Professional Documents
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-1
v u A B C u = AB . v = AC
) ( P A B . C
v u AB AC ) ( P u v
-2
v u A B C
u = AB . v = AC
* v 0 u 0 u v = AB AC cos BAC
u v = 0
* u = 0 v = 0
* u 0 ' u v = AB AC = AB AC
' C C )(AB
1
= u v
* AB 2 + AC 2 BC 2
2
-3
u A B
u = AB
u u u u 2 = AB 2
u 2
u u = u 2
2
* u = u2
*
v 0u 0
-4
3
3
) (
u v = u v cos u ; v
(u ,v ,w ) V
u v = v u
*
* u (v + w ) = u v + u w
* (v + w ) u = v u + w u
* ) u v = u v = (u v
-5 :
v u .V3
v u
u v = 0
0 V3
ABCDEFGH a
AE.BG AE.AG AG.EB
(u + v ) = u + v + 2u v
2
(u v ) = u 2 + v 2 2u v
(u + v )(u v ) = u 2 v 2
u v
-II
-1
i j k V3 O .
) (i ; j ;k V3
) (i ; j ;k ) ) (O ; i ; j ; k( i j k
.
) (i ; j ;k ) ) (O ; i ; j ; k (
i j k i = j = k = 1
-2
-
.. ) (O ; i ; j ; k
) u( x; y; z .. ) (O ; i ; j ; k
u i = x
; uj =y
; u k = z
-
* - ) u( x; y; z .. ) (o;i ; j ;k u = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
* - ) A ( x A ; y A ; z A ) B ( xB ; yB ; z B .. ) (o;i ; j ;k
( xB x A ) 2 + ( y B y A ) 2 + ( z B z A ) 2
A 1;1; 2 2; 2;0
= AB
C 1; 1; 2
ABC
-3 M u.MA = k
) u ( a;b;c ) A ( x A ; y A ; z A
) M ( x; y; z
u.MA = k ........ ax + by + cz + d = 0
) u ( a;b;c A
M u.MA = k ax + by + cz + d = 0 d
) u ( 2; 1;1 ) A (1; 1; 2
M u.MA = 1
-III
-1
-
) (D1 ) (D2 u 1 u 2
( D1 ) ( D 2 ) u 1 u 2 = 0
) (P u 1 u 2 ) (D u 3
u2 u3
( D ) ( P ) u1 u 3
2
-
* u ) (D ) (P ).( P
* u ) (P v u )(P
* u ) (P v )' (P u v ) (P)'( P
2
* ) ( A ; B ) ( P u ) (P u AB
.(O ; i ; j ; k ) .
) (D ) A(-1; 2 0 ) (P
) u(1;1;1 )v(2;1;1
. (O ; i ; j ; k ) .
) (P ax-2y+z-2=0 ) (D
t IR
x= 2t
y =1+ 3 t
z = 2 + bt
-1 )(P
-2 a b ) (D )(P
-
.
) (P )' (P u v
) (P')(P u v
-2
.a
u A
* A u M AM u = 0
* M AM u = 0 A u
.b
* ) (P ) u(a;b;c ax + by + cz + d = 0
* ax + by + cz + d = 0 ) ( a; b ; c ) ( 0;0;0 ) (P
) u(a;b;c
-1
-2
-3
-4
x+y-2z+1=0
(P) : 2x-y+3z+1=0
(D):
x-y+z-2=0
u ) (P .
) A (2;0;3 ) n(1,2,1 .
) A' (2;0;3 )(D
) A (2;0;3 )(P
-3
-1
.. ) (o;i ; j ;k
A ) (P AH
H A) (P
AB u
= d ( A; ( P ) ) = AH
u
) B (P u )(P
-2
) (P ax + by + cz + d = 0
ax 0 + by 0 + cz 0 + d
a2 + b 2 + c 2
) (P ) B ( 2;1;3 u 1; 1; 2
)) d ( A ; ( P
) A ( x 0 ; y 0 ; z 0
= )) d ( A ; ( P
)A (1;2;0
1
.
