School : SMK SERI PERLING Name : MOHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD NAZMI IC No.

: 970815-01-6351 Class : 4 KEMANUSIAAN Index No. :

Title : The Latest Open Source Available and the Latest Development in ICT

1.0 Introduction Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with an open-source license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software for free to anyone and for any purpose. Opensource software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open-source development and often compared to (technically defined) user genarate content or (legally defined) open-content movements. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, printers, CPU (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc all of which are physical objects that you can actually touch. Software is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS) 2.1 Meaning of open source OS An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. Most operating system perform similar function that includes starting a computer, provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and configuring devices. Some operating system also allows user to control a network and administer security. Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface.

2.2 Example of open source os

- Linux
A Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Since the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux. Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers: more than 90% of today's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including the 10 fastest. Linux also runs on embedded systems (devices where the operating system is typically built into the firmware and highly tailored to the system) such as mobile phones, tablet computers, network routers, televisions and video game consoles; the Android system in wide use on mobile devices is built on the Linux kernel.The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributedcommercially or noncommerciallyby anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and its derivatives such as Fedora and CentOS), Mandriva/Mageia, openSUSE (and its commercial derivative SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), and Arch Linux. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfill the distribution's intended use.A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include the X Window System and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Some such distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xfce for use on older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as OpenSSH. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use. Applications commonly used with desktop Linux systems include the Mozilla Firefox web browser, the LibreOffice office application suite, and the GIMP image editor.

- FreeBSD
a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via BSD UNIX. Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot be called "UNIX", as a direct descendant of BSD UNIX (many of whose original developers became FreeBSD developers), FreeBSD's internals and system APIs are UNIX-compliant. Due to its permissive licensing terms, much of FreeBSDs code base has become an integral part of other operating systems such as Apple's OS X that have subsequently been certified as UNIX-compliant and have formally received UNIX branding. With the exception of the proprietary OS X, FreeBSD is the most widely used BSD-derived operating system in terms of number of installed computers, and is the most widely used freely licensed, open-source BSD distribution, accounting for more than three-quarters of all installed systems running free, open-source BSD derivatives. Characterised in 2005 as "the unknown giant among free operating systems", FreeBSD is a complete operating system. The kernel, device drivers, and all of the userland utilities, such as the shell, are held in the same source code revision tracking tree. (This is in contrast to Linux distributions, for which the kernel, userland utilities, and applications are developed separately, and then packaged together in various ways by others). Thirdparty application software may be installed using various software installation systems, the two most common being source installation and package installation, both of which use the FreeBSD Ports system.

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of open source application software

Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open

Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements. The term open source application softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software.

3.2 Examples of open source application software

Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, interactive 3D applications or video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. It also features a built-in game engine.

BLENDER APPLICATION Eclipse is a multi-language software development environment comprising a base workspace and an extensible plug-insystem for customizing the environment. It is written mostly in Java. It can be used to develop applications in Java and, by means of various plug-ins, other programming languages including Ada, C, C++, COBOL, Fortran, Haskell, JavaScript, Perl, P HP, Python, R, Ruby (including Ruby on Rails framework), Scala, Clojure, Groovy, Scheme, and Erlang. It can also be used to develop packages for the software Mathematica. Development

environments include the Eclipse Java development tools (JDT) for Java and Scala, Eclipse CDT for C/C++ and Eclipse PDT for PHP, among others.

ECLIPSE SOFTWARE

4 The Latest Open Source Application Software 4.1 Hardware Synology DS2413+

Late last year, Synology announced its newest twelve-bay DiskStation DS2413+ for small to medium sized businesses who need loads of storage. Along with supporting up to 48TB worth of drives out of the box, the DS2413+ can be paired with the company's DX1211 expansion enclosure that houses an extra 12 drives, doubling the maximum storage capacity of the base unit to a whopping 96TB. The DS2413+ is currently the flagship model of the latest x13 Series, featuring more memory and greater storage than any other NAS in the line. A little over a year and a half ago we tested its predecessor, the DS2411+, which also supported the DX1211 expansion enclosure and looked similar to what we have here today -- at least on the outside. It's a different story under the hood. The DS2413+'s processor has been upgraded to a gutsier Intel Atom model and there is twice as much memory. Synology has also been working hard to improve their DSM (Disk Station Manager)

software, which is already widely regarded as the best in the industry and just so happened to receive an update recently. DSM 4.2 includes new features and performance improvements over version 4.1

