tniuJiitnjuiJfNWWiin

47

lbsTaflnrsaWnunifitmiio^^

5 uoswumnUi

fn-5nlsDmnJs^?Ti3Jfiij't)3JioEi*i-31l'5

6.1.2

fln?iuauwuiJa^9^fiiwiiil,us^3j'i,iia^fliiiJifio^l3J^io

nn?kiJSEjmiiJs^iio^/inwni{l^nwwsB77rifini)!)^/inwnfiLi^liJ?i"itJ fio/nmflffa

$i^flT/u$ib:mTU /nwnlYia /nwnff^nqw /n*rif]ftiff iflufooEJ-vaiitH/nmfi

ffalitantJ /nmasfiu /ntnma /nwiffuflnqfl faruflwntnfifnoiifi'j notunn^S

(plnwn^nttnivieinifc^'ufl^siSEJTivilo^filfWIwniJ iwi^'flflntnivieinifufltflfH>nwn
nnQQn/inwnfiSS^fiYi"iiJw<j,9sJlfi'i'5iiJHEJWuiJs<i lYhffiJvronofmiJ^/ninfiSlijWis wooiiJffomiiJao lijtflfrmnjjnTOMqwfniiiJfltimiJa^iio^/nwTl^ iwns^tftfwewifluij

nn?tiJRomi,iJs<J^milunn7i.fi'WYin<jvliJ^/i'i'iQir /nan'lsJCSfniQiJpipi'snuLYi-ifi/ntnw

6.1.3

fn?tiJao,uuiJa^,uQ^fn%nti3Jioa^ni?nJaui4uiJa^l,uf2;uunai^

l^fiflR ttfis^w/inwnflilS'nwwsittrnswTi^Dfli^Dn'in/nwnnflfiR (idiolect) m?

48

Tfrcmrcfrm minffmn

/lnwni^fnflRiymSoi^tJijnij/inan^wfiijfifiRlw^fiw^nfliifiif YiSoifltjijiYijfmijf
fn^nNn^n?tiYin<j/inwn^i^w/inwnLplt)QnwCi?iijnmiRT n^mflnri'vjiitwfna'i^fifiafl til'URnwtu^ilRndQtJ^nn^iiunR'KiiYi'nJu rmiflouffmsrc n fl 71 /l iilwvia-ia

miutfiflmfo^iiO'aurion^fiflR uwidoiflcjuiTuff'affnM'j n ^iflufl-w-ipnjn'uWi

"iun" lui^n/ninlYiBuriasfmflon^uwnrinjffu uaVlwmij8niio*i}fyfmYiiiMm
iflmunaVnn !wSrifmvi{fa!miflmiina*ioia,o Id^hwniiowriasfivnsSlffnwiii:;

u.wnw-i^ni^liJQCJ'KjT.-j frm "um" lw3njjflniiB^^|/nwTlntiTjnfiwflflo "a^riifliwUi irmirtfavifta fl 4 in fIfiJYiijuasieuiYiSlcn'i" Iwa/nwflnrinQintffiqivifitro'h/nMn S^iJijnRn^^mT^ogYinjjnR^fiQ^iiwnm^LRn^vtQO6] Twofmwuwnrin^iSnifeDrfljj
Wflonn^iiJSaTiuiJa^iio^/inwn&iviwnofl^n^iiJSowuila^fiifififulwsiJijnRn'a
rciJijnawsiiJa'DuliAffiiiiofmriQ^

isuijna-ufliJmiimfijj itfulucrifciYiftaijiSto* eti lufl-ni acn (HffntrihfD ?h<mn til (qmfarj) ^i:AtfriTlflfio*oflnia*u^ noim::
naanJejo eon iflma*tmfinffaj en itfunu iwisasifwrrin oan ffu on

fifiiStwwfifyimsflmYiflemff'u an^fla^uT/mycjBijfim ocj uas a oomSfEMinfieuffu

rcuuna-ufoinofl atn ri-unn en fllMo*ifiijfl?n*iwn*^flnwolil /mnfiiftarnj uJaumuJarfu

crjiflfrh /nin^iiJa'omiJa^tfifuwo*^^

6.2 thulflTOMiuiflflni?iil3uuuil(N

fi*iEJYiapiaaniiJ,uay^janwtufiL^,w^j?nu<u fifin'miJa'tmiiiJa* itlwmiilRmu,tla<3fipiB

ifla^nnnTsfi/ntri^miJatm orin^ifl^^nnnniflnwnlwstisvia^tfiin'l^iflw'jnnn?
tilatimiila<iiiBo/ntnu-i<iBt)n<iBn^i,l3j^/ntni,fEJU uawtfaunaij'Wtfntn^fl \,4xHu

fmiilfJOTimlimKwmn

49

n7tuija^iJ?Itifim7}j'l,u/i'itin,lYitJ^Ll3J^'in/in^'iL!itJ,un,B,u iMffufm^ilila)/ntt'i>^ uai Bdn^nwnwi^B^^nnT.wwBwfcn^s^Ln'wliJ^/i'itj'i^fl n-nuJiaDmiilaoUi/ntn

6.2.1 msuWumiiJgNlufi&fh
d'3,WTiB^/i*iw'ifiCln'i'5i.iJajmiiJa<iBti'io"5if)L!'3flBfia<jnn tru/nLilfauifiEJii

^^n^n^iieovmaiifmaD vnefuf&fm BnimJfannff^YfaaoviaBijfmagj vsi.ft.

2416 nu rtwnMniaftiiiJ^ffEU'fifflOfltt'm vi.fi. 2525 imsiflu-h YiWQwhffvm

fiifiij'l'WTN^^'i^nisjTfoefBOBi^Clii^'ifilaiacjnu uw^^T4n^n?^rh3Q<jnflfi'3n3JUnpin^T.i4
viantja'nwwr f^^u^NtfaEJibnnflluanimfiriu^^

atfuiniftffU'npitiatn'u ua^nnflil?nnaW^iJ?n^tu^wDtinwnlwiJinn{)T.uani)?nfo-mfrntf an^naiQVinC3fln^LanWiJua^vsB^niJ^fl^vi3jm^ijn uan^-intfuni ij-i^fl-i^im^ilmnfll'vi'w^'U'i^niu'no 2 fttfiin^fliimmnphonu fafoaehowe'lim

ofmfhrwtfrm (2416)

Nsmiijnijjflijimsijtu'flflumi-m (2525)

mzifo fmmwstino~m fimYimsYrno

So ftaein-miAiou.imfian mis*
iviSbmbthofmfin'nTnvin

tnil:^ fiatJ-i^fi,wl,S15"i?^4hfip!|-iti1,w,nao
Ivflviaaansjivi'u

m (vO

iftw-iairitavift3ibsi,jiY)

/fapnfm (u>

Bnfmfnnvm'iEJB'iviTf
ua^tfifao^jj

uanTintfmimflnnfifnimiwnrinon^

50

fawrrcfrin imnfTmn

ffmmftsiuriliitf (2416)

iinijn^ijwftatmo"m (2525)

ufh

flBBQCj-as^iilwYiam^B-aw-i,
rioina*UJffo4bflwiJu

aim uila-hno,flwncjerfltfftafln
uflneflnrina'imniu, rino

aim

u. fWUj,n"'ni,fta

foasnmvifiB'u flQnavmogh-aia'nifoEj

db

anda-a amas^i fienam

iiJwfoi

OB

naT3flni^BL%f1^V17Bl^B<l>l'

?hasnmvii)eu fmuvimori'vaffu

iawio

iil'Ufl-i^flfuitf'u, u-wflfiitn

idruaio

u. rciJiJia^iieorun-icj

T^ailftntimnofn-nm

vnnvNBOvifB^'Jw.viaB

fiay^T/u
lOftWlSu flBllB0Lllua'lCJtJ'T3elL^?ritJ
uaUwuaifon1J011JwftrSu
in

SjanwmsiflwanoWirun'iEj iSumoifiuiiBOJamas
lbsaiYineo'S'van-itJ

^nn^ednotfnoim&sifluV'h v^^w^n?w^<iviB^s^teni,Clwpi'3ii,Yi,uiiB-ana<i
fl-iiiaor^fl/ntntfu {nifteiiaaoaffmiaQfaziinTyu^ fidfiifiianlf (obsolete) nnfunflfWlvw (new entries) uasflificntfWWfo 2

fmulitoumJawiwmn

51

affmiwS!fl^nmilaWiiJao1,ufli^^

^rasyiBMn'iiiiJStjmtilaoYi'ion'iteBniSooiiBOfin^u n-nfifl-ifin-manltf ififilvnJ vile

iiJaWuiJaofmNYwnoliJNntfSanivi^vian^

Tufitf

^s^^nitunn^ntT'ifi-ifi'oiJ's-inflWu 2 afft) uwCiflvwnBuwiflnon\iflenUJ mm vi^nofiuwnw'iofi'WBBnlil^sBgluil'ssi/iYi'lflirio

fi. fmamanufiTMQon (Widening)

JWn^uwvifUlu/nw'i&'HfUi 2 affEJurififl^NViinulmti'iffa namfiflfHi

Wuatfofflvmn'h fifni^vnj-iouinii'wi-i^ifitilTflTiawcjinn *Wi/n*nVntJ bi Lipitfto

iflfl$3fmjjwno*h "tieoa-nuaovia" Itfqnu am iafifmNvuna-ri "tfeomtniaoYia"

frm en fjflinwviwnonfioBBnflo^i^^'in'lTi ffruyifirmflritf n.n. 2416 uas

Wmn^n^jjaifcjtf^ifa nanifla lufrmnfiinunWlvTftQniJVtinEm

an 8ofHini1tinmifiii!luifo*iio^^

^vi^^n^mjjttiJii^ni'iJtu^ffloarnnTiWi'j'isjviJj'iEJ'i'i
81 tfaOTIBOVia BIT VllBBIinlfl

^ivm^nWoaaoa&ifl fh-h ai Sfl^'i3JViijnDfiq3Jiao,wBOif-itiuasTtBoa-i'3iiBO,WB %

BdnoWwnwnn-jfi^^Tin^ni^^iJii^nTfTJtu^fflLaiin^Q'i "an nla btj ffltf " tfmflu

vianjima^ol.m^'u'j-i btj am' \msiflu?iJfiifiuito-iriflltf uaziiiaibzN-im n.n.

2490 "bjfifh'h an urifi biq Itf vm*i)fmajfio tfBOiiaoviainovi$ouas,ino iftoSun-rc

Wfiitflw/nwn'lYian'qniJ-j-infl'in Cmofh-h btj tfaomoueoYia uas an ueoa-n uaovla foBi^ifltf'h Iw/ninlYiun^iYiirinQniJwnu "itaouicjuaovla" uas
"tfeoa-niiaovto" Mfiniiuffuimflu "tfeoiiaoyia" BdnotfaBn^nTn'jmia*''iifie vi.fi.

