQdG e a ,dG aZ jhGR
,e e ,aCG eeCG Lh ,OQH hCG NS Ae H
e a fG fEG db eCG ,e e j
e ,SQ gdG j NCGh ,M SCGQ
.zM{ H zfM{ Gg d ,eCG Y !M SCGQ
h ,1948 S e IG jdG EG aS Y c
,GHCG hj h ,Sa S GQH Y EG bh ,Lj
BG a ,d jQh OLh e cCd G H d :b
,dh H M h H j fEG b Jg .RY
d G d :b ,fK H S EG V b aSh
eG QKBG b EG e b a ,e jKCG b
QhH ,d b jCG h :SCG H dG ALh ,jdG
.dG Gg e IQM e e e AGT J MGh
Mh ,aGd f ,adG dG fGh
e Hg .z?G M c{ :SdG dC j ,gPCG
,HdG SdG MGV NBG U adG
Ib W .AhH G aC ,MCG aj M
,fh AGT ShQ jOj gh ,fSG e HY
,Yae IdG{ :db ,eeCG dG Vh CG Oh

dP MCGh ,Ce zdG{ AdGh ,QY T c

gT ,e RY e LN ,AGdH AG dG
bCG ,dG e a HK Jh ,Teh ,GL HCG
dG gj h ,de gOfh ,e gR d EG
J gh G QdG EG U ,OSCG eb c
Y ,hb b e H Mj ge c .f
.IMdG H J c J
SGh aZ ,eZ b b h ,Z dG J
f Y dG e H SGh ,jG Y J
dG j c ge T Cch ,Oq M ,Me
, Jh a ,b bh ,CG e H
e ge CH a ,Yh hO eh ,ICGG GU Sh
EG ca ,Hc e gj hCG ,gj hCG j c
fc .Qda ,jG EG K ,LdG H Y ,zdG{
d AdG V b J AGdG AGVCG bGh
,jQg jOj fc e La ,jQdH ,Jh ,e
e q a hCG ,g YdG b e WGSQCG e d
H Sh ,fdG dG G jQg jRdG
hCG ,zaG Y{ fC ,JLCSG Q ,J a
.IOdc ,dG e fS OW H S
g ,(? T) z? a e{ jQdH gf NU
S fCch J
q EG Gh ,H f b
H c EG fG ,a gYh ,Hc ISCe
fCG :M YH Hd fh ,QY T ,a NGdG
bCG CG e a ,EGh !HZG dh S dG
c ?QY T ,Y e dG e H Gg
c Y JH e Y c SdG dG Ab
jJ hO ,zG WG{ e , e , a
,jOj Rd H ZG dh JCSh ,Y
iNCGh jY c j ,e fdG Hh
j CG ,IAGh ,G HdG YH bM .fe
ch ,LdG H bCGh ,z dG{`d Hgh ?MCG
.GN QU SdG e WdG M .QCG
d JCG Uh.JS EG H KOG g H L
,aCG ,aCGh ,eG H G IdG HdG
,e a ,e Ib ,e aCG FGO aCG, aCG ,aCG
Y dG Y bj Y h ,H aCG j b
J dh .f ..Hj M b Ia c ,MhQ
AGU IQS :c a ,ceCG WdG f
ICGG J J ICGeG a ,zc j{`dG e ,ILCd
fCG IdGh ,e IQdG Hh ,AhH Ff ,jQdG
c Ff ICGeG Sh ,U Y j ,z e{
,cCdH ,L jGf ,cP WdG .gCGh ,FGZ
IT{ Z NBG M j HH Y c dG G C
H J Ia ZG d ,fCG jC zL H
!T ,ICGeG jQCG :Z WdGh ,GHCG
,aCG ,aCGh ,b c ,dG M JCG c ,c Y
,cG Y SCGQ b j ,Gh dG eh , aCG
QT dG AGVCG e ,zATCG{ bGe fCGh
,edG jOUh ,zWdG Fe{ M ,G eG
.iNCG ShSh qY dSGh
,QdG a (H Fe QhdG) zH{ jCGQ Ie
g CG h ,adH ,Gg ,L Vhh ,da
, Yh d e Ihf O ,GHCG , dG AGQh e
Y H j M ,dG LCG JLh ,jQdHh
,dG e GQCa iJ c U ,Y JCG e H
,gYCGh ,zjOSCG{ ,H dG aCG ch
,dG L Y eOCGh ,QhdG j M ,j c

