d+b<jT+ =* +<eTVdu e+< !

eTqTw\ J$ qs +&+ nH \T>T CrjT

$T# ns+ #] nqjT+ <T. sD+, #] s+s+
|yV d< XyTq ~. nq+\>eTq+ eTq>*> ~. qqyTq
n_e~ sb\qT b+<~. qs | #] |Tq>
s \| #]= eT\T|> 1913 yT 26q u|
]q =* +< eTVduqT >TsT #dT+<+. qs+
u| ]q =* +<eTVdu, 1922 V<su<T
@s&q +< qd+|T + 1930 dTses+ ||s & n< q
y T < C| (C+ s+) ]q =*
+<eTVdu \T>T |sjT|<+>H +< Xu
$j+#sTT. Ms \+>D s+> bs{ q&|q
d+>+ +< eTVdu |sjT|<yT.
||+#+ @ C deTVyTH, ysT e{& uw
nsTTH d+>, =~\+ sb+~qM, \<=qM
e. \T>TC y\ jT+& |]DeT+ mH, ke <Ts
qT+& sb+~q nH >\ T, \ d$T[ deTV+. $X\
|<X+ \&*q eqe deTT<j\T> dTBs\+
X$Td eT neds\qT ` |+|D #dT+,
n+<TedsyTq uwqT, d+d d+#T+ #]
eT+ ~ n_e~ #+~+~. XyVqT\T, rjTT\T,
$jTq>s sE\T TucV\ |]b\H \T>TC
|]b\H b++> eTq>*+~. s#] jTT>+
sC\T, keC\T>, ] keC\T sC\T> es+
C> n_e~#+< e +eTjsTT. s#]
jTT>+ CrjT # q ueq nedsy T q , b]X$T
dsT \ esT # eT&H \yTq b|~ @s&<T .
eTq~ _{w key<T\ +B e\d b\H\+
@s&+~. deTd us CT\qT <|& |&q\ >T]#d
nDe+#TTq e\db\q sdq> Crj<eT+
|\T_+~. 1905 u+> $u q es+> <Xy |+ >
<+> m>dq e+<es+ <eT+ \T>T |C
L& ~*++~. n|{ V <su<T lw< e sj+<
uc\jT+, VqTeT=+& ss qs+< +<uc
\jT+ @s& eHsTT. $$< usrjT CT\ n+s+
d+dsD n+s <H \T d+|T d+dsD<e\ bT uc,
kV sb\ n$ k>TTHsTT. CrjTuw
~q|\T edTHsTT. \T>T =*> u+usTT qT+&
+<|, eT|+ qT+& c| s \+
V<su<T sh+ qT+& \] qT>T >\=+& |\T
y\Te&sTT. nT eT& eT<sdT sh+q, T V <su<T
C+ d+kq+q \T>TC, uwL q >T]+|
>se+ sE d]> e+< + (26 yT 1913) u|

