حلقات العصيان المدني

‫حلقات العصيان المدني‬
‫
‬
‫وائـل عـادل‬ ‫ھشــام مرسي‬ ‫أحمد عادل عبد الحكيم‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫أكـاديمية‬
‫التغيير‬
‫بسم ﷲ الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫الطبعة الثانية‬
‫ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
.‫ ﻭﻻ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺸﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
Civil Disobedience Series
All rights reserved. It may be reproduced

with permission of the Academy of Change.
The authors have asserted their right under the

Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988,
to be identified as the Authors of this work.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

A Catalogue record for this title is available from
the British Library.
ISBN 1-4276-1311-7
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2 ‫أكـاديمية‬
‫אو‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ‪6 ....................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ؟؟ ‪7 ...........................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ‪11 .......................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ‪12 ..................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ‪12 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ‪12 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ‪13 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ‪15 .....................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﻝﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ‪18 .....................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﻝﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ‪18 .................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ‪20 ......................................................................‬‬
‫ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ‪21 .....................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪24 .......................................................‬‬
‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻴﻕ ‪24 .................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪25 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪25 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪27 ............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪30 .............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ‪31 ......................................................‬‬
‫ﻝﻤﻥ "ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل"؟‪31 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ؟ ‪33 .............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ؟ ‪38 ....................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ؟ ‪38 ...................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺭ ‪39 ......................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ ‪40 ..................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪41 ...................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ‪44 .....................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ‪..‬ﻝﻤﻥ؟ ‪44 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻝﻸﻨﺸﻁﺔ‪47 .......................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ‪50 .......................................................................‬‬
‫ﻻ‪ :‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻼﺕ ‪50 ...............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻼﺕ ‪50 .................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻼﺕ ‪51 ................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻼﺕ ‪52 ........................................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ‪59 .....................................................................‬‬
‫ﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ‪59 .........................................................‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺭﻱ ‪60 ......................................................‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻠﺔ ‪61 ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ‪61 .............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ‪60 ........................................................................‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺩﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ‪64 ...............................................................‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ‪69 ......................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻼﺼﺎﺕ ‪69 ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ‪73 .................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ‪78 ............................................................................................‬‬
‫מאאنאמ‬
‫د‬
() ' % & $

"# ! –
()9 <+ :; / 89

7 / 3+! (56 / 34 ! 2 01 / ,-. *+
LMN JK! I& I. H1+! G' F3 E! C CD B8
@A
! ' &! ? =>
:; # (Q56

U! GTS; $ S! QR =!> $ O
. (. 5- 0OP
.2Z 2C CD W 3E $ +Y >B / "33 + X '+'. VW+
(F EA C CD )]^ <'8+ N7 / 56 \>E; 7 2+[+!
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=;. X ,1 f N 'W+! 08e! ? ( C CD * $ cd /
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;
‫אنאد‬
21' + 0E g

g / – g2CZ : 8
g E 2+['!
B 56 \>E; + FC 8 Lk =! (2CZ : i-j h
/ _! _FC! _ 3B 8Z lR= "B B! Gg2CZ : 8
g <. 2C!AD
.i-Z R. Z m!n
‫قسم الدراسات واألبحاث‬

‫أكاديمية التغيير‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ ‬
‫אنאدو؟؟‬
‫אنאدو؟؟‬:‫د‬
INZ : !; (2CZ L q : p' 2CZ : :; H3 o '
0F'! (
!>;! 1 a / bM E = : rC (I' 54
mFC TC; Q; ( tu TC; ( Civil"2Cg . = pC! (sGGG 2S ! 2 :
z\!_. 0

L B7! (' &! ? y +! ( <8 x1& w7 v'
' + , <~ G tuZ L R= }CD ('t

|; 2CZ : E
{WFC
._8
2CZ :
_'! - 2CZ : V3' :=dn w7 f W' ?q !
_'! - 2CZ : V3'

Q; / ( $ 5OE ?q R= , N
<8 L 'R1 ! IC8 + I

_'! - V3' 2CZ : :; o C!
ia! ' +8! a8 $ . <8 lR= x1&a (L* BJn
/ ]En c' F = La (lW+! T8+ . 01E! (L > 1& :- =
<> !; (T.. uu +a <> a (+a + / <uZ =! (& $'+
.T3 . )1 +a
L & "-+ da (.D. 7 <> a L* BJn <8 ;
{S = $! (T+BJ;! L <B l .D lR= S> ; 0O\ 2CZ : :a <8 lR=
2. L 'W+ / @ =>!! . 3Z w7 56 \>E; $ R= {=7
.T8+ :-!
TC!> ] (2CZ : ' r bqZ n 1862 1817~ ! Q = ]'!
2CZ : / T' r T83W+! (b >C. :! l` / FZ T ?J
< (1846 @ c Z &! '>3 :CB _S*

|M t La> $ T.
. > (! 8' a; S / QC4 18a ( ?