26

zda dG ,H ,j b da fdH QdG{

z?e{
.z!eg eCG e{
Ie Y a bGh c :ejCG M c M cJ
,a a dh dG jdG aM Y IU
,e jQY c ,dG J Gh ,b fdGh
MCG e Th ,dG ASH ,c L Yh
dh ,eg eCG d fCG{ :Jd bCG ch ,Yf
H e Ie L gh ,z..cCG CG e GOe
.zdEG .S.{`d T
CG ,SMh M H JEG Y LY ,OOe eg
QT g ,Gg IOGQEG zT{ Sh ,HC fG Y
,b c ,G cJ .jha CGQ M ,fdH MdG
GOe d{ :HdH dEG .S . e b ch
GOe d :e zLdG{ dh .z..cCG CG
,eg eCc H e fCG CG ,eg eCG cCG CG
bCG ,Y fCG CG ,bWEG zcCG{ CG GOe d :hCG
Y MCG !dEG j !f Gh .T e M
KM .S e G HCG ,Q ,WNCGh !Ie Ie
:b .Gg M Y H
,QT j CG h ,LQ j j CG j b{
.zL EG f j :IMGh dM EG
ATCG) zb{ jCG J HdG zb{ c EG d b
c AL f QG eh ,fG ,(Y Y SCGQ
HfG fc Hh db fc H Hj da :zdb{
:T Lh W IH ,bh ICa SCGQ q g .hdG
zRdG g Gg ,RdG g Gg{
CG f fCc ,dP Uh ,HdH zRH{ c d
HCGh ,GJCGh f ,e ej ,IMGh aK c .cJ H
,GJCGh f ,e ffGh .Ic cJ c j c
b CG H MTCG GhQUh ,d Ge fU
Gg AHCG ,Hh fCG ,f gh .cJ zHZ{`H QJJCG
,jEH EG gf h ,ceCG f ,q dG jQdG
fc e HSG fCG M EG ,H U fah
.HdG j
H dG LM zRdG{ CG H N ,c Y
J dG HGdG eh ,M Hh ,de H :zjH{
.dH hCG dG Ae Y IQGG Ae j ,FG
H b c ,SG dG e WSCG a
,dG BGdG h .e d dCJh ,Gh dG :FG
a dG Le jH H j zRdG{ CG AL
g ,dG M H zIdG{ CG Th ,j
YG e H ,d gCG g e Z gj dG QGZCG
e de NBG H gh ,gdGh eCc ,zHjEG{
,Gh , fGh ,Gh , dGh ,Gh ,CG
dG Hh jEG H H .iNCG dG YGh
NCj Cc ,zdG j{ eY EG j a ,zRH{
Sh .Y GS j de H EG G Ae dG
CG Jh :zW{`dG ,dG FG NG CG ,Gg
L{ eh ,b Y zdG H{ H Jj zL{
hCG ,ze b{ :a fY dj c ,hCG ,zdG
dM :Jeeh JM dh .Y zb { hCG ,zM{
Qdc ,zS{ GY QZ dG :zd {
,c GdG eh ,GdGh ,G e eH
.zb L{ Y ,zdG L{ H
,dG e JCj AT c CG fYdG zH dEG{ FW h
Mh ,dG j K ,dG EG e J GQc
,jedG Yh .dG JJ GQc JCJ dBG