=* +<e TVdu ]+~. H{ Crj<e # H

= |]$TT\T e+&H \T>Tuw, $<, CrjT$d+ |
+\q~ |_+_++~. eTVdu eT&T $wj\qT
eTT+<T +~. 1. +<T \= | uw, d+d \<,
2. +<T\= $X$<\jT+ nedseT 3. yTT+ <X
uw\ |jTT+> |q]sD+ #j\! eTs= 5
d+es\H 1918 us CrjT +>dT +<s h
$T{ \T>TysT k~+#THsT. H{ V <su<T sh+
1938< d{ +>dt sD+ s><T. n& u<H,
b\Huw> s +&~.
\+>D+ +< Crj<eT+ >+<\j\ @sT
|jT\T, d bsVq y, du |k+\
+<q\T, \T>Ty] \T>TH $< >sb\H s\
s+uy T $$< <X\ T> <eT+ k+~. n< s \+
(1940e <X+) C+ b\q, |P& <=sH
es+> eTV<eT+>, s +> kjTT<b s+>
]#T m>d+~.
1917 k$jT{ jTjTH eTdT\ HjTq
$|e+ $jTe+yTq |eT < |ue+ us
Crj<eT+ u>+> \T>TH n~ eT<s> qT+&
sT, L\, ]\, #e<s, _{w e\d b\\
k+|T |H~> eq $T+<, ukeT eed\
|H<T\ X$TesZ <eT+> $d]++~.
yTT+ us<XyT e\db\\ _{w +&j>q,
_{w y] d sD
>\ sE\, qyT\, d+kHBX \
+&j>q e+&q \+ key< es
Crj<e, |P & es |Ck$T<eT+ $T*>
sb+< e n$ rdTHsTT. <X+ $$< sc\
e\d b\\ s\T eT nMb+ $d]+#{
es+> ~yd\T n|{ nHH sT>TuT #XsT.
yTq kq dV jT ssD
<e (1921) de+s+ >
n< \+ s yb s +> s>T uT, +< n\]
lseTsE HjTq ~yd\ sT>TuT =eTs+;yT
HjTq C+ b\q| >+&T\ sT>Tu k>sTT.
n <e\ qT+& ~yd\, eTV\, <[T\, yTH ]{\
deTd\+{ esZ<syTq qq |Ck$T |]cs+
eTT+<T=+~. nHH CT\T> e+&q us<ojT
deC djT+ sj
~s+ >\ $$< CT\ deK
u>+> $X+< |Cs+ |ejT+> *+~.
\+>D C+ |uT , < |H~> >\ |P &
X \ L es+>, $T*q \T>TH MT+<, u keT
esZ\ es+> kq eT\ bs{\T \T>TC
3
359e d+
yT, 2013

||+ #| +H >T]+| b+<$> #XsTT. nse \d` ns| P &

k>TsT \_+# \ ~ ms\T ;&T|&e +THsTT.
eedq T+& jT |&{ \T>TC &T eb> eekj Jeqe> eT #+~dTHsT. VQC
y] bs{ s|fsT eTT+q |Tq #] H{ +< +|\ b\ eTT+<T s+>+ |+ |+L z$T
b\\+~ <ojT |P&X\+~.
b\eTHsT. dE\|] sdT\eTHsT. V\T,
$X\ usd e K u>+> djT+ sj
~s+ &\eTTe{\, |j>X\ |Xe\T> e\d\TbsTT
>\, \T>T CrjT sC+ e+&\H $dwy T q |Ck$T y{# L\T> esTTHsT. ]\T k~+#Tq
+q T H&T nDyXsT. $X+< nH~ |Cs+>, V\T L& T+&> yq ud| d+ +
uc|jTT shyT+~. ||+# sC\ #] #dH, eTq _>TdT+THsTT. &|\qT H\+f ujT+. eT>|\y&T
<ojT k+<eT #] #dH key<| <|& eT>&e&yq +<q. C sD eTTKyTq
|&q\qT+& jT|& CT\T |sBq+> T\T n& + > eq \+qT e~*+# T b > $e \ ,
y BjT | < sTEeeT+~. 155 @ {e* #]+ \\ y]\\T ydT q d H eH+. n_e~ |]
$$< us CT\ |\T eT n+sZ ysT<\qT`esZ, ~yd\ Jeq $< +d+ =qk>TH e+~.
\, *+> ndeq\qT ` |]w]+#T, \eT\T
<Xe T+f, C n+f |& &TeT+~ d+|qT\T <T. {~
\yTq C> es< *HeTT eqe\eTT n >Ts+ XeTJe\T. y] Jeq u<. q+MT< <q+MT< u>\
Cwy #| qT n_e~ #+<\H + eTq nse TeT+~. <|& b\esZ\ y] |sBq |]b\H$<H H{ eTq
nsTT > 66 @ #], eT eTTK+> key< <Tsed eT\sD+.
||+NsD us b\\T, sh b\\T +bsTTq
M+{ q&Te | \+>D`dyT +<|<X
{e* 22 @ #] eTq* $d+ y| q&|k+<? <e\, H<\ eHsTT. 57 @ +<|<X \T>T
||+#u+ ]+>, sjT+> |sBqT\yTHeTT. C +> +# b +~. <>\ eTTKsD+ n_e~
ke+> \, eT, b+ $<c\T |#]\TTHsTT. |\T =+<] <+, {~eT+~ b* n_e~ nH~
k+d+> D
, |q , #, w $\Te\ $c< JeH $<+d+> k>+. C $k <T\T d+u+
sT<sTT. key< ||+ NsD
X \ , y{ + bsTTq
sEsE L L s T be+. H \ T> T b\ \T
b\esZ\, <|& eed\ qT |\T |+# +& | <]
key<T\ +bsTTq +< b\\ $<H\
| { + # # y T q \ eHs T . nsTTH | \T
+. \+dV \+#*q |P & <|&
d+|T{+>q, nd+|T{+>q, sD+>q, n&T>T\ eT&T>T
eed

