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9#

) analysis of variance (ANOVA

)statistical
(model

variance
.

F


.


:
(1
= ) 2 (1
(2
.
(3 )( 1 P P
= 1 (1 )n .
0.05
0.95
10 5
10 = ( 1 2 ) ( 4 5 ) = 2 ) 0.4013 = 10(0.95
) ( 0.4013 = 10(0.95) 1
) (
) ( Analysis of variance ANOVA
) (Ronald A.Fisher
one-
.way ANOVA
) (

(



:
(1 .
.
(2
(3 .

 )
( :

40
41
40.5
38.5

27
28
26.5
26.5

33
32
33.5
31.5

X1 = 40
S1 = 1.08

X2= 27
S2 = 0.71

X3 = 32.5
S3 = 0.91

:
: ) ( )( ) 32.5 27 40(
) (38.5 40.5 41 40 .
:

40
15
65
X1 = 40
S1 = 25

50
20
11
X2= 27
S2 =20.4

10
60
27.5
X3 = 32.5
S3 =25.4

) (
.


.

:
H1 :

Ho : 1 = 2 = 3 = ... k ,

) (
Ho
2:


2 :

Sw2 )(Within Group

:

.
Ho Si2 Ho

2 2 / n:

X 2 Sx2
' n:

) ( Between Group
2 H0 H0

H0 H0
Sw2:

:
SB2 Sw2 F
) ( k 1 n k n
)(F
F H0 F > F
.F

F

k
n1 n2 nk ...
k Xji i j
:

Sample k

Sample ...

Sample 2

Xk1
Xk2
:
Xknk

X21
X22
:
X2n2

:
:

Sample 1

1
X11
2
X12
:
:
N
X1n1

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Tk

= N


)(

T1

N = n1 + n2 + ... + nk
T = T1 + T2 + ... + Tk

:
(1
) ( Xji X.. ) i = 1, 2, ..., k ( ) j = 1, 2, ..., n (.
(2 )( Xji X..

.
(3 ) ( Xji Xi
.
) (
) F ( K :

) F(
Tabulated
)(Sig.

) F(
Mean squares Calculated

df

)(MS

Sum of

Source of

squares

Variance

)(SS

SB2
F (K 1) , (N

K1

SSB

Groups

SB2 / SW2

)K
2

SW

NK

N1

Between

SSW

Within
Groups

SST = SSB

)(Error

+ SSW

Total


) (
.
= 0.05
.
Class 3
58
62
77
90
80

:
MINITAB

Class 2
96
87
66
55
78

Class 1
66
65
88
92
60

SPSS
EXCEL

H0 : 1 = 2 = 3 :

H1 :

:
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
X1
X12
X2
X22
X3
X32
66
4356
96
9216
58
3364
65
4225
87
7569
62
3844
88
7744
66
4356
77
5929
92
8464
55
3025
90
8100
60
3600
78
6084
80
6400
2
2
2
T1 = 371, T1
T = 382, T2
T = 367, T3
28389 2
30250 3
27637
= 137641
= 145924
= 134589
T2 = 1254400

T = T1 + T2 + T3 = 371 +382 + 367 =1120

N = 15

n1 = n2 = n3 = 5

SSB = 137641 / 5 + 145924 / 5 + 134689 / 5 1254400 / 15

= 418254 / 5 1254400 / 15
= 83650.8 83626.7
= 24.1
SSW = X12 + X22 + X32 83650.5
= 28389 + 30250 + 27637 83650.5
= 86276 83650.5
= 2625.5
SB2 = 24.1 / (3 1) = 12.1
SW2 = 2625.5 / (15 3) = 218.8
F = SB2 / SW2
F = 12.05 / 218.8
)F = 0.055 < 3.89 = F(2 , 12

)(

) F(

Tabulat

Calculated

F (K 1) , (N

SB2 / SW2

3.89

12.05/218.5
0.055

)Mean squares (MS

df

)Sum of squares (SS

SB2 = 24.1/2 = 12.05

K1=31=2

SSB = 24.1

ource of Variance

SW2 = 2625.5/12 = 218.8

N K = 15 3 = 12
N 1 = 15 1 = 14

SSW = 2625.5
SST = SSB + SSW

Between Groups

)hin Groups (Error

= 2649.6

F F =
0.05 .
http://www.jmasi.com/ehsa/tabin/variance.htm

Total

P-value
.
. : .



.
David S. Moore Statistics :Concepts
and Controversies .
:
P-value
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.
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option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=57