27

z?FGR fCGh{
z!f{
H Fb Z ch ,RdG He f QOCG
:fdG Y J AGT Ia U YCG d ,e
MCGh ,eGZ c S Rh ,zNCG G{ g fCG{
H CG j e H ,M ,HGh hdc ,GM
z?FGR M cCG CG e e ,IOLe fC ,G
:b
z!H eCG c QOCG d ,T c{
z!LQ j b ,?zFGdG{ g e dh ,FGR fCG{
..zFGR Gg{ Y jh fL dG j e c g FGdG{
zFGR Y bh fL JM c Vh ,fCG dh ,b
fCG hj G g e c ?fCGh ?FGR fCG{
z!dG e hCG
EG j h ,TCG dh ,je bCG Y,je fCG{
FGdG ,je M d ,Ta da ,fCG eCG ,je
.zgOLh Mj M
CG EG e FGR fEG CG j :dGbCG bO eU
N fCG :OLh Mj d NBG gH CG hCG NBG fEG
g f GQCG Lh c .f V dO
M NCHh ,G if CG dG e a ,j
: H ,b .f
zq e GC SCG J fCG ?eH EG T J CG ,H{
hO J d ,HS QeO EG TCG M eOCG ,M j{
zCJ CG
z?c{
z?dG dG{`H S g{
zf{
j b O ,f ,e b ,jCG b J g{
.zLQ j
c dG fdH QdG ,Gg zdG J{ eY eh
z Yb{ EG gdG z{ GfCG e f ,Mj
b .eh ,WTh JG Fh ,aO eh ,IH
.ad zcG{ jGhH TCG ,dG Gg e Yb c
z?H j fjh gP j jdG ADg g e{
zLQ j QOCG {
.z?fdH QdG g e ,W{
:b K I WCGh ,zY{ f e IjL J ad TCG

bN bh ,QKBG c ,dhd e ,J c ,G
YCG{ :ehS jhGdG fCH T h ,zfdG
a GC S EGh ,JNCG dG G cJh ,G
Sh ,cCG dhdG S J ,dG M eY
.JG ,z!MdG
QKBd e Vhh , e WdG JNCGh
,S H ,j GP h .zG H{ e dH ,SdG
QhdG Y bGh dG e U jCGa ,g e GqQe c
dG zQThdG{ e f j ch ,zG{ jDhd
bh GN IY H dh ,eh V , c
,LQh ,e GS G Gg EG ,dH bCG :bh
fCG bhh ,c dG zQThH{`dG e f dhJh
.zjDhd QhO
cJ M Ja H N ,dG Gg e b
,a cG HH c ,qj CG b ,zZZ{ CH
,b U e ,d e YVhCG a
.Gg dG G jQJ e T JCG CG hMCG ch
.zLQ j j b{ ,H OQ .zj b{
H hCG ,b hO IG CG b fCG QOCG h
Y eG jEG fj Gfc e ch ,z FGR{
jdG Gd NBG SG EG d ,dG zYVG{
.OcCG jH NBG zGM{ EG d ,f
fch ,Ae ,ej ,zNCG G{ e f c
TCG L Lh GPh ,zHCG je{ J AGT dOf
eh ,GHCG e h J ,SdG e
hW a zRc{`dG He J ,e f Y
{ :b .H ,Njh a j H ch ,G
j dh ,jh ,jh ,j e T J
jh ,dG H HU Z jh ,a j
.z?GRS CGQ Y ,SCGQ
:iCGQ JQG c ,H Y a bh ,qGE f
zgL ,MhQ IM f Yj Gg{
zYCG{
:b d j CG hO b
j ,hdG Y dG j eY ,aG ,J {
zL fCG ,LQ j ,dG
z?G g eh{
zjdG e f{

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

.c fGG IjdG id ,Ggh ,M SCGQh ,ICGeG QUh ,e ,FP fH

ScCGh gdGh gGH e IQe ,zHH Y{ e ,fe ch ,W ch
j aG{ :IdG dG H EG IdG J dh ,e IU NGO G
aG ,Ob j aG ,b j aG ,a j aG :L gCG ch ,f c ,zS
MCGh ,zeGM HQCG{ IQe fGh .H j ,dG EG ..j
fCG aY ,H dG e hCG eh ,L QCG h ,fL c e ,M IdG GQH
.zdG c j{
FW Yh ,hOh ,GRSh ,gh ,fCG ,zdG gdG{ JS dG ,e ,Ie
dG dG ,zjh{h ,J T e IRhGh ZT e FdG dG Jh ,LGQ
zhO{ AL ,f dG .jOSCG EG gPh ca ,GL AdG ch ,c
,hO ,gCG{ .Y j c hCG d cJ S Y j c AL fCG YGh ,g EG
eCJh .zd g SQ{ :bh je AH bQh f eh ,zGT ,{ .zJ
MCG M e IOMh FGY H ,Me eb a HN bQh fc ,g zMd{
h ,eh ,a HUCG ,L H MJ N J ,dG YCG ,Yh ,FS
.VHh b e e e BG S b fCch ,cGO AGM H aXCG
.dG Y bGh cJh gP b hO d fCG h ,Y LH Th
fCG ,Mh d ,QdG e jdGh ,MCG G MU j{ : j hH d M
,L JM b bQh Y G ch SG .zNCG dG Y
.zhO{ aCG fCGh ,Ge ,zNCG G{ EG MU Gh
a jh ,J ad j bh ,IdG d jQhO e Wh ,JOc H JCG
H T bQ Oa d ,G hO db e Y GC bCG CG OQCG .HUCG H jJ
,LQ j{ :b K ,e RGTH Mj J T h ,Y OdG Jj NCGh ,Hh
.zj { .z?aY ch{ .zj { :b .z?g e{ .zfG ,Gb Y fhj e g
SCG dG idG g g e h ,zGb Y fhj jdG ADg ,g{ e aCG
gdG{ eCH dG cJ CG H M e T CG H Nh ,Y G
?Gb Y fhj Y H j GPh ,dG EG hO JCG GP ,EGh ,zdG
M GPe ,GRS{ .zdG gdG{ d Y Yh ,GRS Y aCG LN
e dG J a ,cP fEG b ,AT { :db ,z?dG EG HgP H YCG ?eCH
.z?dCJ n ,AT c g Gg ,cCdH ,BG :ZT
Y ZT e dG J CG H a z,cCdH ,BG{ ,IMGh c e !dEG j
W c fCG QOCG ,dW e ,Gg zgCG a{ ,fCGh ?a IMGh c e ,Gb
2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