2416 uasVfin-naai/ltf?iJ bi vflo em, em uYmfmavunofrnatf nnmjj

fni3JVimti^'Ti*i<l>Tfn'i3Jvi)j'itiDao an vifa at? lann^rW^ifWin'fiiiaiiiiJPiYno
fnnjjvujiEJi^wiminoS'w

v. fmuMUicjumjuh (Narrowing)

n^foitfnijffijalnwiusiiJaWi^^ flninoflnnuafloanidmsnniiil^^

n. tfioeni fl"m

Itf LfiEJVJjjnofn'HJ'an "^ama" uwWh^tfu dn^wdn "ifl-wliT fiwnofma'hiflu I-jfnfflflvifioIflOL'avns fi\ifflfl?nviNn0VhrjliJ'ft "UiarntT flTin meat Vu/ntn

ov*m|wifi0flfmYimEJ'j'n "flivm" (ua^fiin^vi^-iD^fi'ofioi^HB^i'a'wns'l'Wfl'i'J'i

52

Tnufnifrin imnVfrnn

sweet meat flovunufio "nowa-m") wflwCh^tfu frm meat fifmjjvuno'h

"lfiOflfl'5" lYh&l fi. fmutiJJiutfoU'liiTi'Nfiunfli

uriaEJona-npoifaovifBnTjnisTi-i^oLfl'uelTwwu uasliiaTjfmihiniflmNfl infiihjn

ilfuYieu,u\i3jnflantifusn'3n3Jvi3j'iEJi{lunano -q 11K1 rinri "iBfi" fotf^iMifmajvijnEj liAwyn-aauitlMfinviDiu Iwa^flwlnotfuuwifijjvi^ntifl^ "r\i o^iiflwmiJYiinona'N'i ninffu \tf\" fofmaamiaslYimvmanltfBy dJoffatfnanflifluffavimiAiJufo (fqnfi vnAnSmnWiiYmri-itf i4m?j/ltffh*ii "ion" ^ofjnQn3Jvi^nEJi!!J^na-io6id'-in-i-jl,5ruYi,uS'o
riiifiwidUJ aiti "tan" na-rc iiJaWiJJifmiJVianHlwroaijffltf

fl-i-i-i im iftoCminNYijn&Qnin&viTJNfrrtil tf^iftflw/nwnlYiEm^iYivn

imflfmijmno'h (piilil^'iivitB^vilomo 4*iflwmiJvi*nEjfioglwn<3aij

aniinanQa^iilflQnnniiilaBmiilaoWiaofl^
nnjnmmvilBtfeEjao uaslwifej-afm^vnjntJiJ'ss^n^'iurfasf'I'i^D

6.2.2 fmuJSuimiJawNiihN
T4an^'infi'ii?suapioLvii,vi,wn*i*5iilatjmiilaoYinon'3'i3Jvi3jntji,ia'3 mewa-unio

avoinwivl^nn?iilaomiiJaoYi'ioLStJOiiBOfi*il^Bnfl'3EJ Vna^QNntfnoflmia^-htniinififjii

phifjem 2 aij'tiL'S'i^SL^U'iifjn'i'jtfcjn^LiPinwionw nniiiitmfiiiwirinomitfinofifta'n

iilmfaoanuiQfluBouffl'asaij'ti1 iimiJmtfiWlo^ffnirclfiiiriQ ninmifflnrinofu'qif'un'

na^lfl-han^ilwrnastfauT/m^ iTfaT.wtifcjytfn'iafi 5 iflem

bcj-1 (tfivifijfnwTbfi) ufllutf^tfuifitm'h vi riuiM'fttffafofatofiyilfi'i']

ia*tufluYmjftD bo an^^^Cinn'5LiJatJWLiilao3j*i?'33jniJt^tJofiuYiwfl'3ti u uaVluaiftj

frfmafi 5 LiatiyL!lEjmiYi,wiSEJo^-i'3jjn\i,rtn^'3j v
nn7iiJaEjmtiJaoYinoJoo^nn?oV^nnirB^aYi*ioffl'3i!io,w^ lumofifonuapio
nntiila^miilaoi-avnsVwh^tn iihi 1/33 0 (ftom-flnviffnfi l) rfo (foiSem tf^tfu) foadnotfttnivmBnTi-ns - oo fophonu -o uriifoaaouiiiiuYmuteo ao Sofi

ffliofla yioo T,N'ST,3nr3iuqnpi thu Yfo SfbfaTJtuqnw fl-3imiwnphofliona"ntf uawo nn?iAlRDmiiJaoYnoia*ooQr5wqnmjBOfl-itf uwn"i-JiilaEJUiiiJaoYno'3?*5wqnw^l}j^?i
1 tfniTiiftoijffnirclifluaemnSnviahtf l rVufi'nTi'jlSlu/nTdnifitiu^^OuTli'n^s^wJimiilo^

fmnJtJinimJawfmmn 53

niiflnau^fifianBtus'WEj'iofli.iiiiJi.fitiQnij moo \,4u Imnpmufh pioo (fto) vile ooo

(So)

anwmsYinoJyo^ufflnwnonwwnvianj'i\tw'3i!itJ,wif\i ol^SflihfimaYnsUiri'i8!
ifitnuuij moo u^ifififfiJ^n^nMiMJjnnfiSla'nisiusifScj'jrTw vi\Hw fraadio 00*1-in th

iyin?*wq/nw*uflmffcj 1.5 i7nnSswimfl^nanuNnnfhfo\m'JEJ bej luaiftj 7.5 mifitimflu ej Wh^tfu \.4m beja ibSu iA\nfo^imi!)Ejmi)u gn lSu Yifihj-mtfih lvTinawiifiw5nTilfl>''3*iiSlD'3f(uTiw^D do un^nmmiiJaomiilaonanBiiluiJEJO ej
anwmsnniiJa'omttJaoYnoJoofimpi^ bej>ej tf iflwm
iiJaomiilaoYinoJoo^wn/inw'ifi'ia?i*fflnw-in,w ivnnsnTnilaomiilaoflonan^in'i'lvT -jsuinJEJOijeo/ntn 2 ajMn^mmnphofvu Iwniw neo bej>ej \m tfn/ntn
finawin^na-ndn-JsuiiJoouBO/ntnajTEj 7.5 fofmoifteo bej uas ej tfutrufitJij

ffuisuutftoo/iitnih^tfu tfofiumScu ej wn mia^'hSnn?iilaomiilaom'ioia*EJO

uuufn'"m'3matEJoap)ao nniiiJaouuiJaoYinoiSooBn^fjlwanwwtBm^'wlwnt^iiiBOLSoo a

"yriEJfni T/u/nanT/non^oimvntf^im fmn^oiYwnrtwlvi^iJOomilEW -a mnofh \tiii

fii'fiwiztiznmlvfiitin'nn a vfloUi iifu rinfa ihia ana l-jiqimqi fl-i-viffl

ih-1n N"m ad"ioT,'5n?njj1,ufn'io3j/ntnBont]w v$m tennis gas fiuta'iEjn^oiYiYn ^vbJtfatJBBniJEJo -s na irmfta una ?iaT,iJn-ifiulYiEjn^oin,wnei'3,u?j'inBanJoo -s TTnorinSM^tf/nwi^Yiun^oiYiYnfi flfl iftoo

a Vila s T.w/inwn^oan^ili'inflVifo^^'Wfl'i i^u aio vtlairitJfi'U'iKi lYmfta ihla

limufhSBBmftoOLfcYnSflUflnmtfu

R^iJliftnnTJiiJBWiiJaoYnoiftoA^
^mfiniiiSool'un'idQMlvi^jiiBO/ntn Lmn^Clpi'iBd'ioijaon-i^i.ilaEjmiilaoyi'ioi^EJoflmfl isYnslWhinofh uwljiifififfijflnri'Jw'Lvi^jiiQ^/inwnffl^
6.2.3 niiidStimiiJaMiVbtnnm
<uanmnnT3iilaEjmi,ilaoYnoLSEJOi,iat''3 /nttnoouapionn?daWiiJaom'ioYtaEn-

nituen^EJ nn?iiJ^omiiJaoYino\ionn?mnuBi^vj^n7twilmiJ,w 2 \xwi fie niinlaow iiilaoiiBOisiiijT.'JEnn'Jtu vifanniiilaomiilaoYino^QonniwiJBOfnni.vltJon'iLflO'j Wntn

aonqttirii (Old English) fl'nunjmiiumflwfl'iuimnfliriEJ (masculine

gender) fhunmvmvi^o (feminine gender) iiasfl'iTnijffliiflivM (neuter

gender) fnnunwuwasmffoo^nunndaownwvi^i'j^j'i'Wfi'wii (stem) pho^itfu fl-mia

tvmrimioniilu*pui^m -o jTWffviYi -a
iiJuflnvniJviNQ^VKyfiqmsfSnn^

fi-i'W'iJj^iii'wnL^fiii.asjnuffiMii^sSl
"hund" "vim"

nn?nisiinonnLvlBiiBnL^fiuasnn'3nlH*jiluiiiJpi"ion<w nnunmvmnoj-mffvm -a flo

54

Tfrcwi?wi?i imnffmn

^iltanii^tl

^iJllljWM

1.

nrjpjn'nnuasn'najnTsn

hund

hundas

(uaflonT5iflmbsfi*muas
n-nuprco)

2.

aWufinninCuafUfmrnflw ifiuao)
a^iJYnwmin diatom?

hundes

hunda

3.

hunde

hundum

iflwminEu) GtaflonTniUmfifBofla)

luflittiaonqttatfEina'io (Middle English) Jooa^sl'uviEJ'iofliriEjfoT.jjao

ia*oovitfn^eama*BoiAlma*Eio ibbs uas^'3i!lo<u/i'iw'iBontiawonano^si,LYi,ufl'3Ejffl'3 e ivnnsfcsmqiJfh hundas hunda hundum ^otilaEjmCJ'w hundes hunde
uaz hundem waantJEJomnEj'l'u hunde hundem ^aan^EJoSn FJotfufl-iwrn hund

loiviaaivlEJo 2 ill nofiJ hund uas hundes ifiao^nflnunNfi^n'Uff'ttm -a iilu

in'i'vnsjdTwlvityl'w/ntnBonqw ^iJfi'nrmfii.viae 2 iiJ&iBNnfinaiONnuBnifiEJOfmN imnrino^vmoianYm uaswvjwitohiJu isiJij^onn-jtuaonqwatfolviN vrcaatfEjrifl ^nna^DBonqwajMonanoloin^n'iiiilaEjmi.ilaofifoT.vi^i nanQfleflnuniAujniriBonflw

