Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.

HCM

02/01/09

Lu Nguyn Hng Quang

CC CU HI V BI TP N TP LP 10 HO I. Cu to nguyn t - Bng h thng tun hon 1. Cho bit ngha ca b 4 s lng t? Mt nguyn t c electron cht c b 4 s lng t l: a) n = 3; l = 2; ml = -2; ms = -1/2 b) n = 3; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = -1/2 c) n = 2; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2 d) n = 4; l = 3; ml = 0; ms = +1/2 Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t trn v cho bit chng thuc nguyn t g? Quy c: ml nhn cc gi tr ln lt t -l, , 0, , +l. 2. Tnh nng lng ca h Li. Suy ra cc nng lng ion ho ca Li. 3. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v ion sau: a) Cr; Mo; W b) Fe; Fe2+; Fe3+ c) Cu; Ag; Au d) Cl; ClBit Cr, Mo, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Cl c Z ln lt l 24, 42, 74, 26, 29, 47, 79, 17. 4. Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc ion sau: a) M+ 3d10 b) M3+ 3p6 c) M3+ 3d5 d) X- 4p6 e) X2- 3p6 T suy ra cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t . 5. Cho bit s thay i nng lng ion ho I1 ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong chu k 2. Gii thch. 6. Cho bng sau: Nguyn t Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Nng lng ion ho I2 (eV) 11,87 12,80 13,58 14,15 16,50 15,64 Nhn xt v gii thch s bin i trn 7. a) Tm 2 nguyn t A, B bit: tng s proton ca 2 ngt A v B l 32, 2 nguyn t ny thuc cng 1 nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip. b) C, D l 2 nguyn t c tng s proton l 23. D thuc nhm VA. c) E, F c tng s proton l 23 v thuc cng 1 chu k. 8. X thuc chu k 4, Y thuc chu k 2 ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. Ii l nng lng ion ho th i ca mt nguyn t. Thc nghim cho bit t s Ik+1/ Ik ca X v Y nh sau: I k +1 Ik X Y I2 I1 1,94 2,17 I3 I2 4,31 1,96 I4 I3 1,31 1,35 I5 I4 1,26 6,08 I6 I5 1,30 1,25

Lp lun xc nh X v Y. II. Lin kt ho hc 1. Nu lun im ca thuyt VB, thuyt MO. Gii thch cu to phn t ca CO theo thuyt VB, thuyt MO. Cho bit bc lin kt trong phn t CO. So snh nng lng ion ho I1 gia CO v O2.

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 02/01/09 Lu Nguyn Hng Quang Gii thch v sao CO c kh nng to phi tr vi cc nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip to thnh phc carbonyl. Hi CO cho phi tr u C hay u O? 2. a) Vit cng thc Lewis hp l nht cho phn t N2O. b) Bit cc gi tr di ni o c trong thc t v theo l thuyt nh sau: Thc t trong phn t N2O: N-N: 0,112 N-O: 0,119 (nm) L thuyt: N=N (lin kt i): 0,120 N N (lin kt ba): 0,110 N=O (lin kt i): 0,115 N-O (lin kt n): 0,147 (nm) Biu din cng thc cu to phn t N2O hp l theo cc d liu thc nghim. Xc nh dng hnh hc ca phn t ny. 3. So snh bn ca cc tiu phn: a) O2, O+ 2 , O2 b) CN, CN4. Cho bit cu trc hnh hc v trng thi lai ho ca cc nguyn t trung tm trong cc phn t sau: CBr4 , IF5 , XeF4 , BrF3 , Fe(CO)5 , I3 5. So snh momen lng cc ca NH3, NF3, BF3. Gii thch. 6. a) Gii thch ti sao khng c phn t BH3 m li c phn t BF3, BCl3. Cho bit cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t trn. b) Cho bit s hnh thnh phn t B2H6. c) Cho bit v sao AlCl3 c th dime ho to thnh Al2Cl6 cn BCl3 th khng? d) So snh kh nng dime ho ca cc halogenua ca nhm. 7. a) So snh bn lin kt trong phn t F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. b) So snh tnh acid ca HF, HCl, HBr, HI c) Gii thch to sao khng tn ti phn t HIO4 nh HClO4, HBrO4 m to thnh phn t H5IO6. d) Gii thch ti sao c tn ti phn t IF7 m khng c phn t ClF7. 8. Cho bit v sao: a) CO2 t tan trong nc cn SO2 li tan tng i nhiu trong nc. b) I2 khng tan trong nc m tan trong benzen c) CO2 tan nhiu trong nc hn I2 d) O3 tan trong nc nhiu hn O2. e) NH3 d ho lng f) NO2 d dime ho g) Benzen khng tan trong nc 9. Cho bit cng thc cu to ca SO3. 10. So snh bn, tnh acid, tnh oxi ho ca HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4. 11. Vit phn ng ca cc phn t halogen vi nc. So snh. 12. Cho bng sau:

Nhn xt v gii thch. 13. iu ch HCl ngi ta s dng phng php sulfat. Vit phn ng xy ra.