,d GY j d fEG N dH a ,J fc dBG CG ,dCG IY b

Yh .dM G H N K ,zfEG dG{ N e hCGh ,jh j
,eL e eCG .fdG hCG ,zhCG JG{ dG JCj ,c adG FGW
CH hfCG j eYh ,zdG{`d a H ,zhdG{`d M e CG Lj a
HdG YdG b f gh ?Gg b Kj GP :eL dCj ,Je Qb dBG
,jMh ,zdG M{ G f dG dGh ,ze fCH Kj b{ :dG
.eMCG ,gBGQ e hCG ,dBG fEG iCGQ ,f CGQ Yh
c ,fEG b dG YH F ,QGSCG e fCGh ,bH SQO c
.L OH MJ zFGdG{ dh .HjEG YH Fh ,zdG dG IOb{
zRH{ Hh ,HjEGh S :GH g .NBG AT CG e dG c bCG zdG{
,be CG ,zbG QdG{ .S Le H ,GOM d IedG :zOG{ fCG YCG
.d zOG RH{ ,GOM d QdG Y QdG Mh ,GOM d
:H dCS .dG Y iNCGh dG Y qJ e L :T LR d j dGh
z?dG g e{
:b
zdG AcdG{
z!J Y dG d ,dEG j ,aCS ,eCG aCS{
.ziNCG H S ,LQ j J {
iCe .db ah ,d ziNCG dG g{ ,dP ZQ ,jW z a{h
.Y :a e ibCH zj{ CG e ,zG Y{ e ,e ,zbY{ fCH zgj{
dh ,eG JJSCG M gj c ,geh V e g ,V Yh
ae{ g .j CG Qbh ,j CG e ,Sh ,GH H e zFe{ c
G CG dG eh ,b CG ,zdG AcdG{ H j ae ,zGL IcCGh ,M
c .zif e eG d{h ,Y fCGh ,a ZQCG c c ,Hj c c jZ ,e
,e ,Qe L ,g e YCG L ,WG e L f He GC dG e GQf
,G g Rhe zFGM Ae c d{ :G b jh ,zL T{ H VQCG
.zLR fZ u d S{
Mh ,IcCG ae{ Y LdG MTEG e f fCG zL Y{ dEG UJ e ch
QbCG hCG ,DhLCG hCG ,GQCG CG jQCG dh ,c b OLe ,aYCG AT Y ,zGL
.dP MCG OcCG h ,Gj e iQCG CG jQCG ch !Gj c Hh ,jDhQ Y
:G dG Ic hCG ,gc Lh f SCGH e ejCG H GHh
28

