2

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Delta

Epsilon

Zeta

Eta

Theta

Iota

Kappa

Lambda

Mu

Nu

Xi

Omicron

Pi

Rho

Sigma

Tau

Upsilon

Phi

Chi

Psi

Omega

Less than equal

Greater than

x y

y x

a b

b a

equal

<

Less than

>

Greater than

Approximately
Congruent

Proportional

Is congruent to
Modulo

Not equal

Plus-minus

Equal

Times, cross

3 < 4
3 > 2
1.99997 2
( )ABC A B C
F x F = kx

5 1(mod 2)
3 2
x 2 = 1 x = 1
( a = b ) & (b = c ) a = c
2 3 = 6

A = ax i + ay j + az k

B = bx i + b y j + bz k
i

A B = ax
bx

Plus

Minus

2 + 3 = 5
2 3 = 1

ay
by

az
bz

6 3 = 2

50%

00

50 0

A B = A B cos

5! = 1 2 3 4 5 = 120

4=2

27 = 3

: Division /
Divided by

Percent

Per thousand

00

Dot

Factorial

Square root

Transpose

AT

B = A T b ji = aij
5.3 [ x ] = 5 & y = 5.6 [ y ] = 6

a12
a22

a11

a
21

3(2 + (4 1)) = 15

Bracket

][

Matrix

Parentheses

) (

Set Braces

}{

Sequence

][10, 20
) ( 1,0

close interval
open-interval

][,
)(,

[, )

close-open

( ,]

open-close

Convolution

( 5, 2]

[ 10,13)

F { g (x ) * f (x )} = F { g (x )} F {f (x )}

Absolute value

Determinant

Summation

x , x > 0
x =
x , x < 0
a11

a21 a22
n =10

n =0

Product

n =10

= a11 a22 a12 a21

1
1 1
1
= + + +
11
n +2 2 3

n =0

Intersection

a12

1
1 1
1
=
11
n +1 2 3

n =10

= A 0 A1 A10

= A 0 A1 A10

n =0

n =10

Uonion

A
n =0

Integral

1 2 1
3
xdx = x 2 = (4 1) =
2 1 2
2

Double integral

f (x , y )dxdy

Triple integral

Line integral

g (x , y , z )dxdydz
dl

Surface integral

Volume integral

Contour integral

Therefore

Because

Exist

Not exist

For all

d
V

Propositional
if then

b a a , b

b a a , /b

b a a , b

( p ) = p
p q
pr
q r

if and only if
iff

Membership
Element of

Not member

p q
p q
q p

A = {a ,b ,c } , a A

A = {a ,b ,c } , d A

Union

A = {a ,b ,c } , B = {a , d }

A B = {a ,b ,c , d }
Intersection

A B = {a}

(proper) Subset

C = {a} , C A

superset

Not subset

Empty set

/ B
{ =

= M

D X '

Derivation to x

d
dx

df
= 2x
dx

f
= 2x
x

df 2
= 6x
dx 2

f (x ) = 2x
Paritial

derivation

dn
dx n

f (x ) = x 2

Derivation n
order
nth , nth

f (x ) = x 2

f (x ) = x

n
x n

Partial
derivation n

f (x ) = x

f 2
= 6x
x 2

order nth

Nabla
Laplace

+
+
x y z

operator (Nabla)

Square Lap. Op.

Laplacian

AB

AB

AB

Line segment
Ray
Infinity line

)(

2
2
2
= 2+ 2+ 2

x
y
z
2

( )

ABC , ABC

Triangle

Angle

( )ABC , ABC

Right angle

( )

Square
Parallelogram

Circle

Perpendicular

AB AC

Parallel

AB

AC

Similar

ABC A B C

Congruent

ABC A B C

Arc

ABC

" 3015' 25

) ( 1,5.7

Degree

Minute

'
"

Second
Cartesian

) (x , y

Coordinate
) (1.4,0, 2

) (9, 25

AB
V W

W V

Space Coo.

) (x , y , z

Polar Coo.

) ( r ,

Vector

Direct sum

X = X i
i =1

X = X i
i =1

Direct product

p q

)(

p q

and

True

False

or

!n
= P n = (n )k
k
!) (n k

10

Permutation

(n ) k

k n

Pkn

n
!n
= = C n
!) k k k!(n k

Combination

k n

) (

C kn

n
k

= i

Imaginary

number
e = 2.7182818284...

Napiers

constant

Eulers number

= 3.14159265...

= 1.618033988

xn

n =1

Pi

mean

Golden ratio

= x

sin x
=1
x 0
x

lim

1
= +
x 1

lim+

Infinity

x 1

} = {1, 2,3, 4,

} = {0,1, 2,3, 4,

limit

lim

Natural
numbers
Natrural with 0

} = {, 2, 1,0,1,2,

11

Integer numbers

= : m , n , n 0
n

Rational

numbers

) (

Real numbers

Positive Real

mumbers

Complex

numbers

x + iy

and so on

) y := f ( x

Left hand side

=:

is defined by
the right hand
side

max {1,3,4,2} = 4

Maximum

} { max

min {1,3,4, 2} = 1

Minimum

} { min

1
2

= sin 30

1
2

= cos 60

tan 45 = 1

Sine

sin

Cosine

cos

Tangent

tan

12

cot

Cotangent

sec

Secant

csc

Cosecant

Arc sin

Arc sine

Arc cos

Arc cosine

cot 45 = 1

sec =

1
cos

csc =

1
sin

Arc sin

1
= 30
2

45 = ( ) rad
4

Arc cos

Arc tan

Arc tangent

Arc cot

Arc cotangent

Arc sec

Arc secant

Arc csc

Arc cosecant

sinh

Hyperbolic sine

sh
cosh

ch
sec h

Hyperbolic
cosine
Hyperbolic
secant

cs c h

Hyperbolic
cosevant

: Radian

= 45 = ( ) rad
2
4

e x e x
sinh x =
()
2

e x + e x
cosh x =
()
2

()

()

sec hx =

2
e x + e x

cs c hx =

2
e e x
x

e 2x 1
tanh x = 2 x
)(
e +1

e 2x + 1
coth x = 2 x
)(
e 1

)(

1, i = j
0, i j

= ij

)n (n + 1
2

tangent

th

cot anh Hyperbolic

cotangent
Arc hyperbolic

coth
Arc sinh

sine

)(

cosine

tanh

Kronecher delta

Tensor

Arc cosh

T ij T jki

T jki

i j k

= Sn

Hyperbolic

Arc hyperbolic

i = 1, 2 T ij = T 1 j + T 2 j

13

1 + 2 + 3 + + n

Log 10100 = Log 100 = 2

Log e x = ln x

Sequence

Sn

Logarithm

Log ab

Natural

ln

logarithm

102 = 100

a n

) P ( A B A B

a power n

an

Probability

x =0+

f
x

Function

)) g (x ) f ( g (x

1, x > 0
= sgn x
0, x = 0
1, x < 0

Rounded down

Rounded up

F F F
+ +
x y z

= divF = F

z
Fz

y
Fy

x
Fx

sign function

sgn x

F F F
i+
j+ k
x y
z

Composition

Tend to

= gradF = F

14

Gradient

grad

Divergence

div

Rotation

curl

= curlF = F

2008