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 02/01/09 Lu Nguyn Hng Quang Hi c th iu ch HBr, HI bng phng php hay khng? 24. Hy cho bit nhng nhn nh sau ng hay sai? 1. Vi cc nguyn t phi kim H, O, Cl trng thi n nguyn t km hot tnh hn dng phn t H2,O2,Cl2 2. Chiu di d(X-X) trong lin kt CHT t FI s tng 3. Trong hp cht AlCl3 bn cht lin kt l ion >95% 4. Trong kh nng to hp cht th ch s phi tr s tng dn t FloIot do bn knh ln hn. 5. Vi nguyn t Flo ngoi s oxi ha m cn c s oxi ha dng 6. Trong 4 n cht F2, Cl2, Br2 v I2 th I2 c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao nht. 15. Tinh th l g? Cho bit cc loi tinh th? c im? 16. Tm 2 cht c th thuc dng AX3E2. Cho bit cc dng hnh hc c th c ca phn t c dng AX4 v nu v d c th 17. Phn bit cc khi nim: s phn cc ion, s phn cc lin kt, s phn cc phn t. 18. Bit rng nng lng ion ho th nht I1 ca Mg l 735 kJ/mol, nh hn nng lng ion ha th hai ca n, I2 = 1445 kJ/mol; i lc electron th nht ca O l -142 kJ/mol, trong khi vic nhn thm electron th hai ca n i hi phi cung cp nng lng l 844 kJ/mol. Ti sao hp cht to thnh gia chng l MgO, c cho l to bi cc ion 2+ 2+ Mg v O m khng phi l Mg v O ? 19. Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t nhit si tng dn v gii thch: CO2, H2O, N2, AlCl3, SiO2. III. Phn ng oxi ho - kh 1. Cht oxi ho l g? Cht kh l g? S oxi ho l g? S kh l g? Th no l phn ng oxi ho - kh? Cho bit s oxi ho l g? Xc nh s oxi ho ca nguyn t trung tm ca cc hp cht: H2SO4, NH4NO3, HNO3, CO2, CH4, H2SO4, H2S2O7, H2S2O8, H2SO4, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 2. Nu cc bc cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh theo phng php thng bng electron. Cn bng cc phn ng sau: 1. Zn + NaNO3 + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + NH3 + H2O 2. S + H2SO4 c SO2 + H2O 3. Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O 4. Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O 5. KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O 6. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 7. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + H2O K2SO4 + MnO2 + KOH 8. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + KOH K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + H2O 9. Ni + HNO3 Ni(NO3)2 + NO + NO2 + H2O 10. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + N2O + H2O Bit t khi hi ca hn hp A (gm NO & N2O) so vi hidro l 17, 20, 21, 22 11. FeI2 + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + I2 + SO2 + H2O 12. FeS2 + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 02/01/09 Lu Nguyn Hng Quang 13. CuFeS2 + HNO3 ? + Fe2(SO4)3 + ... + H2O 14. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 15. FeBr2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Br2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O 16. M2On + HNO3 M(NO3)3 + NO + H2O 17. M2On + HNO3 M(NO3)m + NO2 + H2O 18. MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)n + N2O + H2O 19. FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O 20. FexOy + CO FemOn + CO2 21. Ni + HNO3 Ni(NO3)2 + NxOy + H2O 22. CuFeS2 + O2 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O CuSO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 3. Nu cc bc cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh bng phng php ion electron. Cn bng cc phn ng sau: 1. Zn + NaNO3 + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + NH3 + H2O 2. KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O 3. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 4. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + H2O K2SO4 + MnO2 + KOH 5. KMnO4 + K2SO3 + KOH K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + H2O 6. ClO + I + H + ... + I 2 + H 2 O 7. MnO 2 + ... + Cl Mn 2+ + ... 8. K 2S2O8 + MnSO4 + H 2 O KMnO4 + ...
9. Cl2 + I + H 2 O IO3 + ...

10. Na 2SO3 + FeCl3 + H 2 O ... 4. Vit phn ng v cn bng phn ng sau: a) Toluen + KMnO4 (dung dch) acid benzoic b) Stiren + KMnO4 (dung dch) diol c) Etilen + KMnO4 (dung dch) diol 5. Th no l phn ng t oxi ho - kh? Th no l phn ng ni oxi ho - kh? Cho v d. IV. Nhit ng ho hc 1. Nhit ng hc l g? Nhit ng ho hc l g? Ni nng l g? Hiu ng nhit ca phn ng? Hiu ng nhit ng p? Hiu ng nhit ng tch? Phng trnh nhit ho hc l g? Cho bit cc khi nim sau: nng lng ion ho, i lc electron, nng lng lin kt, nhit phn li (nhit nguyn t ho), nng lng mng li tinh th, nhit phn hu, sinh nhit, sinh nhit nguyn t, thiu nhit, nhit ho tan, nhit hidrat ho cc ion, sinh nhit tiu chun ca cc ion hidrat, nhit chuyn pha? Pht biu nguyn l th nht nhit ng lc hc, nh lut Hess, nh lut Lavoisier Laplace. 2. Sinh nhit tiu chun ca CO2(g) l -393,4 kJ/mol. Thiu nhit chun ca H2(g) l 268 kJ/mol. Sinh nhit chun ca C2H5NH2 l -316 kJ/mol. Nhit bay hi ca H2O(l) l 44,0157 kJ/mol

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 02/01/09 Lu Nguyn Hng Quang Tnh enthalpy chun ca phn ng: 15 2C 2 H5 NH 2 (g) + O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 7H 2 O(g) + N2 (g) 2 Tnh nhit ng tch ti 298 K ca phn ng: 15 2C 2 H5 NH 2 (g) + O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 7H 2 O(l) + N 2 (g) 2 3. Bit gi tr nhit ng ca cc cht sau iu kin chun l: Cht o s (kcal.mol-1) So (cal.mol1 .K 1 ) Fe 0 6,5 O2 0 49,0 FeO -63,7 14,0 Fe2O3 -169,5 20,9 Fe3O4 -266,9 36,2