z!OJCS{
zf ,e SG ,dUh aZ jOSCG ,e SG J{
zdH SG ,LQ j {
z?fCGh{
zPc qVe EG IOdG MCG{
z?L{
.zSdG Y G a OhM eCS ,f ,f{
:CH Qa .a ,e e dh ,e IYe e j fCG j fCch c
zdG fGh e SG{
.zY LCG b ,JMH SG ! ,LQ j {
hO jJCG{ ,H EG gPCS d b .Hh H zad Y{ e Y LH Th
.z?e JCj g CG ,Y j CG
.zH Y Gc f ,N ,e hO N ,LQ j { :bh V
,Fc bU e jh ,d dG Y WY c .Rdfhe Ye Y Lhh
edG JCGh ,YS f H cJ dh ,QOCG ,WH ,QOCG ..e hCG
.NCG G ,MU dGh
:b .z?Y cJ GP{ :dCS
c Yh ,hdH e ,SGhh dN Yb jCGQ ,dG NO e hCG e ,LQ j{
Gh NO ,Ggh ,NBG zH{ j Sc c Yh ,Yae SGc dhW
GdJ CG b AT CG fCG d{ :d b ,z!dG j ,c G f ,dG j{ :j
,J ,LQ j J .dG j ,c G J M f d{ .zThY Y L
.z!H Gg j
:b .j Ojh ,CH zf{ e b hj c
ze d dG j CG bJ {
dG aG FGO J CG j dG dG EG JceQGO b ,LQ j{
.z!L ADg ,ATCH
.MU ,zNCG G{ I Ie e Gd JCj c .e EG GQCG YCG .OJh
,zedG dG{ j c fCG hj :f He .OJ Y Ie h j
h ,WGN UUQ H Y j b Jc GQhCH zjQGR{ eh
Y XM EG bh ,GRhe hj c Ie h ,e j e cP hCG ,Vh e T Ie
.zf Hh H b Y aM{h ,zMh HG{ :L Y j QGdG FH
29

?IMGh c e ?Y j CG MC ib q CG M h ,zGb Y fhj{

j N Y OM a gh ,zG U{ a gT ,KOG g e S H
,j HK gOL e jh ,gL Y j Af e S a ,ICGeG fCG
f jh ,aN GAVEGh Se ba ,ICGeG EG fCch jh
.zfG ,fG{ :gP eZ Ld jh ,IH
J CG Y :HT ,dG Y QahH ,dG NBG Y jh
,G dP ,fEG .z!af SfCG ?f eh{ ,G :JQY ,MhQ UN ,gL
WN e H W ch ,ICGeG d ,gL a ,Af fc Y AdG j
,MEH MCa eCG bj hCG ,fEH MCa bW bj WN !ADg OG
,AdH GQT f h aj a ,AdG hCG ,H GYG hCG G MCG ch
J f c e H W c ,Gh ,ihLdH MCa ,b a
H .hReCG HZ GM e HGZ cCG G GM dGJh ,N ,hdG
!JWNh ,ADg OG WN :H G idG MCG iMEG ,c e ,QOCG
c c BG M QOCG dh ,e QCc Ga ch ,GY IHh f YCG d fc
Fe ,M jCG Y ,IgR ILCG gh ,zYG dG{ dP aZ ILCG aj
,Jb K NCG G U c e Vj c dh ,Q ,GQhO Nh
WN{ b Hh ,zY LCG eY ,H H ,QhO c d YCS{ j Ie ch
H ch ,IYdG HSG .Ad fYOh ,zhO{h fCG ,d ,fK H dG ,zOG
.M e T CG aYh ,bdG e beh jM
,IOQdG dG AGVCG j SEG ch ,zeG QT{ EG NCG G e LN
.H fQe ,zRG bR{ b ,gh ,g J GQG FHh iQdG e bh
jOU a ,zjS{`dG cQe HS N ,dH IAe SGh SEG MS Uh
U ATCG ej g{ :jOdG f GTDe , H b ,ICa .dG AGN eb
dH Njh ,H jdG j NCGh ,e GMGh Jh cQh .zJ ,LQ j cCd
dG j h H ,GNCGh ,G AdG Yae JNDe EG iQCG YCG h ,iNCG
e Ld e cCG !AdG g Gg ,PEG .H f dh ,I zGH{ hU
,dG AGVCG f fCch I AGdG e j a ,QH Th ,dG Gg
.fh ,zjCG Fjc aO gh{ :bh ,edG hU L EG f K
,dG ILCG aj fEG b ,dG J H ,H dU GdG cCf fb
.QdG EG ,jCG H ,dG NBG H QOSh ,OdH zQfCG{ dG MUh
.z?gH S GPeh{ :b .fM S ah
2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