C5N {; }t / ) 1 RJ;
(' [. > ' / <= 1968 – 1929~ E $+ w7 +[FC $ :` $ : B
.S; $ ! ; X v=n H. 88
B o ' QR 2CZn 0*= `. .!n Z $ lR= T' r. ! !
X! (0 :S! (% :S )>8. '`D Z $ cRE ! (:C8! &
:;! (@Au+ W )1 ! o ' a ! ; G! W " $! > 1 '
@A
Tue N; B! (L J! , @`+ 2E . T

6t' :; . L
0* (1 :C8 R= f :; %>; C[a ($' JK <r+ :; :C8 F "CE d7g )FZ
=N X ) 1 2= lR=! (1g& + v8'7! LZ ! ' N / 3e 38 %>S! $
V3e;! %= =tB 1915 – 1893~ _ 22 8' a; S / T. ?J QC4
lR :E! GCW'] 'N]D $ ' u TtC ?J! (2> ?tC >8' _#
=n :7g '+ C; qZ T ?B

(2CW'] L 'W+ / n ; ) 1
LB;
CW'] 'N] TB a 0. | ua TB a $+ QC6
1
The teaching company, Power over people by Dennis G. Dalton, lecture 12.
‫ ﻓﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻧﺪﻱ ﰲ "ﻧﺎﺗﺎﻝ" ﰲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬2
.‫ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻨﻮﺩ‬
! ' rC " B! 1(g t

! @ 8+ :;! ( ! J
[+ :[. 2CW'] L
"3+ X !8Z E

$ 82 2
"u! ($' F : 8 QC4 83W+!
E w7 iS ¡8 $\! G2M`S !; 2E , I. (a=; 8 / Z
G* lR= H. iN gO ^ GG

g \>En
1
The teaching company, Power over people by Dennis G. Dalton.
‫&‪w!n 8‬‬
‫אنאد ‬
‫و‪#‬מא"ج‬
‫מא"ج‬#‫ אنאدو‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ‬
:‫(ذ&א‬$‫ول‬
G}*
! !8Z I. f 1
2CZ : !RS
2CZ : ' +
& @; :NZ v Z $
G' v + : 0M!
‫אووא)"ج‬
TJ; L T '
g2CZ : GG!8Z ' Ng T.E / $' 5= 5. 2¢
2J; )> ! "CE 2CZ : / + X w!n z! $g 01N =! 56
|4 ' ! ({F' X 8' W.! {F' R1+ {Q] l e. _C1 "E 8! GGG 56
T "E Z _P _ '6 :E =! (Ha R= @! ' ! Ha ' N 3. TCa £ 0 /
._S _W _. "E pC7
$! (?>S;! e;! 0F. Ve; "E 8a (Protest)

; $E; pC; R. B; !
(2J; I.! p. $'3 = R= :E G n 'C / iC; pCa ! }*
R= 2'
}*
@1! (Resistance) !8Z @1 I. vJ ,-. <a; 2E _5OE 2C B!
G "(Protest)
"u3e; ¤! – }*

?; 0E :n cd! (W. @ !8Z E < +!
G!8 + )[*a
G:¥dD! )> < ( B !; ( :CB {#7 B $ 53+ > Y :' B }*
:7
GW !; :dD Ha + C7 G:C8 Q !; ( 8 {67 w7 a !8Z ;
:; 7 & H. / _ 3B OE; }*

:' B! G: 2= = =S / !8Z :7
(!8Z ?; $
_ ' Q+'> @r 3 . }*
:; <4~ !8Z 5[E b l5[+
G!8Z :[ TC[ '+' rC / i! F 54 0 TCn
‫"ذوאنאد‬
Q ¥= 2' n |+ = T+ a w7 ;! 2CZ : VW 0 $ ?!; :E
R¥= 5F T8 |E B! G1849 / FZ g2CZ :g 5F T8 / ! 1'>
"¥CE X &! >W- ! L8! '>3 _S*