\
qT
y{
d
+
dT\qT b&T+ se+. H{
j<+>q bs&T eHsT. ~yd\T <[T\,
eTV\, sTL\T, ]\T, $<], jTTeqT\ eT sh+ k>T edTq |Ces $<H`key<
CVQ+\T |* +< b\\ +
eT sb +<q\T kdTHsT. u |ssTsDL ||+ NsD
$<

H
.
\T>TC deT>_e~ ++> eHsTT.
n~ <s \ L sT<>, b+rjT ndeq\L, k+|T
nDy\, n$, >usTT+# $<H\L, k+|T dyT sh+ =qkH, $&bsTT ysT sc\T> @s&H
nDy\ \T>Tuw nDy es+> $$< esZ\ <Td es<T. yTT+> \T>TC $k e+<
d+es\H&T +yTe+&q key< ukeTX
|\T sdq >yTTTHsT.
+ s+s +<q | d Jeq u <q T b+< H{ nes<y T |{ |sT THsq d+> >V +#+ H{ H
dH n~ |CeTTHs+f qs #] eTq+ neds+. <X\T key<+ qT+& k+ |{
k~+q n_e~ |*eTsTTqT? e+<H&T sTTHsTT. n_e~ #+~q <X\ <e|T&<s
$X$<\jTyTH y\H s yTT< H&T |y T s+>+ VQC +|\ <|& nDy\ qT+& yqT&q CT\T
dV e+<|> $X$<\j\THsTT. nsTTH d>+eT+~ $eTT sTTHsTT. eTV\T | k$T nDy\ qT+&
+ ssdT\THsT. +]+>T $<|] VQC <[T\T ` eTesZ\T, n> ~| $e\ qT+&, yTH ]{\T
+|\ y\eT+~ yT<XeTJe\qT n+~+#{, \ ~ yTC]{ eTH< X\ <&T\qT+&, ~yd\T eT Jeq
eT+~ sT<>T\T>, y{# L\T> es+ $< +d s\ qT+&, |& |CeT+ n~ <s \ T, n$,
nDy\ sV+d\ qT+& d# k+\q, $eTT
=qk>T+~.
||+# Hu 5e e+T eH, <T yC sTTHsT. us |\T qq |Ck$T $|y
|]X<Hs+>+, qq $wsD us<X+(\T>TC) sTTHsT.
eTs qs H \T>TC deTTq+> $d+ #\+f
m& e+~? d+ |H<T\T ]` b]X$T eed
y T < e\T L & L \es T . eTq | \ J$\qT H{ nse \d`ns| P & eedq T+& yTq $eTT #+< +&
k<|&<H< ]q e+< #] #T+~.

yTsT>T|s# |]X<q\T, $<oX\ Vd>eTesTT.
4
yT, 2013
359e d+

End of Preview.
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