ImilaowjitonMYmuasn^nenfflalil noiiltoiikiaflovmimnmi

T.Miino/inwnt^/inanT.mo^oljJCin^LiJaomiilaoiilfi'i nTnilaEimiilaoYno
\QonnmtfnibnnjnVbonn?tfa)aofh iihi luaifoYia^u?nNfhu,vio n-nanaouaofh nfEJi lbi ftfiiii uri ill iihi vtunn^w vunnvirm qianijwmon, Wh^tfu
m-nneonao lan Mvmi \,4u #mflnvitfoaVUtti)*i

aiiftfldnnn?LiJaomiiJaomnoT,Qonnimi^at^oiiniinniiilaomtilao Yrufinw
viuiEJiiaoni ua:mn?iila^miiJaomnoia<ooiiaifo^na^^

tfin'hi.vle'u l^iiino/inwnnniiil^omiilaomno^Qonnitun^nin^uw^'a^nsfn'i T/umo

/nTrii/!fa/niriBonqttnn?iilaomiJaomno^
mitilaomulaorno^QEnnitua dio 3J*in

mnWunfl

fmnJaWiiJaMtumin

55

iinT,nVninnniimtfinnn?iilaWiiJao^^

dnvifij/inwn^nfflnfiool^fiWufQwil-is<nfuBEJ nn?iiJaJomiila-ao*m::iflwm
iiJSomilaoluflaofh nniiiJatimiilaoYnoilteo uasnTniJa'omiiJaoYno'taEJ'inm \u

imw 7

O^^uu^snisuiuniifiiiilviifiRn'iiiiJauuuiJfi^luniwi

7.1 tflUiimnl*uJfhmiiiJfN

i?n\flm*nman/nttnfifinn?1^^ LildomdaofUn^fmumnpmnn^^
7.1.1 fiiiajfrssAifilufii^QQfiiffu^

uarm? *Ui

lunTsaantJEioifu iSntiiiwwnfiif^fl/inwidB^fflBon^inaBnlvi^aQEJQs'l'un'iT aeniSEJolMYnofJoiEJuasasfnniiniinjj'inmjjfl nto a'laanJoo w mmiu n ^r

EJinn'heeniJtJO o wijj^ej n ivms'artiu irm congress flwwfoiflowi'n:;

aaniSEJOQi fiamn?a iifl#Yjfl/nfcnaonqttih^tfwseflnifteoQn fiaotnia IwiwiIyio

n-i-58BnL^EJ0fnuna'i frc Ennn'iivifB^asfnniYi'inun'i-JBaniSEJO fi lcid^ mns

rctf^aaw/nirftmofoffnaav^^
?:noiiaflolmv1u:hnn7flenia*ooflQim^^

m?

iviqflijYjna'W'Yjnltf "fmuasmn" ^wn?fleniatooW^Nfleom'50'hiyifloirc vfoT.sJf^eotf (IriQudntftyfiihlYTiJ^^ ivi$fl ^oiilmihnfu? fhwaiififleT/unnrv^tfuri!^ iJfum

enwsiillmJfiiYiYnoiJEJO vifaiJtimannunnmnlfl iitoanqVjfiYjfl'h ifitnffTnsliJvn fjtu^efnvniaEJ (Jvton^friW'ft tfvjflnoflflonTSYjfm fif innni-Nzvurmfto qui vifaiy

YjflYj?m vujatilo urm vwaiilao tpfonfnoflnV'i'liiJ'wviiJBtilao an^mas^VWUJ

vnwjofiwfitnrru vifflthtytfolNf^nviNefmtfm
-uaofiulYiEiin tiloiJuMia-iij^

iila'o ivmzSfl

1 n^ncmitfutffiVmnLifmi^

vitiqjifurmijnB-i uwlwfitfnRn'jfi'aRnwwtni'JiflBOulvi'jo^tJ'JSOoniStj^'ii iSoon-JunRnoonlffr

il^9ouagfi?gii*i\ini?fiTii,lmf1ftfnniJ!{miiJa^1iinnn

57

7.1.2 fkfenflflllJflfl
mJaoyno/n*n

7.1.2.1 fma*ffini)BOp)Vjflflfiris/ntn

^f/inwnT,f/inw^annwnn?tu?(i'ioeinw liBOfifo^iyl-iT/i'iw'iCifmwjfn'i-i fh fft^afmavmotf^lNanania^ \,4u ^mtiimz uan-h ijfaph&nEJN'in urinTiltffli "aitunn" la^UfimfSn im^ovjpm \%mi\i
a-JEJ^iijmaEj" n-niaanl#fl*i 'sz\.\}?\' N"ia*afn*i3jvm-1EJ "ann" wwmnlvTni "isiiifl" iil^Ejmi.ilaoT.UYnofn'iwviJj'iEJuasni'jH
vian^in^^amnfnminEJ l*UjaijnmaBfmsjviajnEJ i^ mo luiaan iwnemm
l <a| ia 1 _ fiL

uymiufo ifvjfiflnanffoDn^jSn^n^nfiinEAilwtj/inw viSoSofmNVMnDfnoifiiftiJemih IvT^ownl^maw^vi'To i^fl/inwnn^ooMfmB^numnHvlof'wvj itfu 'othifimin

ulan" uYm "oEhiftofimilaV "wsjJEjI^^ili^QfflJjiJEJUPiEiovi^" urm "wmaVUfi

lbs'JflinwnoiiwfoviliN" nn^flnfuvjifotfa^mn^

nto

frm "w*w" fitn^S3miviu"icjiwiiao neviwnonoift,w-i^,wiJBOilf?i'3VifBSoiJBOi,^,vi flu

um fiuim frm islo rtfifmuvunoiYfaiu fia vijnufminnflnuWahvifiJfm ivto

tfurinfiflfmMYlu'h "ljmun" itfu unoiito vile "liJYho*nwnjJi]n?r itfu Imimfiu

ifttJ

uan^nn^tf/nwn^^oMtfflnfmnlvun^

inofifo

^/inMnon^^ilvTiflfinniiiJSomiJa'aYin^/iniiilwcjflQ'i^f fioVnanQiniJnouaQQTlu n-nflo ^ilA^^rtTiYjnnnfl^vjftVjft BoninTfndnflfnniinoflnfiliJirt^fl'3*i3JVi3J-iEJ

TflEJinfafo ififofienVltfifiiJiiiihtoti vrlofifmw vifaa'ini.Thvnfi'i^SJEJOfianEJfiaofi wuffri iihi fi^iftri'h upmost ivlaiianfmNvm'iEJ'h "goejfl mnflaV unurinfl fmltfne utmost tfauWnztfvjfilMvlu'h ut- ^SifliijjvianoBdnoMumsfi up
SlfmuviwnouasififfiifiTHJViunEJ'in "goejfl mnfiqn" r\iv frm peas nanoiilu

wvjYnifaaofrm pea ivnns^minU'n peas itasneiifnEjpea+s ^ouan

wvjvm moeifmo(qu,a''3 ffatfifimflufliuiJjffUiu'irinu'Ju (uncountable noun)

7.1.2.2 fTUSTlB

luffofijAfififlnadeijflfnnmwnrin^ iiiu "Luatnu/nwYnonTJflntn linonuVfijnniflnwniToaw'invifoljjWi'iinn'jSnwn

l\iiJWSYlijnofnufinn?^nwnit?riiil1qjty'iPi1vifBgon'i'i fmmwnnnoluflinu/niNYno efofitKi SalQ\imnlvTil7taiinnitumno/inwnTJBO^?iuffln^ion%iBBnvlil fjVjn/nfcnfiijnTj

58

TnwfmtVm minfffnn

fintngoffnfiflinijfmno/nwnwnoibsimm

TflEJfJVjn

LVia^u?u^sB8niSoo1.navnijfi-i?inoil?siYifi^Viuf^n iifu irrh tennis pjf/ntn

Sonflttffnaeni.ffcjo -s tfntifrilfV nnTeaniftooflnommutarjEJ -s miofhuSt tnv/ii

VvfyliJf/nin8^3nT]miriifl^^ fnfipjeaniJEio vmiuN-inffu iJejo -s ^ol^lifloil-snnflm^ofi'i'luisiJiiiSEio/i'iii'ilYiEJW'inaufi B*i^il-nni)1lm{lu*iiaoB?"53Jfin1liJ ^ona,'nV'inj"iusYnoavofi3J uazflinjqefoiiaopjVjfl

mien ifioQn^ijpusmnoffoflNiieo^iasiiao^^^
ulatimiiJaolu/ntnmilfl
a^fmoua^iNWauifluSoi^

iiuufi-u^rTu fT^fflfTna'TJttdVluiiYifl 4 anwwsfm^iuwnwnoYnomfi anq n*V5 flntn jTusmoftoflw nan a^mmmnlvTm^iJ/inwn^ufflnfflnonuBu^suiT.il^n'i? iiJatJuuilaoiiBO/i-iw-iidBi.'janw'iulin.ufi^fi
7.1.3 fmuitffyfrnmhinitfvifn?
ninm^ftyrnQYiunrn^innTJ fldQum^vT/inwnlfiot'a^nsfiaofiniiJ^EJuliI Itfad'io'nm-h fmm^ltynn^viunmno^rinnifiwam^^^ fmNflfllvrcj6!

iTu foflfmsmiflufhsfleovnfrifU:^^^ fntnyjn /inwnfflnofiSiBnn?^^smn1,vi^^fi'i'lviiJsifulf itfunniafnoflnfjulvm B'msTflEJ'jfl wasjfh vifBiiJaouiiilaoanwmsijnoilisnn?iiBOfnnfilfBEJua'3 aifi afiofh unulo iu ^nniiuifh^a 2 fhmwaunu vifBaf-iofh Imiffvw ifuTfioQfn'nainainju
vl'3Enn-ituav'uanf]?i vtfa3^nnwnoil?simfim,5iljnSo,uuiir*i3jn iiiu fiaavniPiBf vife
uiJafnnwnoilisLmfiu'ulvTiilufi'i'lu/i'iw'iiiBowu itfu mirm ^oiflufinlnEifmila^'in Red Cross QffrrsSrwpf'VNinfi^ LiiJa^m^flf3waI^owionv'iin'i'5iil^EJUuilao'lufia"oft'i uasBn^fiwan'JsmijmnlvTmfinniiila^^

uaniviuWlihnnfiflQnm^tymQvm^ fi*i1vi3J'r|uuua''3 iinofifoflnin'n^miJaoufiQi^viwnown^fiQnwi^f^nn^viU'i \,4i\ 1u /n^naonnw pen ifiovmofioihnnnijuunuiiiiwaofajvifin idevjfino pen fmfivjfl
/inwnaonqw^^iTufi^sfln^oilnnnnqnauvifBViSn^I?io^unpoi)nnnniiuuniao wo uu^oB'i^nan'jV'i'ifiQ'iiJviri'iEJiiBOfl'i'i'i pen umilaEJuliJ pnjmwju'in'niiBoihnm

uan^nntf^ovia>iflofftflna^3maoltf^^

kvipjn-mifrno

nn?ifiBo^oani9etowan?SYiijnun"i-5iilaEJUUiJaoBU'ifi?i nn?fif5inaT,moatfEJwai,anLib3j wtugaiuum ifonfaoadnoiiJumnon*nlu n.ff.253i 'IvTSmTjaemfteoph *?-a tias

iSoofnunailvT^t^uuu ClwamnlvTn-jriian'i'JiilaomLiJao^'iniSEJo ? tiJu a uas^nn

i^oo^^Tfu^fiQiinaiiiJmfioowEr^j'tfusifiEj'JifraBPi'jao nn-nfonfaoiiaofjijnamnl/mnfl