& |M - La> $ T |8
¥¦7! ()¥' ) 1¥. |M ¥t La> $ i $' ! Gc Z - )uZ ' -
:; ?!¥
I¥
) 1 lR= w7 bE ?E [ cRE G<=54 :! J! fBA t=
.@1848 @ .!!; "

S X )O ?J |M t La> @. I.!n iBD § <r'
‫*אنאد‬
g2CZ : GG !8Z ' Ng T.E / 2CZ : $' 5= 5. v '
TC[.
‫• ‪G1 tu mFC‬‬
‫• ' ;_ ‪G ;3‬‬
‫• ;‪G:C8. )8 54 "CE !

8 !; n ¨ $ )3 2= 2CZ : WFC‬‬
‫• =‪GL / ) =x 56' !; a¢ :; = 3Z mF v‬‬
‫• ‪G3 *C C; 7 r' ! mF $ < {`S ©F 3 !; M‬‬
‫!| ‪!; (@¥r ICB l8+ a (Qu TWFC; @8+ 2CZ : :; w7 l3C‬‬
‫' ‪:¥ ¥E
¥ 1' :; @r LW‬‬ ‫‪< $! GIC8 ] <' _C
; :E :7! (T+ B‬‬
‫‪GT. _C 1' !; (mFC $ \ !; T. _NFC‬‬
‫א"و(وאد* ‬
‫‪<¥= IN¥Z :; g!¥g ¥8'! GIRZ INZ w7 .WJ TS+ :; | !8Z :7‬‬
‫‪¥rC¤ I¥ ]E; :; Q ' E G2CZ : E

/ <=n {` :'! :F' $'R‬‬
‫‪:R' < :-A' $'R c!; <= !8Z E

@; BZ ]E;! WJ; :O\ $'R! ) M‬‬
‫!'‪G' / <! { <r :8‬‬
‫!'‪$ 016+! (@r !; <E& w7 .WJ TS. 2CZ : E

06F+ ; 263‬‬
‫‪<38 . '! (T <- ¢! (: / EFZ w7 <=' (5=* | WJ J‬‬
‫‪G}*
b! GGG !8Z B C; ZN GT
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‫‪ 1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺪﱐ" ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﻨﻒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺪﱐ" ﺗﻌﲏ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸـﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺸـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﲔ )ﻳﻌﺼﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻐﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻘـﺎﻭﻣﲔ( ﺃﻭ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﲔ ‪ -‬ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﱐ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ "ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ"‪.‬‬
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‫‪ 1‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺟﺂﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ "ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ" ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻛﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺑﻴﺔ "ﺃﺗﺒﻮﺭ" ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻴﻠﻮﺳﻮﻓﻴﺘﺶ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪2000‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ -1‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﺼﻐﺮ ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺣﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ "ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻱ ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪.‬‬
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39‫ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﻨﻒ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺻـ‬‫ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍ‬1
:"‫אא‬4
gAct Up Civil Disobedience Trainingg '+ Q>7 0>
Gene Sharp, From Dictatorship to Democracy. Bangkok: Committee

for the restoration of Democracy in Burma, 1993. Also, Boston,
Massachusetts: Albert Einstein Institution, 2002.
Gene Sharp, The Politics of non-violent action. Boston: Porter sargent,

1973. Three paperback volumes.
Per Herngren, Path Of Resistance, The Practice Of Civil

Disobedience, (New Society Publishers, 2004).
The Teaching Company, Power over People Lectures by Dennis G.

Dalton.
‫ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
.‫ ﻭﻻ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺸﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
Civil Disobedience Series
All rights reserved. It may be reproduced

with permission of the Academy of Change.
The authors have asserted their right under the

Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988,
to be identified as the Authors of this work.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

A Catalogue record for this title is available from
the British Library.
ISBN 1-4276-1311-7
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‫حلقات العصيان المدني‬

‫حلقات العصيان المدني‬

‫وائـل عـادل‬ ‫ھشــام مرسي‬ ‫أحمد عادل عبد الحكيم‬

‫بسم ﷲ الرحمن الرحيم‬

.‫ ﻭﻻ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺸﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬

Civil Disobedience Series

All rights reserved. It may be reproduced

The authors have asserted their right under the

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

(AOC) ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬

info@taghier.org :‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

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