hCG jQhH j AGM jg gLh Sj G OdG e GOe ,zjd{ cJh

,jd{ Y jOf dG dG h ,FHdG dCG Y aJ ,KK
,aYCG fCH j dG Ib jCG h ,zL{ EG SG Z ,j h ,zjd
aYCG fCG fCGh ,zL{ EG SG Z ddG dG h ,Gg jH U jCG d CH hCG
.a G S ,L hCG L hCG jd AfG ,zL{`H U d CG hCG
IFW L EGh ,zWCG HN{ a bR c EG NCa ,eR zhO{ e J
,hO e J e KCGh ,QGdG zdG iQCG{ d ,ee H S She
jh ,e N dhW jCG Yd j c ,zG GC bCG{ CG ,ejCG
.z!N e Sj MCG { :ge jh ,WNh ,JM ,G e
EG LQh ,eCG HJ fEG bh ,NCG G H eCG ,MV ,H X j GP h
K ,GL IJe Ie e ,hCG bGU EG LQh ,f dG aZ dG
.JM fM dG cCG e d YdG HV
ij c dG GQG Y eG dPh ,zL{ c eh ,d IMGdG ,H c
M cPCG e QGM bQZ ch ,H dG eeCG b zjGY Af{

q AT ch ,e ,GJe c ,jh ,Nj GYb c Hh ,zL{ e ,YVe

b Ae cH a jR H e fG V f c ,gG H eDhGC c e c ,YJ
j{ :bh TdG H NJ ,ICa ,Fjah gP ,QNH ,aG Y c ,e
je e cCG Y fCG{ b ,dS e fGh ,He ba ,zLQ j ,LQ
Hf Jh ,G ,AT CG Y hCG Y j VG C ,La ,z!JS
fCG{ :Fb Lh UEG Rgh ,dhdG a L e L Oa ,L e
,f e IOY c .z!iNCG Ie We Y GC J ?ga ,MCGh Qjf e cCG
g CG JCG cCG h ,bGU jC a KCG jJ If ec fc IG g dh
.c bGU QfG S ,f ,dG KOG
Jh ,J ad dh ,Hh ,ehe ,AH G Sc e Y f eQ
QfG GP MdG H TCG Lh GHh ,b e GHCG gQCG jH Lh HJ c
IQU e Ue GU He GH Lh ,ef aZ jCGQ dG ,OG NCG
,dG j Ojh ,f AGN ch Le J eh ,OSCGh HCH