a) Tnh bin thin nng lng t do Gibbs ( G o ) ca s to thnh cc oxit st t cc n cht iu kin chun. b) Cho bit iu kin chun oxit no bn nht? 4. Bit nhit to thnh tiu chun ca HI (k) l 26 kl mol-1; nng lng b gy lin kt HI, H-H v I-I ln lt l 295, 423 v 149 kJ mol-1; enthalpy ca qu trnh I2 (r) I2 (k) l 62,44 kJ mol-1 (tt c cc gi tr u o 25oC) Tnh enthalpy ca phn ng 2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2 (k) 5. Cho cc d kin sau: Nng lng kJ.mol-1 Nng lng kJ.mol-1 thng hoa ca Na 108,68 lin kt ca Cl2 242,60 ion ho th nht ca Na 495,80 mng li NaF 922,88 lin kt ca F2 155,00 mng li NaCl 767,00 Sinh nhit ca NaF(s) l -573,60 kJ/mol Sinh nhit ca NaCl(s) l -401,28 kJ/mol Tnh i lc electron ca F v Cl. So snh v gii thch. 6. Xt mng tinh th KCl: Tnh nng lng mng tinh th KCl, bit rng: o H f, KCl (r) = -436,7 kJ/mol Hthang hoa (K) = 89 kJ/mol I1 (K) = 418,8 kJ/mol Hphan ly (Cl2) = 122 kJ/mol A1 (Cl) = -349 kJ/mol Ti sao c s khc bit gia gi tr nng lng mng tinh th v nhit to thnh ca KCl, nu ngha ca 2 gi tr nhit ng ny. 7. t chy etan ( C2H6 ) thu sn phm l kh CO2 v H2O ( lng ) 25C. a) Vit phng trnh nhit ho hc ca phn ng xy ra. Hy xc nh nhit hnh thnh etan v nng lng lin kt C=O. Bit khi t chy 1 mol etan to ra lng nhit l 1560,5KJ. V :

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM Hht ( KJ.mol ) CO2 H2O (l) O2 -393,5 -285,8 0
-1

02/01/09 Lin kt CC HC HO O=O

Lu Nguyn Hng Quang Nng lng lin kt ( KJ.mol-1 ) 347 413 464 495

b) Phn ng c G = -1467,5 ( KJ.mol-1). Hy tnh bin thin entropi ca phn ng cho theo n v J.mol-1.K-1. V. Cn bng ho hc Cn bng ion trong dung dch 1. Phn ng thun nghch l g? Th no l cn bng ho hc? Hng s cn bng. Th no l s chuyn dch cn bng? Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc? Pht biu nguyn l Le Chatelier. 2. Vit biu thc hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng sau: a) CaCO3 (s) CaO(s) + CO 2 ( g )

b) CaCO3 (s) + H 2 O(l) + CO2 (g) Ca 2 + (aq) + 2HCO3 (aq) 1 c) Ce4+ (aq) + H 2 (g) Ce3+ (aq) + H+ (aq) 2 3. Xt cn bng: 2HgO(s) 2Hg(g) + O2 (g) Cho m gam HgO(s) vo bnh chn khng c th tch khng i V = 10 L sau a ln 500oC cn bng, p sut ton phn l p = 3,9 bar (1 bar = 1,013 atm) 1. Chng minh rng cn bng ch c thit lp khi m t nht phi bng mo no . Tnh mo. 2. Trong h cha HgO(s), Hg(g) v O2(g) cn bng. Cn bng s dch chuyn v chiu no khi a thm (ng nhit, ng tch): a) HgO b) O2 c) Hg(l) 4. Phn ng thun nghch l g? Nu v d. Trong l cy xy ra hai phn ng song song nhau: clorophyl, h C6 H12 O6 + 6O 2 _ Phn ng quang hp: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O _ Phn ng h hp: C6 H12 O6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O km theo qu trnh phng thch nng lng. C th vit gp hai phn ng trn li thnh 1 phn ng thun nghch: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C6 H12 O6 + 6O 2 c hay khng? 5. S thit lp v ph v cn bng: 1073K, cn bng tng hp CaCO3 theo phng trnh: CaO(s) + CO 2(g) CaCO3(s) c hng s cn bng K = 2,5. t trong bnh c th tch khng i V = 10 L mt lng CaO (c s mol no = 0,20 mol) v a vo bnh mt lng CO2 c s mol l n ti nhit khng i l 1073K.

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM

02/01/09

Lu Nguyn Hng Quang

V th biu din p CO2 = f(n) 6. Amoni clorua lm bay hi th phn hu theo phng trnh: NH 4 Cl(s) NH3 (g) + HCl(g) p sut hi ca NH4Cl(g) l khng ng k. Ngi ta thy rng ti 520K s phn li t n trng thi cn bng th tng p sut bng 0,05 atm. Trong mt th nghim th hai 0,02 mol NH4Cl(s) v 0,02 mol NH3 cho vo bnh 42,7 lt, gi 520 K. Tnh lng cht (s mol) c mt ti cn bng v p sut ring phn ca hai kh. 7. Cho bit khi nim acid base theo Arrhenius, Bronsted, Lewis. Th no l dung dch acid, dung dch base, tnh cht? pH ca dung dch l g? Cng thc? 8. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: dung dch H3PO4 0,1 M; dung dch NaH2PO4 0,1 M; dung dch Na2H PO4 0,1 M v dung dch Na3PO4 0,1 M. Cho bit H3PO4 c pKa1 = 2,148; pKa2 = 7,21 v pKa3 = 12,32. 9. Nhn ca mt bnh cha acid long b hng nng, ch c th c c duy nht gi tr nng . Bn cnh c mt pH k v sau mt php o nhanh th kt qu thu c nng ca ion hidro ngang bng vi gi tr nng ghi trn nhn. a) a ra cng thc ca 4 acid c th tho mn iu kin ny nu pH thay i i 1 n v khi pha long 10 ln. b) C th l dung dch sulfuric acid hay khng? Cho bit H2SO4 c pKa2 = 1,99 Nu c, tnh gi tr pH (hay t nht l c lng c n). c) C th l dung dch acetic acid c hay khng? Cho bit acetic acid c pKa = 4,76 Nu c, tnh gi tr pH (hay t nht l c lng c n). d) C th l dung dch EDTA (etylen diamino tetraacetic acid) c hay khng? c php s dng cc quy c tnh gn ng chp nhn c. Cho bit EDTA c: pKa1 = 1,70; pKa2 = 2,60; pKa3 = 6,30; pKa4 = 10,60 Nu c, tnh nng EDTA. 10. Tch s tan ca mt mui t tan trong dung dch nc l hng s cn bng ca qu trnh in ly mui t tan (thc ra l bao gm 2 qu trnh: qu trnh ho tan ca mui t tan l qu trnh thun nghch v qu trnh in li l phn ng 1 chiu) . V d, xt mt mui t tan c cng thc l AmBn: A m Bn (s) mA n + (aq) + nBm (aq) th tch s tan ca AmBn, k hiu l T hoc Ksp, c xc nh bi biu thc: T = [An+]m.[Bm-]n 1. Hy xc nh tan S (tnh theo n v mol/l) ca mui t tan AmBn trn. 2. Cng thc c thit lp cu a ch c p dng trong trng hp n gin khi cc ion c phn li ra khng tng tc vi cc phn t nc. Nu cc ion c tham gia phn ng vi cc phn t nc th tan c th b thay i. C th, hy tnh tan ca PbS trong 2 trng hp sau: a) Khng k n phn ng gia cc ion vi H2O b) Xt phn ng gia cc ion vi H2O Bit TPbS = 10-28; K b(S2 ) = 3.102 ; K b(HS ) = 107 11. Cho bit mi quan h gia K, T , G, 12. Cn bng ni tip: S kh Fe3O4 950 K c thc hin 2 giai on:

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM

02/01/09

Lu Nguyn Hng Quang K1 = 1

2SO3 (g) 2SO 2 (g) + O2 (g) K 2 = 27,0 1300K trong mt bnh kn lc u l chn khng c th tch V = 10 L cha 0,1 mol MnSO4. Xc nh p sut ring phn, p sut ton phn v thnh phn cui ca h lc cn bng. 14. Cho cc cn bng sau: (A) CO(g) + 2H 2 (g) CH3OH(l) o < 0 (B) 2CO2 (g) O2 (g) + 2CO(g) o > 0 o > 0 o < 0 (C) Fe3O4 (s) + H 2 (g) 3FeO(s) + H2 O(g)

K 2 = 0,5 Ngi ta t trong mt bnh c th tch khng i mt lng manhetic n0 = 0,01 mol v thm dn lng H2 (n mol) vo. V th: pH y = 2 = f(n) p 13. Xt 2 cn bng sau: 3MnSO 4 (s) Mn 3O 4 (s) + 2SO3 (g) + SO 2 (g) K1 = 3,5.103

(1) Fe3O4 + H 2 3FeO + H2 O ( 2 ) FeO + H2 Fe + H2 O

C(s) + CO 2 (g) 2CO(g) K2 o 1. Tnh hng s cn bng K1 v K2 ca cc cn bng trn 700 C 2. Tnh cc p sut ring phn v p sut ton phn ca cc cht kh trong cc cn bng ny. 3. Cn bng trn s dch chuyn theo chiu no khi thm: a. C(s) T v V khng i. b. C(s) T v p khng i c. CO(g) T v V khng i d. CO2(g) T v V khng i e. CO2(g) T v p khng i Cc s liu c gi nh rng c lp vi nhit : C(s) CO2(g) CO(g) PbO(s) PbCO3(s) o 1 0 -393,1 -110,4 -215,1 -698,5 f (kJ.mol ) 5,7 213,4 197,3 68,6 130,8 So (J.K 1.mol1 ) 16. Bit rng Cu(OH)2 bt u kt ta pH = 4,84. Tnh tch s tan ca Cu(OH)2.

(E) 2N 2 O5 (s) 4NO 2 (g) + O2 (g) o > 0 Xc nh nh hng i vi cc cn bng ny: a. Tng ng p nhit b. Tng ng nhit p sut c. Cho vo h mt cu t tr th kh ng nhit, ng tch d. Cho vo h mt cu t tr th kh ng nhit, ng p 15. S phn hu ch cacbonat Xt mt h trong lun tn ti hai cn bng: PbCO3 (s) PbO(s) + CO2 (g) K1

(D) 2CaC2 (s) + O2 (g) 2CaO(s) + 4CO(g)

