PHASOR ALGEBRA Since the complex quantities normally employed in AC circuit, analysis o simplify calculations are added and

subtracted like coplanar vectors, they are often referred to as vectors. However, such vectors which represent sinusoidal time-varying quantities are now more properly called as phasors. THE OPERATOR, j Let j be an operator which produces 90 counter clockwise (ccw) rotation of any phasor to which it is applied as a multiplying factor.

j2A = -A j2 = -1 j=

Note: -j is an operator which produces clockwise rotation of 90

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THE CARTESIAN FORM OF ROTATION

MAGNITUDE OF THE PHASOR

Note: Phasors in any quadrant can be specified in terms of their real (x-axis) and j (y-axis) components TRIGONOMETRIC FORM

Note: The positive sign is used if is measured counter clockwise from the reference axis. The negative sign, if is measured clockwise. EXPONENTIAL FORM OF THE OPERATOR

POLAR FORM

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ADDITION OF PHASORS Note: Phasors are written in the rectangular (x jy) form when addition is to be performed. If: A = XA + jYA B = XB + jYB A+B = (XA+XB) + j(YA+YB)

Magnitude of the resultant phasor is

The phase position of the resultant phasor is

EXAMPLE: Add the following phasors

Solution:

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SUBTRACTION OF PHASORS Given:

Solution:

Note: In phasor algebra, the phasor which is to be subtracted is plotted through 180 and then added, to rotate a phasor through 180, the operator (j2 = -1) may be applied or 1.

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MULITPLICATION OF PHASORS AND COMPLEX QUANTITIES

DIVISION OF COMPLEX QUANTITIES

DIVISION OF PHASORS IN RECTANGULAR FORM

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