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY

hU j c Mh ,QWGeEGh PT :KG ,H e ,Oe c b

M Ie h j ,dP ZQh ,!j QWGeEG c ,I GH Y H edG
.dH gdG
,QG c c ,zH jCG{ YJ IjL QUCS{ :dG e Qa gh b Ie
.z!SCG CG MC ,fe c d
fG QNCG CG INCG IG M{ ,IHh ,MV GC bh Jc bQh Sh
hCG QNCG aS M ,zH jCG{`H cHCGh ,U c gJ IjL h ,Y
e V .z!QG c e IjG bH j CG T Yh cYCGh ,hCH
.edG Y zZGa bh{ j c dCSh ,IdG
eY ,Mh H MQCSh ,MGh Od ,IU Fa ce H e fCG{ :b
jCG ,MJ Mh{ .OYCG dh ,dG AdG ,dG H ,VQCG Y ebEG Ie J
.zWdG Y dG J{ ,z?Qb jCG{ ,zG QdG dG e gR{ :b ,z?J
,G b ,FGH ,IAe GQb ,d ,OJ AKCG ij c fCG zgR{ h
g e a fCG d c j ch ,zUN e{ fCG a c HGH Y eh
e S fC ,IQhG dG j ,ddG dG ,K ,Mh a jh ,dG
j C Ge c .WdG Qb c NG M ,G gh ,G gh ,hCG
c ,GQG Y G bCG hCG ,dG hQ hCG ,e ,G FS T dH
d H f fCG f e IOY ,G O UG G .za S{ a
:dG g Mh ,c OhG e YCG H Nh .H f aCG H ,GHCG d
.V Y SGh N e H
Y SQOCGh ,cH eL f fCS{ ,z?c{ .zj GP GfH S{ fEG b
UCGh ,VQCG S Y hd W YCG cCS ,IOY aCGh ,OdG dG
HdG jh ,a jd Lj e g ?M j J g ,!GfH
hd gP e e ,f gP e Y fCG !gP J Gg ,QaCG Y H cQe
zLQ j dN gP ,GHCG j h ,jL
z?gP g eh{
z!aG ,aG ,aG :d IMGh c QGJ e JCG d ,e M e dG{
z?dG g eh{
zj CG feEH GPeh ,dG g e J CG g dG{
z?H fCa ,j CG feEH GPe h dG g e BG aCG fCG h{
dY Vh ,z!LQ j Y j c MCG ,f ,f{
z?aCG CG qY GPh{
.z!eh aG :d Uh UN !q e ,q e ,q eh ,aG ,aG .SdG Y eCJ Id g{
,MGdGh ,dG e c EG LH ch ,HQ dG c ,e EG GQCG YCG ,OJh
.OdG AdG jDhd LH ,IQG fG eY zHH Y{ TCGh ,dGh G jDhQh
Y a a fCG CH ,jOY AH MCG c ,fMCG ,MW OdG j c dEG j
hCG ,eG G MS IT A hCG ,ZCGh ,G b ,dG NCG
.
q jh G eb Y jh ,A EG A e j jOeQ HS bGQCG CH
G dh ,dH qG zjQ L{ bh ,G e bQR ,HdG L JS
YS hCG YS Ie j fCG Ge ,zjQ L{ f G Ie a ,ON
FS bhCG ,j h j ,f G hj Gh YS eh ,cCG Y
HJ .zQ ,IQdH YS { :bh V ,G j c dCSh jQf LGQO
c ,JS EG Uh H .jQ e L Y Y Ia h ,edG Ib L
J h ,a ,aCG NBG eh ,cGO ,OSCGh QRCG EG eCG Z e GQ
!L b H ,eZ d fEG b M ,cM Y aCG fCGh TCh ,GHCG
.H e GdG d e jCGQ b cCG .G adH ,zhO{`H U GP dGh
j gh ,jFGO QU Y AGG Mh ,eH V ,z?G c ,hO ,gCG{
c Y ,eb e ec L{ ,z?GP ?S{ .zdG c{ fEG b K ,j
,Wd zGJ{ ,zjS{`dG cQeHS Ne eCG Hh ,Hj GY ,Qh ,ZQa
J SCG { ,z?QMG e eCG eb J GPh{ ,z!G L jJ H YGh
G QKGB e f Gh ,Vh ,z!aG OQCG ,GQMd MdG
Hh fCG fEG db ,GRS g GRS ,e{ ,z?GRS QNCG g e{ .eG
.zjU EG LH jOY ICGeG fCG fh ,VQCG eCc ,gfh ,ze{ Y f
hO eh e N j h ,GL Uh Ae IU Y G fQe
,eCG Id IdG g M G OdG HQ MCG ,J{ :b .fe e MMR
,dG eCG GY dG cj CG FdG iMEG jQJ e ,HQ Fb
JOQW GQdG G e c ,a e aj hCG Yj CG Yh ,Ae YL a h
.zd IQU Y ,GNCG Y Gbh ,ADg e a KG HQ TC