) A(1;-1;1 ) B(3;1;-1 ) (P 2x-3y+2z=0 ) (D
x = 3t
x = 2 3t t
z = 2 + 4t
-1 ) (Q A )(D
) (Q A B )(P
-2 )) d(A;(P ))d(A;(D
-3 ) (Q B )(P
2
.
) (P 3x+2y-z-5=0 ) (D
x 2 y + z 3 = 0
x yz+2=0
-1 )(D
) (P ) (D )(P
-IV
) (O ; i ; j ; k
-1
*+
r) S(;r
) (a;b;c ) (E
r
) M(x;y;z )(E
)(x-a)2+(y-b)2+(z-c)2=r2 M=r M S(;r
. o;i ; j ;k
) S(;r ) (a;b;c r
(x-a)2+(y-b)2+(z-c)2=r2
* A B ) S(;r ] [A;B ] [A;B
* ] [A;B ] [A;B r = AB
* ) S(;r x+y+z +x+y+z+=0
.
* ) S(O; r O x+y+z=r
) S(;r ) (a;b;c r
*
) B(;r ) (a;b;c r )M(x;y;z
(x-a)2+(y-b)2+(z-c)2r2
-2
S ][A;B
[AMB] M S M=A AM BM = 0 M=B
A B
M AM BM = 0 ][A;B
-1 S A
-2 S ][A;B
-3 (1): x+y+z-2ax-2by-2cz+d=0
E ) M(x;y;z )(1
(x-a)2+(y-b)2+(z-c)2=a+b+c-d
M E
)(a;b;c
* - a+b+c-d <0E =
* - a+b+c-d =0 } . E={
a+b+c-d = r
* - a+b+c-d >0 ) E=S(;r
a b c d
) M(x;y;z x+y+z-2ax-2by-2cz+d=0
a+b+c-d 0
E ) M(x;y;z x+y+z+4x-2y -6z+5=0
E
) A(2;0;-1 )B(-1;1;-1
M 2MA+3MB=16
II
) S(;r )(P
-1
E ) S(;r ) (P H )(P
d ( ; ( P ) ) = H = d
r
d=r
dr
) (P S r H )(P
) (P : S
* H ) ) r 2 d 2 ( ; ( P d(;(P))< r
* d(;(P))= r ) (P S H
* d(;(P))>r
-2
A )S(;r
) (P S A ) (P ) (A A
A )S(;r
) M(P
A AM = 0
) (P ) S(;r A
O ; i ; j ; k S1
x+y+z-4x+2y-2z-3=0 S2 2 , 2 ) (P
) (P . 2x-y-2z-1=0
x-2y+z+1=0
-1 ) (P S1 .
-2 ) (P . S2
-3 S1 )A(1;1; 3
--3
E ) S(;r ) ( H ) (
d ( ; ( ) ) = H = d
r
) ( S
dr
) ( S
) ( S
H
S : x+y+z-2y +4z+4=0
x = 1 + 2t
( D1 ) : y = 1 + t
z = 3 + t
x = 3t
( D 2 ) : y = 2
z = 2 + t
x = 2 + 2t
1
( D 3 ) : y = + 3 t
3
z = 2
) (O ; i ; j ; k
-1 )(ABC
-2 ) (Q A ) u(1;2;1
-3 ) (P x+y+z=0
- )(P ) (ABC )(D
- )(D
) (C x 2 + z 2 +10z +9=0
y =0
-4
- S ) (C )(ABC
S )(AC
3
) A(1;-1;1 ) B(3;1;-1 ) (P
(D) 2x-3y+2z=0
x = 3t
x = 2 3t t
z = 2 + 4t
-1 ) (Q A B )(D
-2 ) (Q A B )(P
-3 )) d(A;(P ))d(A;(D
-4 ) (Q B )(P
4
) (P 3x+2y-z-5=0
) (D
x 2 y + z 3 = 0
x yz+2=0
-1 )(D
-2 ) (P ) (D ).(P
5
) (P x+y+z+1=0
) (Q 2x-2y-5=0
) (S ) M(x;y;z x+y+z-2x+4y+6z+11=0
-1 ) (S
-2 ) (P
-3 ) (D ) A(0;1;2 )(P
-4 ) ( P ) ( Q )(D ) (P)(Q
6
)A(-2;3;4
) (P (S) x+2y-2z+15=0 ) M(x;y;z
x+y+z-2x+6y+10z-26=0 ) (C
-1
-2
-3
-4
) (S
) (P ) (S )' (C
) (S )(P
)' (S A )(C
x2 + y 2 2 x 8 = 0
z =0
-1
E
) (O ; i ; j ; k
I K OI = i
OK = k
OJ = j
O ; i ; j ; k K O
I
, J .