Jlg^miasfnginutnyfJTiilmftwfn'yiiJauumJa^'lufnMi

59

nni^uw^oini'qT.iJ'i'in'i-jl^BaniSEJOPi'Q i vi?Btf}oofniina*i1vT^^uuu iilum-seen JoofliwnlYiEjftl^mj'iw-jj'iu iyvjf)/inwnlmoiiJu<nuQUwnnfiSifin^oiiaonn'5Vj/i-iw'i ^n^jnudawwaoisionnivj^aoiiinlvhnoni-ijjsj'ipi'sj'iu vrcaflmiilaon'nYjfliJBOi.inT.vT

wha^sfiiiN'w^'iu wafiflan-jsinum^iilaEJuuiJaoinn^EJO i naStfJuia^ow&tytfustfioQrcaBFhao a ua^iniJEiofnii

faavoinffllmI?Bo^fowno'qm"Vna'i'33j*iua'QnnB nousT'inn'rji.ilaEJUuiJaouBO
/nttnen^inmfluwa^nnifomvia'itfn'pnN iiwL*5n^an^m'iunEjV'3niSBCiif^^EJLVia"iur
edno1flBdioviu!oiia''3 ^sflwaThlvfrnw'HilSouiiiJa* fmjjarfnnlunniaBni^EJOLilu

if^^Ej^^ftYnom'/nw'iB'i^iilaouuilao u^LVi^n'iituYnon'ri^Boi.ilu ulEJinEJiiao ffijnanan^flwam^vmfiYi'io^onoulilV flofoad'ioYiEinjj'maQ ^oan^aiiAfrhn-n iiJaEJUUiJaouBO/ntniful^Bn^nnviufilft luiQantf^tfuwnivlDJumflufmmflnffa*

vifanTniibuao/ntn uasfln^saaoLViufmNTumB'ooTAAum^ uminldaiNniauulVlfrhn?^^

7.2 n?siJii4ni^^cniHi,f1^ni?tiJau,uuiJa4,unii

mT,flna'nQfiotf^Brino^fie^jwamnH^^
flEm&rwsltfnan^ffamsinunn?^

1u
mzmu

nniivia^&iJumsiiQunnifiun/nttnff^ Juiia? nananuEivi^o mtiiQunniivial'i^i,iJun'5^ii'3unn*5BBii"iEjn'i7i,ilaEjmi,iJao fiU

ninum7tinunon*miJa,tJuiiiJao

7.2.1 nreiniifmfmflfntJiihN (Sound Change)

tru-nffntn/nin 2 atfouarwii^nfinniiila^uuilaomnoJEio t/msivm-h

nniiilaouuilaomnoi!iooLVial"iiJuLn^u^nnil'52L/iYi?ino i uaonTsnanEJuteoFialiltf i4u

7.2.1.1 nTsnaanauiJEJQ (assimilation) rmooroiltufri

t\ congress liIu fiaoinia uafloT/vftvmQnfinntnaNnamS&omfliJU fia iftcjo u(n)

?oaglnanuiSjo g in^na^naulvTtihniiLSEJO g anniu TpiEjna-iEJjj'uiluiJtJO o t!oS

fmmvifiou n mn&rfu
7.2.1.2 frmfimSm (sound insertion) irrh glimpse

lu/ntnaonciw ih^ifutfnifioiin\ifHp)3J'h glimsen uain^viUQnfinn'HYtoiJEJO -p- itf-ili] frm ecole "IionEJu" lu/nwipJfoifiaiJJoifltiiifTu/nwiasfludn

60

tawmfTni mmffmn

scola (vife school tu/n*neonqw) uainSsi.vlu'h /ntnpJfoifiafSni^jj^EJO e

itfihJflrfufh

7.2.1.3 nTsgqnffao (sound loss) nT?a;tyia*tJotfniiDunT5Pifl

kuao^nnn^^LfiEJOivian^uBglu^EjnofnfuijaoifiEJOViun vifaBEjluwnuviuo^vjrfljjaoiSEJO
viun i.iu LujnwTlYiEJ fln 2 v^Ejno^sflvjEjnonvifio^aoJEJOi.iinn'j'ian^EJ'ioflviuo itfu

lu fi-ran viuosfo pJVjfifiulyiEiei'JulviqiBBniSEioQ-i tfoSa TfiEjfiwEjnomi?n^jaoiatDoviu'n

nn^aoiattioviunlAME)noflu'^
v< ejionwunan ejiiJ m^EJonanoumm^EJO^?m

itfu nnuteo an i?Ju

iftoo as Vila lees unofifoiftoo^TswqnrimilaDuliI T/unmiieoviuoa*B -mtugnrflu

Wmi 3JZ3J10 Lii^itLvfuQTWEnonuinljJaoJEJoviiXn MEJoais at vife

laa^ uasMaoirsaiEjnpina'io nnirufiEJiifriuViii vwnnjbo lu/ntnTJoib-mfliu

^nnvianfi l L?nn^2i^uTna?2T,u^EjnoflLi?n^eofi-iuwLSEJOEj*i'3 fia an uasCi

^EJOWEfcyimsiriEjfle -n ffoti m8n^eBijnEjnnmlaJUi,iilaoii8o vunnatao

>

u^ijqo tenLn^^inniim^EJionuinna vunn laaoiJEJOviun mnlvun^nnia^jEJoa^

an aoiilu as Lilu vitfnabo ua^L^ainfin^gtytSoov^ET^futYriEJ-n uasn'miJa'EJU

uilaomnoia*EJOQTjtu|nri?r}EJ fhu\3nanEJNi8flniJtioi,{lmi23no nnia;tyia*EJom-it)fi'hJao

JEJOViun edio^ulunmuBo vunnabo
/ntnwno6!

>usano $ LiJmfaoiJnwfii^ilulu

n^2iJ'3un',i'5na-iEJLSEJo^Ejn3j'iufi!IJuiinon?2iJQun',i'5i,YinT4U tfoSn'ssiJ'iunTS

BU^anwnn^o^2flwanii^-iw'iiiwn?i"ionulil lnonizinunnin^wariannTiiJaEJUinJao
vian^ao/nwnitfunmiJBoniiaoi&Joiin^^ /ntneonqti ua^taEjmil.mn^nn'siilaEJUuilaopiBiUBOYinolQEjnnifu (^ 6.2.3) iinon?2ii'3unn?mfi?iniiJEJOiJBOflnLilufl'ieivlil itfu nn?aaimiieoi.a*EJo(metathesis)

frm ask tf^tfuifSaimEJunu axian ^oaemffooiiJu aksian lu/ntnaonrimni

uu iilufnadnoiiaon-n&iiftaBO -ks iilu -sk 7.2.3 fmflufh (Lexical Borrowing)

^Tmlflfiflnmijefin^firiBnii^ uuliw imuao iflfaottf eivmnTsnu waBPWUflQnNfififhiflnw'ioeanT.iJ ifja^flBOYjmio

ioiiaoT.vi^vifefmNflflivijJ6! ^noaBnliJufnLn^fiQ^^LiJum^2fflaovinnn^'i'lfmB*lvT
SenypJ'vfoV n^vinfnnlvi^^nT.fuumnV^EjlBn'i'JW'io'q itfu WflnT.u/nwnfiflaEJwfo
iia2Clfl^'iJJViJjnEi'lna*'LflEJonijfl'3-i3JVi3j'iEjT,vi3J Tfuinpi Angles vnaaontiwumftouu

iftJnLYini.vi^ffluviuflBQ'i god idB^nfiJiBnfinaunftfawSnnl^jTunklEjnws^iJutfi'i-i

god vifana'iiBnu'EJViuofoltffi'm god fruftovmnEJaaimmtfniiBovnnwujnltfvijnEi

ilflftiuafnginiifinflVii,lmfltifniiiJSltnim]iwlwnin 61

60 iNitLilm^ilufnaunfifaw fh^ofifmaviinMiJScmUJ BniBnnivmomtfnu wnnnflB nniafnonn^'ulviw^EJQBn'iiiu^fiflaglu/i-iwniTiu T/u/ninTjiEj'ltfn'n

lbsaijfnlvilflufhibsaij phadnoiiu idadu'mlo^oiiJuiiBolvi^ifiEJi.^uviiBflnsjn
riau flulmEjnibsajj ut mnu uflo ilu unim I'fiea'afmNviJnEJU uen^in

nT5ib2a*jfhua,''3 /n^TliiEJtiol^Bn-i'sasj-ia^LlEjn'i-i "avna" Min^B^nifuanflvwpio

uri 2 ffvw!m\ilNnrieiiluffYm^

TJolmEiu'ijn

fimiilaoltffhiiu Tynpfvw ifMdnoiiaon^ihfh In? (a^uant|?i) *najnariii ffvim

(a*uannffl) LviavmEjfionTSflflflaiiiJiJvifoifie^ fhri&flufhfo IwiJinnflWu/inwniJ^vifB^uantiffluAmEjaf-ioTl'uLBO ^DaiffEJViannTsasjna IStitj

SniBViflo^oHnu3J-inflB Ifinniftorin/ninfl'uibsiYifi ISnnitfiflulftoTjftoiMnrifi
amasfSwanismimno/nttivianEJibsnTi
7.2.3.1 fhfhitiijffwi (Loan Words)

lBnn?S^n^/inwnwnoiJi2Lmm^nWifufiwnnn'3"iviuoiB nTsSjjfhuiJijVfiJ ff^miilu^Bn^viflofoonEJ^EjPi asfnnuasnmhflqn flnmS^uiJiimiJfivimiTisjn^u