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM

+ 2-14 -2

02/01/09

Lu Nguyn Hng Quang

-7

17. Tnh [H ], [OH ], [HSO4 ], [SO4 ] trong dung dch H2SO4 1,0.10 M. Bit: Kw = 1,0.10 , K2 (H2SO4) = 1,2.10 . 18. xc nh hm lng cc cht trong mt mu bt mi c thnh phn gm Na2CO3, Na2HPO4, v CaCO3, ngi ta lm nh sau: Ly mt mu bt mi A cn nng 1,049 g cho vo 30,0 mL dung dch HCl 1,0 M, ng thi un nng nh hn hp dung dch cho ti khi khng cn bt kh thot ra. Dung dch to thnh gi l dung dch B. Tip theo, cho d dung dch K2C2O4 vo dung dch B un nng, v lc b tt c cht rn to thnh. Nc qua lc c thu vo bnh nh mc v nh mc n 250,0 mL (dung dch C). Ly mi ln 10 mL dung dch C, chun bng dung dch NaOH 0,050 M vi ch th bromocresol xanh hoc thymolphtalein. Khi chun bng bromocresol xanh, im tng ng t c khi dng ht 10,4 mL dung dch NaOH. Khi chun vi ch th thymolphtalein, im tng ng xy ra khi dng ht 12,0 mL dung dch NaOH. 1. Chng minh mu bt mi A tan ht trong 30,0 mL dung dch HCl 1,0 M. Vit cc phng trnh biu din phn ng xy ra trong giai on ny. 2. Vit phng trnh biu din phn ng xy ra khi cho dung dch K2C2O4 vo dung dch B. Dung dch C c nhng ion no? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chun dung dch C vi dung dch NaOH khi dng cc ch th nu trong bi v tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong A. Bit rng bromocresol xanh chuyn mu pH 3,8 5,4; thymolphtalein chuyn mu pH 9,3 10,5. 3. Ti sao trong qui trnh th nghim trn, ngi ta li cho d dung dch K2C2O4 vo dung dch B v loi b kt ta? Nu khng lm giai on ny (ngha l chun dung dch B thay v dung dch C), chnh xc ca kt qu nh lng c b nh hng g khng? 19. a) Tnh pH ca dung dch cha ng thi NH3 0,1M v NH4Cl 0,08 M. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl 10-7 M trong nc. 2 SO3 (k). 20. Tin hnh phn ng sau trong iu kin c xc tc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) o Khi phn ng t cn bng 500 C, 1 atm, thnh phn ca h gm: 10,30 mol SO3, 5,37 mol O2, 0,21 mol SO2, v 84,12 mol N2. a) Vit biu thc cn bng Kp v Kc ca phn ng trn. Tm mi lin h gia Kp v Kc. b) Tnh Kp ca phn ng. c) Bit hn hp trc phn ng khng c SO3, tnh thnh phn ca hn hp u. d) Tnh chuyn ho SO2 trong phn ng trn. 21. Mt dung dch cha NaCl 0,1 M v NaBr 0,01 M. Thm AgNO3 vo dung dch t t v khuy u cho dung dch t cn bng (gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i) a) Tnh nng Ag+ trong dung dch AgCl bt u kt ta v AgBr bt u kt ta. Trong th nghim trn, AgCl hay AgBr s kt ta trc? Bit K sp (AgCl) = 1,8 1010 v K sp (AgBr) = 5,0 1013 . b) Khi 99,9% cht th nht kt ta, hi cht th hai bt u kt ta cha? Hi cch khc, c th thu c 2 kt ta ring bit khng?

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VI. in ho hc 1. Th no l cp oxi ho - kh lin hp? Cho bit s hnh thnh ca lp in tch kp? Th no l pin in, in cc, th in cc, sc in ng ca pin? Cho bit quy tc vit s pin, cch xc nh th in cc tng i, ngha ca th in cc chun, dy in ho ca kim loi Cho bit s lin h gia hng s cn bng vi sc in ng. Cho bit cc yu t quyt nh n th in cc, cc yu t nh hng n th in cc, phng trnh Nernst. Cho bit cc loi in cc, phng trnh Nernst ng vi mi loi. 2. a. Da vo th in cc hy cho bit iu kin phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra? b. Xt phn ng: Zn + Cu 2+ Zn 2 + + Cu xy ra theo chiu no? Cho o = 0,34 V; E o = 0, 76 V . Cu 2+ /Cu Zn 2+ /Zn c. Phn ng: 2Fe3+ + Cu Cu 2 + + 2Fe 2+ xy ra theo chiu no? Bit o = 0,77 V. Fe3+ /Fe2+ 3. Da vo bng gi tr th in cc: a. Cho bit cht no trong cc cht say y oxi ho c Fe2+ thnh Fe3+: Cl2; Br2; I2, KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4. b. Xc nh chiu ca phn ng sau: 1 Fe3+ + Cl Fe2+ + Cl2 2 1 Fe3+ + Br Fe2 + + Br2 2 1 Fe3+ + I Fe2+ + I2 2 4. a. Xt chu trnh: Mm+ + me(b) +(n - m)e (c) M Mn+

+ ne (a) Tm mi lin h gia th chun ca 3 cp oxi ho - kh b. p dng: tnh th oxi ho - kh chun ca cp Fe3+/Fe. Bit: E o = 0,44 V; E o = 0,77 V Fe 2+ /Fe Fe3+ /Fe2+ 5. Mt nguyn t c th tn ti nhiu trng thi oxi ho khc nhau. Ta c th lp gin biu din s chuyn dn t trng thi oxi ho cao sang trng thi oxi ho thp. Gin c gi l gin Latimer. Da vo gin Latimer ta c th bit c tiu phn no bn v phng nhit ng, bn v phng din oxi ho - kh. a. Xt gin sau (trong mi trng acid):

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 1,23 V O2 0,695 V H2O2

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1,76 V

H2O

- 0,13 V

HO2

Hi ti iu kin bnh thng, H2O2 c bn v mt nhit ng hay khng? b. Cho gin Latimer ca st: - 0,44 V 0,77 V Fe3+ Fe2+ Fe T gin trn so snh tnh bn (v phng din oxi ho - kh) ca cc ion Fe2+ v Fe3+. c. Da vo gin Latimer ca crom trong mi trng acid: 1,33 V -0,4V -0,91V Cr2O72Cr3+ Cr2+ Cr
2 So snh tnh bn v phng din oxi ho - kh ca Cr2 O7 ; Cr3+ v Cr2+ trong nc 6. Gin Latimer i vi dy cc tiu phn cha crom trong mi trng acid (pH=0) v base (pH=14) c cho di:

1,72 V Cr2O720,55 V Cr(V) 0,95 V Cr(IV) 2,10 V Cr3+ -0,42 V Cr2+ -0,74 V Cr

CrO42-

- 0,11 V - 0,72 V

Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)4-

- 1,33 V - 1,33 V

Cr

a) Tm ba gi tr cn thiu b) Cr(V) v Cr(IV) c bn hay khng? Hi cch khc, cc tiu phn c b d phn khng? Tnh hng s cn bng i vi phn ng d phn ca Cr2+. c) Tnh tch s tan ca crom (III) hidroxit trong nc v hng s bn ton phn ca ion tetrahidroxo cromat (III). Gin Latime ca dy cc tiu phn ca oxi c cho trong mi trng acid (pH = 0) v base (pH = 14) c cho di y:

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM 1,23 V O2 0,695 V H2O2 1,76 V H2O

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- 0,13 V

HO2 0,40 V

O2

- 0,06 V

HO2-

0,87 V

H2O

0,20 V O2d) Chuyn g s xy ra nu pH ca mt dung dch cha ng thi cromat (VI), crom (III) v hidro peoxit bng 0? Cu hi tng t cho trng hp pH = 14. Vit cc phng trnh v tnh gi tr ca sc in ng chun tng ng. 7. C th ha tan kim loi Pt bng: (a) acid nitric, (b) nc vng thy hay khng? Vit cc phng trnh biu din phn ng v a ra d liu nhit ng minh ha cho cc kt lun trn. o 2+ 216 Bit: E (Pt /Pt) = 1,19 V [PtCl4] = 10 E (Cl2/2Cl ) = 1,36 V E (H , NO3 / NO) = 0,96 V 8. Tali tn ti 2 trng thi oxi ho khc nhau l Tl3+ v Tl+ . Ion Ioua c th kt hp vi phn t iot to thnh ion triioua I3 trong dung dch nc. Th chun ca mt s phn ng c lin quan nh sau: o Tl+ (aq) + e Tl(s) 1 = 0,336 V Tl3+ (aq) + 3e Tl(s) I 2 (s) + 2e 2I (aq) o 2 = +0, 728 V o 3 = 0,540 V
o o + -

Hng s cn bng ca phn ng I 2 (s) + I (aq) I3 (aq): K1 = 0,459. o Trong ton bi th T = 25 C. a) Tnh ton th kh chun ca phn ng: Tl3+ (aq) + 2e Tl+ (aq) o 4 = ? I3 (aq) + 2e 3I (aq) o 5 = ? b) Vit cc cng thc hp thc ca cc hp cht trung tnh c cha t nht 1 cation Tali v bt k anion ioua v/hay triioua. C mt cng thc hp thc c th thuc 2 loi khc nhau. l cng thc no? Da vo gi tr th chun hy cho bit cht no tn ti trong 2 ng phn trn ti iu kin chun? Vit phn ng ho hc biu din s chuyn ho gia 2 ng phn trn. 9. a. Cho s pin: 2+ Pt I 0,1M ; I3 0,02M MnO 0,01M, HSO 4 0,05M, Mn 4 C M Pt

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a) Vit cc bn phn ng xy ra mi in cc. -2 o b) Tnh nng ban u ca HSO 4 (Ka = 10 ), bit gi tr sc in ng 25 C o c bng 0,824V. Bit E o = 1,51V; Eo = 0,5355V MnO / Mn2+ I /I
4 3

b. Hy nh gi kh nng ho tan ca ng ( 25oC): a) Trong dung dch HCl 1M. b) Trong dung dch HCl 1M bo ho O2 (gi thit pO2 = 1atm ). 10. Tnh th tiu chun ca cc phn ng sau y trong dung dch nc a) I 2 + 2 Fe 2 + 2 I + 2 Fe3+ b) I 2 + 2 Fe(OH) 2 + 2 OH 2 I + 2 Fe(OH)3
4 c) I 2 + 2 Fe(CN) 6 + 2 OH 2 I + 2 Fe(CN) 3 6 T kt lun I 2 oxi ho c Fe(II) trong mi trng no, acid hay base, hay khi c mt ion CN-? 0 Bit: I 2 + 2e 2 I E1 = 0,54 V

Fe3+ + e Fe2+
4 Fe(CN)3 6 + e Fe(CN)6

E0 2 = 0,77 V
0 E3 = 0,36 V

K sp (Fe(OH)2 ) = 8,0 1016 (tch s ho tan) K sp (Fe(OH)3 ) = 4,0 1038 11. Cho phn ng xy ra trong cc pin in: a) Zn(s) + Br2 (aq) Zn 2 + (aq) + 2Br (aq) b) Pb(s) + 2Ag + (aq) Pb 2 + (aq) + 2Ag(s) c) Cu(s) + 2Fe3+ (aq) 2Fe2+ (aq) + Cu 2+ (aq) Vit cc s pin ni trn. 12. Nguyn tc hot ng ca pin in l do s chnh lch v in th 2 in cc lm xut hin mt in trng, t electron s chuyn ng theo chiu ngc vi chiu ca vecto cng in trng, v do m c dng in sinh ra. Nu ta ghp hai in cc m trong cp oxi ho - kh lin hp hai in cc l khc nhau th cng dn n s chnh lch th, lm cho dng in xut hin. H gm 2 in cc nh vy c gi l pin nng . C 2 bnh ng dung dch bc nitrat c nng ln lt l 1 M v 0,01 M. Nhng vo mi bnh mt thanh bc kim loi c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in v thm mt cu mui ni dung dch 2 bnh ta c mt pin nng . a) Vit s pin b) Tnh sc in ng khi pin hot ng c) Vit phn ng xy ra mi in cc, phn ng chung xy ra trong pin. 13. Thit lp mt s pin sao cho khi pin hot ng th phn ng sau xy ra: 2 CH 3 COO + HSO 4 CH 3 COOH + SO 4 Tnh sc in ng ca pin; bit pKa ca HSO 4 l 2, ca CH3COOH l 4,76 14. Mt pin c cu to bi 2 in cc: in cc th nht gm 1 thanh ng nhng trong dung dch Cu2+ 10-2 M; in cc th hai gm mt thanh ng nhng trong dung