) (O ; i ; j ; k
) (O ; i ; j ; k
) (O ; i ; j ; k
(O ; i ; j ; k ) * : J
* ) (O ; i ; j ; k J
) (O ; i ; j ; k
*
)
. I K OI = i
(O ; j ; i ; k
(O ; j ; k ; i
(O ; i ; j ; k
ABCDEFGH 1
**
A; AB; AD ; AE
; B; BC ; BA; BF
)
) ( E ; EA ; EF ; EH
OJ = j
OK = k
) ( A ; AD ; AB ; AE
-2
, V3
) ( i ; j ; k
) ( o; i ; j ; k.. . O
-3
) (P k ) , (P O )(P
O ; i ; j.. )(P
O ; i ; j ; k E
8
)
) (O ; i ; j ; k
O ; i ; j ) (P
* ) (P .
) (P )(P
*
II
-1
u = OA
u v V3 A B E v = OB
u v , u v
:
. u v = o
* u v
u v :
* u v
u v u v
) ( u ; v ; u v .v sin -
u v = u
(O ; i ; j ; k
AOB
i i = j j = k k =0
k i = j
i k =j
j k =i
k j = i
i j =k
j i = k
* u v ) ( u ; v ; u v .
u v [ ]0;
(u; v ) =
u v = 5
v =2
u =5
-2
-
A B C AB AC ).(ABC
A B C
)(AB
HC = AC sin
AB AC = AB. AC.sin
AB AC = AB HC
ABC AB AC
ABDC AB AC
-
u v
u v u v
* ) (-
*
H , CAB C
u v =0 u v
u v sin = 0
sin = 0
sont lis
uetv
v =0
v =0
u =0
u = 0
A B C AB AC = 0
- )(
(u + v ) w = u w + v w
) ( u ) v = ( u v
) u v = (v u
( u ; v ; w ) V33
u u = 0u = u 0 = 0
) ( o; i ; j ; k .
( i + 2k ) j
i 3j
; a b = c d
( i + j 2k ) k
) ( 2i j ) ( 3i + 4 j
ac =b d
a d b c
-3 .. .
) ( o; i ; j ; k
) u ( x; y; z
( )
u v ) ( i ; j ; k ) (X;Y;Z
' Z = xy ' yx
' X = yz ' zy
' Y = zx ' xz
)v ( 2; 1;1
u v
III
) u (1; 2;0
)A (1; 2;1
) B ( 0; 3; 2
)(ABC
10
)C (1; 2;1
-1
A B C
M ( ABC ) AB AC AM
)(ABC
-3
) (D A M , u H )(D
AM u = AH + HM u = HM u
AHetu
lis
= HM . u
AM u = HM u = HM . u sin
AM u
u
= HM
) (D A M , u .
M ) (D
AM u
u
= )) d ( M ; ( D
)A(3;2;-1
x = 2t
( D ) : y = 2t
z = 1+ t
? = ) ) d ( A; ( D
)A(1;2;1 ) B(-2;1;3 ) (D
x 2y + z 3 = 0
2 x + 3 y z 1 = 0
-1 OA OB )(OAB
-2 ))d(A;(D
-3 )(S A )(D
11