TflEjrnUJ Sfn^sqnfTfluiJaAvTi^nfTij'5siJiJifltioiio^/inwni|Bw maVeen^EJoVo'iEJiih

nTSilfu^EJOtiu^fjanwtu^tiJuuuiJUWU^^u footho rtu rinSN/nwndfrifiaftaifto* a idoifiliJDglu/nwnff^ntiwsiiJ^mllu "la itfu fine [flu] >fine flvlu], lion [a-aaol lion Cta-aau] fridfoifiafiMEJO g vflofiifiowrju ou idofluiin Vlu/ntneonqti ^saaniJEJOiilu ian itfu epouse [io-iJa] >spouse [aiihtf]
fri/nttnaonqtifiElmtfnanl/i^

flBinnlu/in^naontiwYinnnfflBoCi^EjnofimaoiSEJOViun 1 YJEjnofi iiJu^ computer, super idoqnSmtfnunlu/nanlYicjuiJU^ iaaa ^uijnonfo^EjnonQ^m^EJ^^^Bani^OLiiu^EJogoffln^iwgnffllm^EJ itfu

flajjvnma %Mq nniaoifteoviuTiWiEnofla^^Eiiieof^ fiifiiSufi-iaBOviEJ-iofl^uliJ ^QUSJinnao^DOViun^Diofi^m'iD itfu rmiftu IvMn uifflnn Sn^adnovivionBn-r^n stew iaStofitytfusibsaa st- agmwEJ-iofl iftoon S^i^wnT,u/iniYlmEj^ovl3jfSvjtityTru2iJ'52a3JiiiJiJUV f)ulmEjniJfu1,vTaBni8EJOonEJiirnIfEJ
rrmvimfto* as (a) rinUJviao s VhWflnuoQmScwiflu 2 viEjnofi 80 asg
uon^nnmiffmilaoiriftolvTitfnrTu^^ fiofin-nffa

nam

uiJa^f1n!llvTi^nrTiJisiiiAQDin7iiiiioo/inwni|B?jSn itfu ffru/nwnftnqwWh^tfu

T,3jiJoi,vjfi (gender) iifllu/niriLEJBitfufnuiNETofloa^
fnunmwfnno (masculine noun) fhunjnvmviqjo (feminine noun) vifa

rtnu-iuffliifiLnfi (neuter noun) idoSjnniSflnun*isnnnnwnYant|wiiTliAu/inttn

lEje-stfu iriumvia'nu^fasflooiioivifi T^tjVnlil'nSiBn'n 2 adnom^unniT/vuYifi

62

ftnwmyVm mviffmii

urimunNfiflmrilil iBVifonfo^nniilmo^EJO^aofh aniilviuonflB flinmflflmff'i

liJu\iSimvi3nEJinEJQtfBon\ifrft^ TflDmVUJfrmnmEJBiffufiiilu infTHiyo DsaoefoEJutoo -a urfflnun^i^fiifnEJuasT.^flm^tao^EJiSEJOVjS'^ifur inns

fistfumm stress mSmtf^iAu/ntniflentfu nSsqnmviufllvTiSumunmwf'jinEJ

vifamunNUiSiym -s^vi'i'ion'iu'iJji.vifi'ffnEjnuT.jJSmfi flenVWffiSfl 2 na qrmjj
viwnEiiiBOflnS^^lna^flEJomnon^wviw'iEjniJfi'i'lfi frrh stress 1na*iflEJOYnofmw

visjiEjnii Kampf "miwotfufaflu" vrlo Druck "finunfitfu" iaiilumunijmfnnEi

yfofj fiotfu stress ?oSn^n^vinEJ^iAumnuBomEJ^nu^ognnnviu^T,m!!Jun*iun3J
infWlfl

uoninnrin^sqnwJSouuiJaAYHifa^
Suutf? AnSiJEToVfijnn^iilaEJUuilaoTu^nufl^nwviJjnEJ^Bon'ifin^QEi i^BonTSulatiu iiilaoYnofmNvmEjtf LfluiiluLlflo^infi^ulflonEJua23j'niilmf80L^vin2fi"i ffiBdio itfu
Aaalah lu/nwianvifii uwi^WLi3ualQUiiBonnHi)?2naiJViu'ifi'iBUt^BiJofi'3'i

vianEJiniiluififaowuflfaona i^BS3JLiT"i3J-i1u/nw'iT,YiEJiilu82vlvia fifmumnfl'h fual'3uiiaotfif80^n?mu'i3jnLiJaEJUUYiuu8om"i mvmEJulna\8Jon\imnNVi3nE)i?i3J upim aslvia fofifmaviinMfiNfufinTi "iiaodniao^otPilEj^'fl'flm'aa'i^'ii.iJuvifewBO

mi I^EJ^B0^uT,3J^ii)ufT80LiJuLfilB0^ninanl^ " itfu ma^pm "umjtfufin

i^EJouiiiiuljjfl^iEjfiEJsai qsuun^flMillue^viaefn 5-6 nan"

^onanitenmSafuTOnlumttniiBot^
VaEnnitu vifemnavmEJBdno'Uad'ioviuo YiSommm l edionlfl miffouilaouu

rtiulvi^nNsiilunniiilaEJUiiilaomo^
moib2imfflanwmsmoia*EJoWif%on\i?s^

mm/run

mn mfSaunwm2mio^EJO?!ino^n?2iJijJDoiJBOt5j'El3jjjnn nniflmiiJaomviulmfo^u uarm^gntlsjiinsjnnjjniviuVfm'nLiJun'iSw

nn?flmiilaomoia*Eioii8omElNmNfinanQ3n^

^mlumwn^nm^^^nnviu^VonEJQnLilumEljj ivnnsfian^sfkvmlmfoti^u wag mSmtfn"iliiu"mtfn t^^nEToB-i^jjaoiviulfT^i^uQ'iLilufl'iEljj upiifjBiia'ia'JoiaEjT.il

uarniu5uflnn?tilaEJUuilaoT,ilv<ffl3jnijflnBuei fiiflumiftol^mttnuu^iia'a fhfbjftaz naijnau^iJniifi'ii^3j'lumti'iifu^UEJ'in^2^nuunBBnYl^ ivi^u^oiMniinnifiEionu'h

muu^iilumSsj iflumiftotu/ni-n vifeiilufi-i^oaBO/ntnmonSjjjJi^nn/ntnfi 3

itfu frm ao lumtniujn Baniftoo-h aoi SmnavijnEjfflion^imlYiEJ'h on fi

uilain wapmtftfuflviuo frm ao uWiffn'iaW a eannSsMEJOfnmEJfrrh "on" lumtnlmEiaj-in ^uunfl>inm&sMtfmT,mEJifl3J ednoYbnPim'h on nltflu/nttnlYiEJ

i)g?miagfiisiJimn?f{fii'lmf!yinTfiiJt{umiiJa^1timtn 63

mVfUJ an^iiluTiifl^nmu^fln^oifi^iJaomolmEJiiasiii^? uwinoaBom^nmonSjjrn

mn/nwnfi 3 mEjnu ua-amondnniiiJaEJUiiiJaolu/ntniiBOfflu

frm mn "fafymSofifm" u*u iiwiW ifiEjn mnEjfioilaoiin mtfviiilu

mwnlYiEJYf^iJ imaoflinmvmiiuuBU^Viniilufri^^

mfuiluiTtyvniiiJiJfliBdnofi^

iiluifneovijnEiiiaflO'h

mEMumtnuu i^BmwnT-umwniiaQijnofifonEjnn^s^^utenflniltu6] iflufhfto

l.unniSwmmanmoilisimfiiiiiiimiifTnmiTr'isj-iifu thrJlWbifmwnw-u
ibziym nan^Clnitu^aomElijmiifl'w'niiiiiJTf'i'JiJnu Ifknmiu^flwmmoibziYimn

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"middle" agviunrnvianflBmu'iN "man" mMiuuTflioainoTjaomwiBonqw uwlu

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72

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uas a pnuaifiii loiuuvmiEJifteoais 2 vmimUEJolumttiaonfltt

viuiEjfialuuimanmeifilumtnuiiEinm "vmiEJiftoo" miriYjnmtnSviuiEj ia*E)oaisuasvmoia*E)owETtyims viuitii^EJOiiiwgnw^uCSag'luunomw'iiYin'uu itfu

myntyiEJ mwmu mwnuug'lumliliiBvlin'iiiasmw'ijIn^iYiIn'luilisimftiljn^In

viuiEJi^EJOiiwasviuiEiT.jJin^siiJuviuiEJifiEJO^tiqjTfus vmiEJiUuoais VlfflVIUlEJ

iSEJOiiitugnwfSumunYiiviSBunu na^'iiiunfm'iajviJjiEJUBomT.umwiu'u'q wiadio

iifu iftoov^tyimsfiiimumEjmfrmi o ifluvtuiEJiSEJolu/nwiTiyiEJ vnnltfviuiEJiffoou' iimufuSEJOwotyTmsflUiiBom mu ^z\?\fa oiu $oiuumBnmviu^1,umttn\YiDfi

ClfmajviJjiEJimnmoBBnlu' ffoluuwu^wwaliJu^
mu nn

LjjanviiuvnuviiBvnjjaoiiBomo6]

onu

- "ftoviiaiiaofim"

mWviuiEJi^EJO^iimufiiSEJO^^ifuswiasnfin^slmi-i mo
fmajviajiEJBnfmajviaj'iovitio

foiiluanmviu'oiiasfi

82

fawinfrm imnffmn

"i

*>

**

mu

mo

aiuiiBonomEJ

lumwnBoniiwniiuiflEJinuiSEJO^tT^ifusfiiimumEJWiS'nwi m iuuviuiej Jejo ideWiiYiuJEJOviEj'^Tfuswuueom ban ^sVmlviJJfia man iiasiijaltfiiYm

iftooY^flusmEJuaom sun ^sVmlviajflB sum

mluminamiiwnmoriuivjEio l viuiejiSejo itfu mluqmmfld-iowa'tu'u' ^s

ivluVinm*luii?,iasf)Cifii'i3Jvi3jnomonuBBnvlul
Iifi
^u
aau
1BO

Ian
i$u
fien

(monu^i^EJOVitiqjifusmO
(mofifufiifteoais)
(mofiiSEJOViETqjifusmEj)

ibo

(mofiia*EJOintugnPT)

hat

rat
fun
bitch

(mofSiSEJOVifityTfusmO
(mo^i^EJoais)
(mofiiSEJOviEiqjifusmEj)

fin bill

mlumtnamiwnmonmnnni-i l vmiEJi&Jonlfl itfu

ivteo
ao

ivJeju
efu

(monu^ifJEJOv^^ifusiriEJiiasiSEJoiiiwgnn)
(monufiiSEioaisiiasiSEJOviEJ^TfusmEj)

i$a
inu

iib
upio

(monu^i^EiovitiqjifusriuiiasiSEJOiiiwgnw)
(wnoviajpiYfoiSEJovioqjifusfTU Jooais iSejo

wffnjimsii'iD uasifteoiiitugnw)

church soap
come

catch
sing
red

(monufiiSEJOVjEit)j,ifus?TuiiasiSEJoais)
(monufiiSEJoaisiiasiclEJO^ETqjiJUS'iriEj)
(movmflmoiftEJOYMtyimswu iftooais uas lSEJOVIEiq)UUS>riEj)