30

b ,QOCG CG hO Z dh ,IOdc ,dG Jb d JCj M ,zNCG

ca ,LLdG QGG N W b dG fc ,YH SGh ,H dG
MCG LLdG QGL H L ,g MCG ,NOh ,Me c ,G EG
,SdG e bCG Th ,HCG dj dOf JCG ,fCGh dGh dG
YJ g ,e j SG{ :OOJ H ,Fb ,gJ CG H bh K ,dhdG eh
.zJS J ,edG d j fEG bh ,g AL H Yj d jU{ .zf{ .z?M
,H T .zb QLh ,jH Y e{ .z?T c{ .zYS b{ .z?e ?cJ{
.zOj dh ,fe fS ,fQdd{ .z?gP jCG{ :U d c OdHh
GH T ,GHCG QCG ,gH GHCG H QCG ,JM H e QT JCG LN
,Y dh ,fCG d AT c dhM ,Ie g e c CH ,G H ,c
e j gPh ,ig Z Y eh ,eh ,bRh ,QT c e j c Lh
.iNCG EG e icP
QahdG dP e dG Y IOe SQOCG c ,VG dG fK ,e ,Ie
,AGU H IAGh ,d ,dG dG GQ QGH ge c dG ceCG
Y be e bQZ JLh d ,M dG e cPCG ,G dC e ch
dCa ,g e FGSEG H d e EG gj CG S dG j ,dG dG
H zfCG e fCG{ d b :dG Oa ,?dEG H e dCS EG ,d bCG GPeh :Se
f ,cCS e cCSh ,fCG e fCGh ,c e c fCG :jdG G Jh ,dEG
:Fb ,fCG a Gh ,GL IdG AdG JQf QWEG a e
q GE QahdG
T YCG fCGh ,fR dG CG Vd{ :b ,z?Gg dG GL d j GPe !M{
cCSh ,fR BG fCGh ,fR c fCG :S ,g e dCa ,c fdG Y
T YCG fCGh ,jHCG fR fCG iS GG Gg e T aCG d ,!fR JBG edG
.SCGQ QahdG g ,zc Gg e Y h fR jCG Y
gh ,fc e fch ,IOLe fCG YCG ,dG Gg e fR ,dc c Y G
.zgOLh{ GY e Y AT CG LCG c ,S e Sh ,g e
.z?fCG e fCG g e ,H{ :f GDdG H dCS fCG H N BGh
.zQRCG AdG g Gg !hGh LQ j hGh{ :b

31

,Ie hC H fG T CG cQOCGh ,eT dGh ,T ,AGU IAVEG fc

.zSCe a ,LQ j ,SCe ,H{
zL{ f ,HUCG ShDhQ j gh ,Y f e J ad d UGh ,j
,LQ j{ :bh ,bGh f K ,GHCG N Ie e ,fMh Hh ,LNh ,MUh
.z!ae GYa BG e Y MCS
M f ch ,G H He ,FG Y GOe c b QL f eh
a fGh ,dhdG NBG ,Y GL H Sc Y bh ,dhJ ,QG Gg OLh
G c Jca ,QGZCG d dh ,dEG f ,QG j GC Hh QL
.SdG zAbQdG SH Me{ Hh ,Sd ,zQG RY{ MH QG M
fM ,eG a fM Ie EG ,GHCG dP b Se j S b cCG
,hOQH dh ,c NO a eU ,V bR b QO dEG j ,VQCG
,FG f Lhh ,jhGdG ,fdG Y L ,Vh ,eL dWh ,iQSh
SCdG bh ,SCc j c e ,eU c fG fc ,a bO H ,j GC Hh
,Nj c ,OG Gg Mh jhGdG f f ,Kj c eh ,UCGh ,j
,jh ,j L ch ,GMCG ij h ,NdG jh ,fH UEG a ad jh
HdG a ,JU H dG Gh MdG jdG Gg f a e ,dG e
Md fEG a G f ,eZ OSCG e Sh e j dG f dG
Y YCG ,aY e ,fCG ,H ,FGO T dG QGZCG g f ,AGG
,BGh ,QSe fCG a aY Ie hCG fc gh ,dEG dH WT Lh Xh ,T
:jh QG Y j c
,T j Qj d LY fCG j dPh ,AT c Y jb fCG ,dEG{
.zT YCG d fCG j dPh ,QhdG GH Y fCG ,dEG
b IQGb eh jQh Y J f jQ e ,gCG ,gCGh ,a UCG c
H eO eh ,f GNCGh ,fCG e j Wh ,j JLa dEG f ,d QGb
CG hj ,LQ j ,H{ :bh f ,cCG UCG CG SCG h ,Wh ,jQG e
,H{ H b ,NCG CG qY CG ah ,U FbO eh ,SCGQ g ,zAL GOdG bh
Ggh ,J EG ?dH JCG ,M Y cCG b e ej :NCG GDS d ,
.ze Y h ,Y VQCG S Y C IMGh d dCG d ,dH d bCG ,M
T EG dh ,T J CG h d G e ,jCG fCG fG ,H fG ,LQ j{ :b
.j Oeh ,GOd j eh .zMh fCT Ga ,J CG
fh ,QdG EG G QdG df ,LNh ,b e aYCG H c
Y b dG e Gj Cch c ,T N QCG h ,LdG H ZCG b c ,N
G{ fCG CG Qbh ,d dG SCG ,eOh jM e HUCH JM

2004 jGa/T 11 AHQCG 66 OY