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dch phc cht [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 10-2 M. Sc in ng ca pin 25oC l 38mV. Tnh nng mol.l-1 ca Cu2+ in cc m v hng s phc bn ca [Cu(NH3)4]2+. 15. Cho: o S + 2H + + 2e H 2S E1 = 0,14 V SO2 + 4H + + 4e S + 2H 2 O Eo 2 = 0,45 V
o O2 + 4H + + 4e 2H 2 O E3 = 1,23 V Chng minh rng SO2 c th oxi ho H2S trong dung dch axit gii phng ra lu hunh. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng xy ra. 16. Cho: Fe3+ + e Fe2 + Eo = 0,77 V K sp (Fe(OH)2 ) = 8,0 1016 K sp (Fe(OH)3 ) = 4,0 1038 C mt dung dch cha ng thi cation Fe2+ v Fe3+ u c nng l 1 M pH = 0. Thm dn NaOH vo (th tch thay i khng ng k) tng pH ca dung dch ln. Th nghim c tin hnh 25oC. a) Hi pH nh hng ln th ic cc ca cp Fe3+/Fe2+ nh th no? b) V th E = f(pH) 17. a) Mt in cc gm mt thanh ch nhng trong dung dch Pb2+ 0,01 M. Nu thm dn xt vo dung dch nng pH ca dung dch ln (th tch thay i khng ng k) th th in cc thay i nh th no? b) V th E = f(pH). Bit: Pb(OH) 2 Pb 2 + + 2OH pT = 15,3 Pb(OH) 2 + OH Pb(OH)3

pK = 1,3

E 18. Cho E
o Ag + /Ag

= 0,799 V ; TAgCl = 1,8.10-10 , E o = 0,34 V Cu 2+ /Cu

o Pb 2+ / Pb

= 0,13 V

a) Tnh th in cc chun ca in cc AgCl/Ag b) Xc nh chiu dng in & vit s pin khi ghp in cc ny vi in cc chun ca ng. Vit phn ng xy ra khi pin hot ng, tnh sc in ng v hng s cn bng ca phn ng. 19. Xc nh tch s tan ca TlBr bit rng pin c to thnh bi in cc Pb/Pb2+ 0,1 M v in cc Tl/TlBr, Br- 0,1 M c sc in ng bng 0,443 V. Cho bit Eo = 0,13 V v E o = - 0,336 V . Pb 2+ / Pb Tl+ /Tl 20. Pin nhin liu Pin nhin liu (fuel cells), hay pin dng (flow batteries), l nguyn t Galvani vi cc cht phn ng c cp lin tc theo phn ng chung sau: nhin liu + O2 sn phm oxi ho. Do chng thng c coi nh l thit b chuyn i nng lng (energy converter) hn l mt pin (battery). Mt pin nhin liu c cu to nh sau: 2 in cc xp c p vo dung dch KOH m c, kh hidro c bm lin tc vo in cc th nht, kh oxi c bm lin tc vo in cc th hai. a) Vit cc phn ng xy ra cc in cc, cho bit u l cathode v anode? Vit phn ng chung xy ra trong pin. Tnh sc in ng ca pin khi dung dch KOH c nng 10 M v cc kh a vo p sut 1 atm.

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b) Mt yu t c dng nh gi gi tr hiu dng ca pin nhin liu l t s G o / o ca phn ng. Tnh gi tr hiu dng ca pin nhin liu H2 O2. c) Kh methane cng c dng lm nhin liu trong pin nhin liu. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra mi in cc v phn ng chung xy ra trong pin. 21. a) Trn V1 = 10,0 ml dung dch SnCl2 0,100 M vi V2 = 10,0 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,100 M. Xc nh thnh phn cui ca h t suy ra th kh ca 2 cp trong dung o dch. Cho bit: Sn = 0,15 V; E o = 0,77 V 4+ /Sn 2+ Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ b) Nhng si bc vo dung dch st (III) sunfat nng 5.10-2 M. = 0,8 V . Cu hi tng t cu a, bit E o Ag + / Ag c) Cho bt st d vo dung dch CdCl2 0,01 M. * Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra * Xc nh hng s cn bng * Xc nh thnh phn ca dung dch ( cn bng) Cho: E o = 0,44 V; E o = 0,4 V Fe 2+ / Fe Cd 2+ /Cd d) Vit v cn bng (theo phng php ion electron) cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau (trong mi trng acid): H 3 AsO 4 + I HAsO 2 + I2
2 Cr 3+ + Cl 2 Cr2 O7 + Cl 2 Br + Cr2 O7 Cr 3+ + Br2

Zn + I 2 Zn 2 + + I Xc nh hng s cn bng ca tng phn ng trn, d on phn ng no xy ra hon ton, phn ng no coi nh khng xy ra, phn ng no xy ra khng hon ton? Cho: Eo = 1,33 V Eo = 1,36 V Cr O 2 /Cr 3+ Cl /Cl
2 7 2

o Br2 / Br

= 1,09 V

o I2 / I

= 0,54 V

Eo = 0, 76 V Zn 2+ / Zn

Eo H3 AsO 4 / HAsO 2 = 0,56 V

22. Hidrazin (N2H4) l 1 base hai nc c pK b1 = 6,06; pK b2 = 13,73 .

+ a) Hidrazin c tnh kh mnh. Cho bit 25oC th in cc tiu chun ca cp N 2 /N 2 H 5 2+ bng 0,23 V. Tnh th chun ca cp N 2 /N 2 H 6 v N 2 /N 2 H 4 . b) Thit lp phng trnh ph thuc E pH ca cc cp oxi ho - kh ca hidrazin pH < 0, pH = 2 7 v pH > 9. c) Vit phng trnh phn ng gia hidrazin vi KMnO4 pH = 0 vi pH = 9, bit cc pH ny hidroazin u b kh thnh N2. 23. Tu theo pH m h Cr(VI)/Cr(III) c th tn ti cc cp oxi ho - kh khc nhau. 2+ Tnh Eo v thit lp phng trnh ph thuc E pH i vi cp CrO2 4 /Cr(OH) . Cho bit: Eo = 1,33 V Cr O 2 /Cr 3+
2 7