TrnwrfwiMfnin : jwamftw

83

naniUrh mlumanmlajltfrnvfooiSEJO (homonym)1

fmuvi3j'iEjmonwu

msSfmmiwnmo

ynoi^EJoadnouBEJ l miawa ^oa^iMm viu^EJi^EJOiiluviuitjdnfltymm'lvrmCI

9.3

mitn

viuiEJiSEio'wS'tyifusiiasviuiEJi^EJoais iiajn^iuunqm^EJofifliiunfllvity^u
ilEjnm wEJiofl T.uunomwni^umwilmEiwmofiiJisnBuiJumDViuiEJiSEJoiiitugnfflSn

fan v^mofliiJuviuitjT.umwnfiii!lu^f^nnuIftEJYifivlil imiieomtna-ianinuentflnn waoiaajeinrii^vi^oiJisnBumEJViEi'iom'iuiunviEJ'iofn wiedno itfu

mtnaonaw

/ntnlYiEJ

muiuwmofl

ten

!
mim

VIEJIOfl

paper

VIEJIOfl

bicycle
automatic

ilismim

3
4

nenofn

rjfiimntn

wmon

university

#llYlUnW{)l

WEnofl

generalization

unDnifjJuwl

VIEJIOfl

iiJuwu

mwnYinmwnflnginw^unniiiajviuiEJiSEJomiiluiNmofl nainwriffyn
mwnSivialaunufia vjmomiwasv^EjnorifflBoSviuiDiSEJoaisBdnouBEJ l vmiEJifteo ebu

1WiwnS3fiiYlClflii^ivinEJwnof?wiinfli!ltJ^ivifiowfiTioq^wiuvi(t-3 wiiltiniwichtfti fVrwiMiftoo

iiu fnii
In fTovl

m lu/nwilmtj fhivichto^onfoiJIuYi^:^^^

friflwtfmnnlviN ("oitnsrfl^o^" Ifa-imJIunfrm Su)

wifjw^ftirio^ ("vioiiojiijj" Ifl'nmJlLiYifh'h \*jfi) Wn4flfwniJ1iJYilJfl*i-3fi',u lJ-j^Iaflifufi^sSfnnjjnin'Hjm-jfniMviuioV iiJu
fnamiooUjAOEJitfu
il-jsIfjflfljnfi'moi^flfmjjviuiolfT 2 fmumnu ao

1. "vioDO-aioJuoolm'iHi ivmsenqvnn"
2. "OQEJ'3SffHrUOOTIO'3^,ulfi'

84

Tfrcwrcfrm mirrifffln

viu^EJiftEJOY^ifusfiBglumiivm^

liiflumtnmo6! ^uiiaomviuiEJi^EJOiBOiias^uiuiiBOViuiEiiSEJO^ilinn^umuviuo
uu6! ^nwiYjnmwmsdirBnnvium'n ^umiiviuoviunaisviiBmiiviuowu'WEjnofnuas'lu
miiviuaviaoaisvifamEj^moffasalvm^ viu'iei

iSEJO^uiofiili'in{)I?i?)ei1lffluiiplasmiiviu,o uasviuiEiiSEJolpiunofiilnnfliiajnuitlu nqajT.rfluuwasmuviuo ivIa^sT.vtiviuV^fii^uiims^wiBdnoiJBo^mofllumtinlYiEJ

uasm*neonf|ti

ufusmmwiiYiEjmvium'i lumiiviuowuv<Ejnoft9^tTtijifuswui^nuiui3Jifiu

2 vmiEiiftoo manaonq^salYMtyTmsflulmio 3 vmiEJiftoo WhiiviuomEiWEnomieo mwnlyiEjfJTNEityTfuslimviDO l viuiejiSejo urimwnaonqttaltmnnfio 4 vmiEiiftoo itfu

fii%n lno

fmnfunqu

AiuMitanumj'Nfl

wfltyimstfu

1 vmiEJiffao
2 vmiEJufcjo 3 vmiEJiffao

<*

10

hat

ljan
X

stop

splash

AiumtatficjifitJ'Nfl

wffojimnrio l viuiEiiffao
2 viuiejiSejo

Cta
X

man

left desks twelfths

3 VIUlEJlffajO
4 VIUlEJltfojO

uan^nn5iniu^uiiao^nuiuviuiEJi^EJofi8n^^silim|)T.uwniiviuofflu^Ejnofi

iiasm'nEiviEinofi^ol.upriBd'ioTr'io^uu^iiai fl'oCinginw'ri'luiiBO^m^iviuiEJiSEJo'lpi^s
u,inn{)lriT,umiiviuomi^Ejnorivii8YhEJViEjnori iilu viuiEjJEJofiiiYiumEifliantti aj

lumttnhiEi uas

m Tu/ntneonqti aiajiiniJi'in^lumiiviuoffluiNEnonfiV
maj meet jam iiluriu urivmiEJ

iriEJiNEJ'iofl^rflu'noaaom^n itfulum arm

jEjo^iiYiumo^ian^i o lumwnlyiEJ uas ng lumttnaonnwuu^su'i'infllu

miiviuofflu^EinonnlriviiBmEJvyEjnorinT.^umwnT.Yio itfu onu uno iilutfu urflu

mttiaonqwviuiEJilteouilinn{)T,fe^

fiolum thing,

Tfinfffmifljmtn : iifomflm

85

young lumiiviuowuviEnomSEJofiiiYiumEjS'nwi ng ^slaJifiEJilinnflne^sLjClm itfu *ngupl *nqouse lumwiBontjw

uamnniiao?iiviuiEJiSEJOiias<"iuiuviuiEJiSEJO^onamajniiai fioflnflinwmieo

miilnnfliiajnuiiBOViuiEJiSEJOBnmD madno itfu T.umtnlYiEJViuiEJiSEJofiiiYiuri'iEJ

tfianwi vi iJinnfliiajnuviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiumEjmBnwi a Wumuvmoffluvimofl niulum iviao vjSn uwsflviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiumtjmffnwi n ^stajib-infliiajfiu
viuiEJiSEJofiuYiumEJ^iBnwi a lumuviuo^onam flouSno^slaiflmm *Yta*io

*Vna lumtnUiEJ 1umwn8onqifu wiadnoluanwtusifiEJinuflB vmiEJufajofiuYm mEJWianwi f ilinn^iiajnuviuQEJiSEJO^iiYiuri'iEJWiBnwi 1 tflluphuviuo miTNEJiofi drulum flag flee imviuQEJiSEJO^slaJilinnfliiajnuviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiu
wiEJfflianwi m Whuviuoftonam mlvftaialfrm *fmat *fmin lumtn

aonqw iiJuriu

9.4 nisa^Su^miminuasfm'Hqfi idaviEJ'iofinaj^ifi'uiiJunqajyjEnori fiauleoYnoiSEJofin 2 uisi/m fUstfao

namfio Imiri miaoiSEJOvn^niuiuasmivigpi lumiaanJEJonqaj'WEJ'iofi ii-itaAfTaan iSooIfiEjIvTunviununvimowmYjEnommnuuwina1miaoi!lEJOViuniuimajn{)intunlu m*nu?ias/n*n ffiadnoitfu T.umwnBon^wty'vjfi^saoiSEJOViu'nfiqfi'luvimofiviflo wmofllfluaomiaajB Turn paper, ready , important luuriu ?JVj?wsaoiflEJO

viuni^v^ns^^Ejnofl^!ifiia^AfTimuu lumivjfi/ntnniumtnaontiwu^ mvnninaen iSEJovjEjqjTfusaisVadnognfflBo iiriaoia*EJOviu'niunfifln{)infu^umwnuu mYjpifiii-i vjflaenaniisiu'umY^fftaJqnflfloiiasm^ fliad-ioitfu m

paper uas emergency lumttneonqtt iilutfu nuaonri^saoiffEJOViu'nfl wmoflfi l ueomuin uas fiwEnonfi 2 iiaomviao uwiyVjft^vjfimw'ilYiEjaj'naoiiEJo

vtunfiwrnona^mEJ^otMiasmHinfitf^
miaoiflo^oofii4Qont|tj
paper

frnQoniffowoofmlriu
nJiife

emergency

aiajanuf

1 Ifl^O^VIUIEJ * \ft!l0Utfl4Vmnfl1Vl3QtfQAQ1W^QUM^

86

Tfiwrnifrm imnffffin

T.umwnl.YiEJu'ualnniaoi^EJOviu'niuni^uifiEJinumwnBU6] itfu mm "ilisin *u" (yv^sBBnJEioTflEjlaJaoia*EJoviu>ifi^^^

anaj mm "unffuajsviim" if^sT,ajaoia*Doviunfiwmofffi^

fiviEnofifiaaouasa* WiitfifiYjmiianntfYjflBm^saoiSEJOvi^
irhuuluminoaaom

uanviniiBOTiflomiaoia*EJOviuniu-iua*i EToalifaoflaonnivigflfofl^fini^floviu'o nnivigwalviunfivianflBivlBuilofiinaj wiBd-iowBYliJufi{JuwiBdio1umtn1lYiEJ^iiaflo1vi' ivlum nnivig^mofinumT-vTinwini-iajviaj-iEimonu iiolvtcfoinfimEjmnnivigfi^monu

ajfnaliiBomiaoJejoviuntuinlufjlil faej

n. f\u mufioaji
fjtum iifioan

(^vj?iilEjn^v1omEjrinm fjtu triads

uenrwufifa muflo an)
(^vjPiUBnfjtummnu^fa upio an)

fjiumiifio an

(fjwpnuaofmfifem two aji)

u. uiu!lo viajfiuai
un uloviajmiai

(uSiiflofuuunflu^viajmiai)
(unnanoiiluunuijoviajmiai)

9.5 tiuifNiiftN

lfBOUBOlSEJOU,lSl/lYla;?lmEJ^^sna,mno1u^uwimln, mueoia*EJO muooiStJO

iiluiieoiiBOisri'uiffEJoqom^Bomvjfli^uiflEJinuiiiiugn?! uwmueoiiiEiophonu

inwgnw msfiiiiwE|nmiluisflui8EJoa;om$oin^ muBoiSEJoiuuiswuiSEJogomfftaj^

umfltntfeu

numiuaflOBBnYnoBiiajtunmajfHn uasinEJitfDonunnimuunilisiJiYiiJBoaniYno

muaniajtuflmajfaViuu mananinTffmueoiSEJOuaflomnajfluiffu fmajIniB fmaj

auh fmajlaiauU iiluriu ciiuYnomumi^iuunilisi/niiiBoaniifu rieEjmeiviu)o ameloa-iiua^ofmajUBniannlri' mmajnlfl ilgiaBnltf ^uagn\iiiuumosiii8o,muao

iSejo iuuwu wiadno itfu iIisTew It's raining. mYj?iTflEjltfisfluiftoona'ioeiwo
uwwulilamT,ufiBumEJ na

It's raining.