Comparison between DS2413+ with DS1812+

the DS1812+ has a tremendous amount of flexibility. Comprehensive network protocol support assures seamless file sharing across Windows, Mac, and Linux platforms. The unit supports iSCSI, CIFS and NFS, amongst others, and can handle moderate virtualization needs from VMware, Hyper-V and Citrix. Of course DSM 4.1 supports much more, allowing organizations to use features like video surveillance, web serving tools and a file server to name a few. In addition to supporting two expansion drive enclosures, the DS1812+ supports RAM expansion up to 3GB and can handle attached storage via two USB 3.0 ports or four USB 2.0 ports. The DS1812+ can be expanded to up to 72TB by connecting two DX510 via a speciallydesigned eSATA cable to ensure maximum throughput. The unit has dual Ethernet ports that can be set up in aggregation mode for failover and performance benefits.

4.1 Software Python 3.3.1

Python is a dynamic object-oriented programming language that can be used for many kinds of software development. It offers strong support for integration with other

languages and tools, comes with extensive standard libraries, and can be learned in a few days. Many Python programmers report substantial productivity gains and feel the language encourages the development of higher quality, more maintainable code. Python runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga, Palm Handhelds, and Nokia mobile phones. Python has also been ported to the Java and .NET virtual machines. Python is distributed under an OSI-approved open source license that makes it free to use, even for commercial products. Updated 9 April 2013.

Comparison between Python 3.3.1 with Python 3.2

New syntax features:

New yield from expression for generator delegation. The u'unicode' syntax is accepted again for str objects. New library modules: faulthandler (helps debugging low-level crashes) ipaddress (high-level objects representing IP addresses and masks) lzma (compress data using the XZ / LZMA algorithm) unittest.mock (replace parts of your system under test with mock objects) venv (Python virtual environments, as in the popular virtualenv package) New built-in features: Reworked I/O exception hierarchy. Implementation improvements: Rewritten import machinery based on importlib. More compact unicode strings. More compact attribute dictionaries. Significantly Improved Library Modules: C Accelerator for the decimal module. Better unicode handling in the email module (provisional). Security improvements: Hash randomization is switched on by default.

5 Pervasive computing 5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing

Pervasive computing (also called ubiquitous computing) is the growing trend towards embedding microprocessors. The words pervasive and ubiquitous mean "existing everywhere". The aim of Pervasive Computing is for computing available wherever its needed. It spreads intelligence and connnectivity to more or less everything. Ships, Aircrafts, Cars, Bridges, Tunnels, Machines, Refrigerators, Door handles, Lighting fixtures, Shoes, Hats, Tools, Homes and even things like our coffee mugs and even the human body embedded with chips . Mobile Internet access, Third-generation wireless communication, Handheld devices, and Bluetooth have made pervasive computing a reality.

5.2 Examples of pervasive computing

TECHWEAR

Nokia compares mobiles with wallets. What a wallet does is that it transforms infrastructur into personal services. For example a creditcard: there is an infrastructure for payment but you have this tiny card in your wallet, thats enough to pay (mostly) everywhere.

THE E-ZPASS PROCESS

E-ZPass is an electronic toll-collection system used on most tolled roads, bridges, and tunnels in the northeastern United States, south to North Carolina, and west to Illinois. Currently, there are 25 agencies spread across 14 states that make up the E-ZPass Interagency Group (IAG).[1] All member agencies use the same technology, allowing travelers to use the same E-ZPass transponder throughout the IAG network. Various independent systems that use the same technology have been integrated into the E-ZPass system. These includeI-Pass in Illinois, NC Quick Pass in North Carolina, and the defunct M-Tag in Maryland, Smart Tag in Virginia, and Fast Lane inMassachusetts.

6.0 Conclusion
Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so usersare free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interactwith computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will grant your wish.

7.0 Reference
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080719211451AA9NFvs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-computer_interaction http://www.indiana.edu/~ovpit/presentations/ipcres/tsld005.htm http://downloadpedia.org/Open_Source_Operating_Systems http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/software.html http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/PracticeNote.aspx?id=3182 http://etbe.coker.com.au/2007/11/26/pentium-3-vs-pentium-4/ http://www.articlealley.com/article_673694_11.html

Members : iiiiiiMohammad Afiq Bin Mohammad Nazmi Mohd Syariff Bin Mohd Ariff Nur Muhammad Bin Madon