Cr

3+

2 Cr2 O7 + H 2 O 2HCrO 4

+ H 2 O Cr(OH)2+ + H +

K1 = 103,8 K 2 = 101,36

Khi Chuyn Ho trng PTNK HQG TP.HCM pK a (HCrO ) = 6,5

4

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24. Khi ni hai in cc bng mt dy dn th ta thu c mt pin in Ho. Ti iu kin chun v khi pin phng in th sc in ng ca pin l bao nhiu? Cho bit: Ce3+ (aq) + 3e Ce (s) E o = 2,34 V 1 1 Cr(s) Cr 3+ + e E o = +0,74 V 3 3 A. -3,08 V B. -1,60 V C. +1,60 V D. +2,09 V E. +3,08 V 25. Bit rng: E o = 0,77 V; E o = 0,365 V Fe3+ / Fe 2+ Fe(CN)3 / Fe(CN)4
6 6

a) Khng cn tnh ton chi tit, cho bit CN- to phc bn hn vi cation st (II) hay cation st (III)? Gii thch. 4 c hng s phc bn = 1037 . Tnh hng s phc bn ca b) Cho bit ion phc Fe(CN)6
ion Fe(CN)3 6 . 4 c) Cc ion phc Fe(CN)3 6 v Fe(CN) 6 c tn gi thng thng l ferricyanide v ferrocyanide. Gi tn chng theo danh php quc t. d) Khi cho dung dch Fe2+(aq) vo dung dch mui K3[Fe(CN)6] c s to thnh kt ta mu xanh gi l Turnbulls blue. Kt ta ny c cho l xy ra nh sau: ion Fe2+(aq) b oxi ho thnh Fe3+(aq) trong khi ion ferricynanide b kh thnh ferrocyanide, cc ion Fe3+ kt hp vi ion ferrocyanide to thnh kt ta Turnbull. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit tch s tan ca Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 l 3,3.10-41. Chng minh rng phn ng cho khng b cn tr v mt nhit ng hc. 26. Cho 3 pin in ho: Pt(r) H 2 (k) HCl (aq) Cl2 (k) Pt(r)

Pb(r) PbCl2 (r) HCl(aq) H 2 (k) Pt(r) Pb(r) PbSO 4 (r) K 2SO 4 (aq) KNO3 (aq) KCl(aq) PbCl 2 (r) Pb(r) a) Vit cc phn ng xy ra trong tng pin b) Da vo d kin v nhit ho hc hy c lng th chun ca tng pin 25oC. c) Vit cc bn phn ng xy ra cathode v anode ca tng pin khi hiu th o c ca pin ng bng th chun. d) Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng xy ra tng pin. e) Th in cc thay i nh th no theo nhit ? Gi chng ta s nh ngha thng s hiu sut nhit nh l gi tr l thuyt cc i ca t s gia in nng lm vic v bin thin entanpy trong t bo. f) Tnh gi tr ca thng s ny trong cc t bo cho. T cc con s ny ta s c nhng kt lun g ? Bng gi tr nhit ha hc 25 C:

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So /J mol1 K 1 f H o / kJ mol1 Cl2 (k) 0,0 223,1 H2 (k) 0,0 130,7 HCl (aq) -167,2 56,5 K2SO4 (aq) -1414,0 225,1 KCl (aq) -419,5 159,0 Pb (r) 0,0 26,4 PbCl2 (r) -359,4 136,0 PbSO4 (r) -920,0 148,5 + 27. Cho pin: H 2 (Pt), p H 2 = 1 atm H 1M MnO 4 1M, Mn 2+ 1M, H + 1M Pt Bit rng sc in ng ca pin 25oC l 1,51 V. a) Cho bit phn ng quy c, phn ng thc t xy ra trong pin v E o MnO / Mn 2+
4

b) Sc in ng ca pin thay i ra sao (xt nh hng nh tnh) nu: _ Thm t NaHCO3 vo na tri pin _ Thm t FeSO4 vo na phi pin _ Thm t CH3COONa vo na phi ca pin 28. a) Thm 1 ml dung dch NH 4 SCN 0,10 M vo 1ml dung dch Fe3+ 0,01 M v F 1M. C mu ca phc FeSCN2+ hay khng? Bit rng mu ch xut hin khi CFeSCN2+ > 7.10 6 M v dung dch c axit ha s to phc hidroxo ca Fe (III)
1 13,10 xy ra khng ng k. Cho 3 ; 1FeSCN 2+ = 103,03 ( l hng s bn). FeF = 10

b) nh gi thnh phn cn bng trong hn hp gm A g + 1,0.10-3 M; NH 3 1,0 M v Cu bt. Cho 2 Ag(NH

+ 3 )2

2+ = 1012,03 ; E 0 Ag + / A g = 0, 799V;E 0 Cu2+ / Cu = 0,337V = 10 7,24 ; 4Cu(NH3 )4

( 250C) 29. Bit th oxi ha kh tiu chun: E0 Cu2+/Cu+ = +0,16 V E0 Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77 V

E0 Ag+/Ag = +0,8 V

E0 Cu+/Cu = +0,52 V E0 Fe2+/Fe = -0,44 V E0 I2/2I- = +0,54 V Hy cho bit hin tng g xy ra trong cc trng hp sau: a) Cho bt st vo dung dch st (III) sunfat b) Cho bt ng vo dung dch ng (II) sunfat c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st (II) nitrat d) Cho dung dch st (III) nitrat vo dung dch kali iotua 30. Nhng 2 in cc Cu vo mt dung dch nc c ha tan mt lng khng ng k Na2SO4. Khi mi ni 2 in cc vi ngun in 1 chiu, ngi ta thy c kh thot ra trn 1 in cc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v gii thch hin tng xy ra.

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