Tfwffywnrewmn : iifotuftm

87

lJislEJinu^sdoaiimpJumaofin iifflmvjfilpiEjHis^uiSEJonano^T.uwauwuiiaiEjnisri'u
-' lEJflB

It's raining.

lJislEin^sdoaiim fJurinaopinUflviaj iiJuwu tfaiiflnmoenuisnniviuoisvmo

muBoi^EJonwuiiiWE|nwnnamuaoiSEJoili"ini)'luY|nmtin*luIan upmifugnwilnnfl
ittvnslumwnunomwiimuu

n{)inaiinniHmuBoiSEJo\umnmoeia1riiunmEJflaonuBgu*io EjnwiBdno iifu isfTuiSEionaio6] lufiauffluiiaswnaomluwBUiTiEJ aTn^siilumuaoiilEJOiiBO miuanfmaj diuis^ui^EJonano^ufflauriuiiasEiniiugoluwaumEj aTnusiiluVhueo iftoomimaj luutfu ednoT,ififimwniifflasmwnaTn^sa1n{)inw^ivj-isiJBomni4UBg ?Tiej TfimsiYnsBdioSomw'ifianiitutinfl n^inwri^inEJiiTBonumilfis^uiSEJolu

mtniviaitfaTn^sEioEnnnmmwiau6] iw"isa1n',iicl,!ihspiuJEJOYi'o<luuoiiao'3iifugn?i
iiasluiiouaomuBoJEJOiJsilunulu'

9.6 tr^inflHtrfNYmiihN
a^ulmh iSoolumwnrfu^Inioaiioilisnau^ufTiEJViuiEJiSn^^ifEJnm
viuiejiSejo viuiDiSEiounoviuiEJiSEJOBminm^EJiV uriniiJurtiuueEJ ebulviqjviuiEJ

iSoo^stfifiiiajnuiiJuviuiEJ^lvitJJnm iiEjnmviEJiofi nniiiajfliiiaovmitjJ&oiihiiJu

vjEnofi^iilulilfldnoalvianintu'ri uwasmwnmonalvianintu'niiwnmonuBBnT.il mviiii
mviuiEjJEJOiaouufiiiunu mwnuwasmwnwnona1^uiuviuiEJi^EJO>laJiYi'inu wiviuiej iSEJOiaoluuwasmwnnan^al^ivialBunuuas'lajiviilBunu itfu mtnT,YiEja1^uiuviuiEJ

iSejoyiStylus 21 viuiej mtnaonrjtial'WEiqjifus 20 viuid lumwnaonnttflviuiEJ iSEJofiunuri'iEJBnwi th, z, g, v nan ^olaJCTlum^ilYiEJ phumwnlYiEjn'al vmiEJifteointugnpi ^omtnaontiWlaJfi nouammttimo^samuiuviu^EJiftEJOuas

ffivmiEJiSEJOiiflnmonuaenlil imiSEJoT.umwnaju.^du^unalviuiEJiSDO'nivialBunuiilu
cfaulviiy t^fiflnwnmwnviieunmtinmafli^flmw^ aji^fiviuo iiEjnin ftmenwi (phonetic alphabet) a^iBnttiu^offulvT

anaj'iinuYiuJEJO^aj^tfluIanul.fvjflYini^Eio pfyianwiilisfi^jijuajnlm'flao^-inmw'i
YjnmwnflanawsiiajnuiiluvianuasSfninajfflnoiiJuilandaEJim

uvm 10

inT.pmamfoviuiEJiSEJOuas'WEnofi ^oiiluviuiEJ^lajalfimajviajiEjIumtnaji

ua*i luuntfuasunfi ll iimsnamnoviuiEjmo^^alfimajviaj'iEi'lumtn TflE^snam fiofHiasviuiEjfiSiiunma'nnmfl^uuYiu' uasna^inoviuiEjfia1iiu'i^1,vit)jnmri"i?o,lmiri

iauasilislEJflluunnrflil

10.1 miium (Morpheme)

amnamT,m^TfiEJifoT,ilm^

ilisneufliEjmnm uasdmasT.iuio ^flmwiT,YiEJYmnu^sananiauflnlflm qm tfajin'o iilu l uisTeja uasilisTEifi^SBEJ 3 fa na qm Saj uas in'o pJVjpi mwiaontiwanajninuanVm Mary is charming. liUu 1 uisTeja llisnau
fliEjm 3 fa na Mary, is uas charming mgivialeu^siiluviuiEJianfi

fjfi^a1ninajviajnEjT,umwnmajfninajmT,5iiJB0fiuffivliJ adnovlinpivnn'wmipnm^nmoei edioasiaumswum aoalviuiEjlumwnegenilisi/iYiviu'o iiluviuiEjfififmajviaj'iEJ^oal

nuimSnniim Tflmrh^iAMoufi^na'mfiM upivmiEJflo

naninalflinajdnfl^ajnnimi^EjajnuviuiEjlumwnilisi/iYiBU6! riauftasalhnEJmviuiej fmtfneesTs ^slvTmT,um'iBonfi^?ivifioii)u?fiadno fliiaiifuvflinuffliadnourias madnoiuumiaijfhiaflomm^tfu ibsnaumEJViuiEJilisi/)Yiu'ihuiunviuiej

farm
farmer

1 viuiej
2 viuiej

farmers

3 viuiej

nniinfimimTjumm farm ^oifiEJunnnVlmhilisnBUffaEJViuiEJ l viuiej nu farmer ^oriinulmnibsnaumEJ 2 viuiej imnNsivluiTSiJfii'wajiiu

mn farm na -er trufiEJU farm uas farmer monmaJvianEjmviuUrh
farmer alfmajvianEJiilu 2 viuiei na fmajvianEJTiBO farm nunmajvianEJ

ueo -er

mm farm irmmunmajvianEjeguai

cbu -er numsSnmaj

ImHflfnwumtn : wihofhuasfh

89

viajiEjm "cjm" ivnnsftsuS^oa^iflpim farm uas -er monalYfo^iluasfmaj

vianEJYfofj vivbEJiioaeou iin^aJanajniniiEJnaoT,iliiJuviuiEjfia1nin3JViajnEjfiianaonmu^

T.flfin imiEjnviuiEJi^u^mviuiEjm farm uas -er aljnusiyhifiEjajnu neiilu

vmiEjmYfofj mm farm uanmniu'uviuiEjmuai&oiuumBnfliEJ ivnnsaianifl

inmfitiiln diu -er iiJuviu^Ejmii^aJT.Timivji-isin^ifiEJilaJlfi' tn farmer
ilisnaufmEJ 2 mtaum farmers nilisnaunufliEJ 3 viuiEJm na farm,
-er, uas -s nnifiEJUfimajvianEJisvmo farmer nu farmers inn

nnum ^il -s fifmajvi3J"iEjm "annnmvmo"

miinvlmiwnviuiEJnnl.uuo^BO^iliiin^si^umviuiEjnnan^iiJu 1 vjmon Ivitynm l viEnon viieiannm l vjEJionnT.^ aBo^madiopialiJu

(clean)

clean showed

vjEnon

(clean) (showed)

VIUIEJ m

vjEJion

2 viuiEjm
1 viuiEim

(show-ed) (able) (farm-er-s) (un-able)

able
farmers

2 WEJIOfl

(a-ble) (far-mers) (un-a-ble)

2 vjEnofi

3 viuiEjm 2 VIUQEJm
1 VIUlEJm 1

unable

3 vimon
2 vjEJion

nisiih
uiftni
Tffliuiiiin

(nis-iih)
(un-fl-m)

(nisiih)

3 viEnofi
3 WEnOfl

VIUlEJfh (unftm)

(^-fu-uiin)

3 viuiEim

(^fi-iu-uun)

mn?fiBd"io^:sivmUmn l

vmiEimemffau-mflouri 1 vjEJioriiiuliI uan

mntfunovmiEjmiToamiannmwmomSEjen
<asuu iimoamaiiMm

lumadio farmers al 3 viuiEim

na farm-er-s viuiEJEjfnriEJnB -s laJT,^ 1 WEnon uahsiilu 1 viuiEjm ivms

viuiEjfi-iiiluviuiEJian^a^^fjni-iajviaj-iEj ^oamfjuuiflfloupi l vmiEJiffao T,il
^ufkmanEJWEnofi

Vna^iajnunoua^m'iviu^EjmunoviuiEJiilumV^EJ itfu farm upiuno viuiEjmnlaJl'jIm luuitfitioetauiiBom itfu -er viib -s trui-ivhni&ri v^ion
viuiEJm uas fin vnaajnu iiniisuaivium^BninajviiiofBninajlaj^niClu^eoalmuiu

viuiEJirio 3 viuioimnu FJomednopialilu'

90

tfflttfmffmn mwwnn

"Honn

mhutii
1

fll

cat

l l

1 1
1

played
writers

2 3
1

2
2

lbsq
IlOllEJU
munismw

1
1

2 2

uanmnvtu'iEjm^sal5u^moBinuffoVnaniaj'iiia*''3 vmiEimviu^EJO
em

anmEJ UBEinfiiadnomtinaonqtianmoviflo
wmm

WjVKW
hats
books

1.

hat book

2.

dog
table

dogs
tables horses churches
men

3.

horse

church
4.
man

5.

goose

geese

6.
7.

child

children

sheep

sheep

innphad'ioThouuu viuQEjmfiuflnmnajvianEJWvjYwu viiaannnmviu'ouufi

viaiEJ^il no -s lum^pifi l

-z lurimflfi 21

-iz lum^fifi 3 riiulum

1 Iil,5fl^infl'3ifi'3u^^?r*3^nfl -s ivijjeuTfwi l u?ftuniT5sij3iJiJQOvivtoEifh iiiflfimioon icto^ljjUfocisnA to s vnofliUiifflYi 2 oonicto-Jitlu -z

frmflfmifumtn : wbufhuasfh

91

%?\$ 4-6 ninajviajnEj^uanvivjvj^umona1*ju'ii?inmoBBnvlil!in Tum^flfi 7 nmaj viajnEJuan^vj^^unajaolajiviu^ilifiEjmEJ'in ivnnsfcsu\oflma^iilftmviuiEJfHfiEJiflm

uanmnviuiEjmBm^sal^iluwimomiuai viuiEjmlumtnmo^EToCifmaj u?inmonuluifBomiilnn{) ananimiiioViilu 2 ilisi/inlviaj^o
ilisi/iymviuoimiri vmiEJfh viia emiiEjnm "viuiEjm

aais" viu'iEjmT,u/inwnT,YiEjdiulvi^iiluviuiEJmilisi/iYiur tfiBdnoueovmiEifh ilisi/iYiu'liU/nwiT.YiEJiias/ntnBontiti Ifliiri iJai iia ilisej tree, mountain, vegetable iiJueTu ^siviuVmviuiEjmilisi/iYi^silisnBumEJ l
*WEjnonvifevia"iEJViEJ"ionnl^ uri^sifiEJUiYhnum l fin

ilisi/infiaBolmiri vmomfftaiananiniJinnfllfl^lfl vtiaemiiEJnm "vmiEjrnlaJaais" viuiEJmilisi/iYi^aoinnsnuviuiEjmau viiBUYiinagluviuiEJmBU madnoviuiEjmilisi/i'nulumwTlYiEJuas'lumw'iaontitJ Vuri

tfruiaao
m*
uncertain rewrite mislead kindness writer
ended
uniiEJU

unilisvniB

pjilismfi
unfair rethink misunderstand

l]iuw?nfBU
unpleasant recycle
miscalculate
sadness

happiness
driver
shouted

player

planted

uanmntfviuiEjmlaJBais aoiiuoiuuilisi/iYidflEjlflen navtuiEjmT.ajaais llisi/iYifiinnsag^oviuniJBoviuiEjn'iBnviuTEjflnviuo vtiaiianm viuiEJfinifiajviih \f\

un un- tf- un- re- mis- Iwhediotfiouu aniJisi/nnvi^onaviuiEJm laJaaisilisi/iYi^imsBg^noviaoiJBOviuiEjmanviuiEjmviflo viiaiiEjnm vmiEjmifiaj viao Imiri viuiEjm -ness -er uas -ed fioilimsluwiadnoihouu uan ^mfeoalviuiEjmT.aJaaisBnilisi/iYivifioiiEJnm viuiEjnnipiajnaio vmiEjmilisi/iYiu

iJmnaii'ninBgmEjluviuiEjmBnviuiEJVi^o viuQEjmilisi/iYi^fSlaJajnnunT.umw'imo6!

92

InroniffTn fnmtfmn

wiadno itfu lu/ntnglin foiilumtnBUiflEJUii^oluYiiilBiajfmiviuB aim

sepolah vimtifto "yjo danvnu)" num segepolah vianEjfio "yjo (vjvjvnu)"

viuiEjm ge na vmEjmmajnanouanmnajvianEJNvjYwu

rinviiumw'ilYiEiu'u

riiifln luumfJuisnaumEJ 2 viuiEjm fie iffa nu -*iu viuiEimfiaeoalfmaj

viajiEjm "mlvT ftouu fa rimflfi ^oalfmajvianEjm "mTvunV viuiom -~iu iuuviuiEJfhmajna-10 nai?iajmT,iflumm "inV

10.2 fh(Word)

i^Biinvjm'nmanilisnBU^umEJiSEJOuasfimajviajnEJUU vmiEjfifjVjfl/ntn
TflEjffilu'fiBmiu'uviuiEJianYiqmnd^^ m uaJmcJ

flnanmwn^s^vTiinivlumviUQEJian^EjPi^alninajviaj'iEj'lu/inw'ina viuiEjm (^ 10. l)

afliiimfipnaj ninaj^io^au^si^utomnni^ilinii3JiiEiumnfiiiJui!!Jufi-i atWvmiEJ

i^EJOViiBviuiEJm v^^unu.niajiJBomw^nmajnuii^ml.umwnal'liviuiEjm vifaiu iianfialmiDajisvimo/ntn nniSajnSsiu'uniiEJajmiu'ua'iuT/wty (guYifi 7) ivn~is

rcu\noemnamVmfHu'uviuiEjfia1m^

lalBinvHnimnTflioanoijaomirifuvitynmm itfu laviiailistEjn mniviu

mnmsiiJuviuiEJ^fi'iyl.uIfiioarioivia'iu^u ^ouunn^oalT.^iiJuivlEJOviuiEjdnff^'lufii'iaj nfiiiBo^vjfimti'ifl'al'liiunflntinmti'i viia unmmmapii upiiiluviuiEJdnfi'tyT.u

InioarioilisTEJfiviiBiamEJ

10.3 IflHtrruAl

uaTmiinaniivl^'iitunfi'ilrfluvianEJUoa^aj uriema^uViiJu 3 llisiHulvityna

nni^mifunmufflasmI?iEJ?iio'3na1antJtusBoniJisnBUBd"iovii mivlmifuimiaino

muasnniv1miwm,"imin?ii'3ajnumBU8iad"iovli *lu?iBUiiinuriims'Rmitu'ianwius
eorfilisneuviiBTflioanomilteriBU

miniiliEJUifiEJumlumtnpho8! luiiaolmoai-io inmsivmm mlumtn

mo^ SanwfusInioamouwnw-ionuiiJuvianEJiiuu aaogphadnopiBT.u'tf

flivYlvicj vian pianiuEJ uaji Iiolvlvliviaoui ivIbu

fawtfwwwnw : nihafrmnsfri

93

fntnaonqu

friend

friendly
unfriendliness
united

unfriendly
unite
fmniflfiifiv

disunited
lokantada
odada

lokanta
oda

"/fammi"
VIBO

"fl/frimmi'

IuvTbo"

ffliadnomlum^YiEJ^ilum^aliNEi-iofliPiEJi ntu viun uaji ivlau m ivia'ntfuondDtJiflludiuflflfiinajviajntjaoliJSnlajln namnemivia^u'iuurtiufifim-iaj

viajiEjfiianfi^?) viieiiluviuiEjmTJfifi^iiniiEjnmviUiEifi'iBais chu IioYLvJvl"iviaou-i uansiiEinaeniilu Iio-lvl-vli-viao-ui V uririiufHiEineBnanYfoviajfltfpho fiiiJuviuiEjnnaais viiaiiJumfiu'mnfllft?)^^^ TioMvnwaouS ustfeoiiajm
i?o 5 Imousinwfmajviaj-iEjV ivnnsftsuufomna'mVm m TioMYnwaoun iiJu fa 1 mfunm-inmiiiajfh 5 mi^VfmEjnu laJamiiEineenmnnulfl ivmstn iiEjnmT.^BBnT.u'n^slaJalnmajviajiEJiYini^aj tTnmEJunuwiBd-ioml.um'bnBontiti

friend nu unite Bmi^EJuT,fTnumadnomlumnlYioT.uanwws^iiEjn^ilBBnMft

urim united (unite-ed) disunited (dis-unite-ed) friendly

(friend-ly)

unfriendly (un-friend-ly)

unfriendliness (un-

friend-ly-ness) mofananimiEjndaEjaoiuua^ufialmnajvianEj vnBvmiEjmV mifiEJum1.umttnaonqttnumtinl^ mid ^m3ajmnmtinunaayuaniiwua"in^s^ajSnniu,isnau^umnviuiEim upiamuisneu

fluvinmiianmaniiajnu nni^m^YiEjflantJtusInioamomT.uanwtusiiJufl'iifiEJi6!

itfuu ^oil^MvTag'lumw-iu'isi/iYimti'in'iIfifi mwieu^fSfinBgluan^tusiJisi/iYi ifiEJinuun^mwmu dnviiumtinaonfiwnnBn^allnioainouuui^EJinum'lumw-i TnEjnW itfu dog window viiainfimnmiiiajmiiuu TiolvMivjaouS nW
itfu light-house slide-rule iifflmmuiu^aJuBEjT.umw"iBonfiwfia1viuiEJ
mlaJaaisilisnauag'^iEJ itfu friendly uisneufliEJvmEifhaais friend uasviuiDmlaJaais -ly vtiauioflnu'isnBU^iEJViuiDmT.aJaaisTT'oviaj?! niu de- uas -ceive 1u deceive an^tusTnioainonni^uulaJu'inngT.un-imwn
"lyiEJuan^nnlumEiaj uasmT.YiEJ^inmnnnniiaEJUuuunnSaAajnm^ona'mua'i
mvlmifuimm^niwBinTf nSsivluarntttusmiu'anflenlu'Bn fa odada ilisnau^umn oda "vTeo" uas da "lu" odada uufieiilu l fa nms

v^fiadnoifiEJinuulumwmonf]aviiBlumwnlYiEjniis^aoiiJuia ab in the room

viia IuvTbo

94

Tfl?jfmai?i imntfffln

fliednommn/n*nhiEJ ffamja uasinoirta mT,vTivluVmmT.umti-imosi

emalTflioanouwnmomiMfl lumsfimw^^

mlviaj anmwnviuoan^amonn'lviajmEJiBniiiiajviuiEjm uas

miiiajviuiEjmitfnmEjn^ifiifiEJUim^

enmtnvitfoBmT.tf

10.4 fmtrfNfh
miini^EJumuiuviuiDiSEJolumwnvifBmuiuviuiEjmlajBaisT.umwn viib

muiuuuu^u'u'islEJnviiBialumwnnumuiun'i'lumtinua'i mfogluibsi/iYifflaJfi Sfi^nflffi naanajninifi^mT.viaJ^ulmiaD6! TuucusfiriuiuiftEJonfi ^nuiuvtuiEinnlaJ

aais muiuuuu'jiliJislEJfinfi tfnalmuiuflofftuihoiianviu'o iifu muiuvmiEJ ia*EJ0VJMyimslumtt^YiEjfiieg 21 vtum^EJoluito^uu1 urimlumttnuWlaJnofi

fiminmiulviajagiaaje ifou'iwnsT.ufiwu'is^iufl^oinfl^ul.viaJ^fTBonnin-iiiiDnfB nniamomT,vi3jful,flumti-i^oiiluSomi!lu ^mivian ^ fJMunniainomVuri

n. miilisaajm (word compounding) ilmiuT.minmiuiiBimfiflBEJ

uaiannajnu m^vTm^n^viajfialnmajviajnoiifflnmoBBnT.il^nnm'naj'i najnuuu itfu uniiflo mmn giSu vmoEfovtam eye-glasses standpoint housewife

light-house iBnniilisaajmiSuiBnniainomlviajffl^nuajnnT.um^nmo'q
u. nniuisaajvmiEjm (derivation) ImirimiamomlfiEJBiffEjmiifiaj vmiEimiwajviun viuiEimifiajviao vtiaviuiEimmajnaio vtieiiajvmiEJmlaJaaisitf-i
mtjnu nhi

re- + write

>

rewrite

beauty + -ful
dream + -er

> beautiful + -ly

> dreamer

> beautifully

count + -able

> countable

de + ceive
re + volve

>
>

deceive
revolve

1 uritnfl'nttiluihonRnph'anu ^-)\n\wvnJicto<afifl ^ninuviintjfhofl-ssfifl vivnu-jiJiiuu

itosTuflvifcnRfifl onsSnTsiijRomiiJcwlfl

Ifl^flfmwmtn : whufritiagfr)

95

f\. fm'fofh (reduplication) Mtrinni^nnvifQ^tjn^fliiQ^fi'i'nnMnw

fln1vi3J^CIf)Qn3JVi3J"i!JUfin?in<jQQnliJinnifi3J i4*u
fiddle-faddle mish-mash

lijotiio

L#TnL#in

^. nTnilatmvtanflfh (conversion) Imiri nn?fiflnTuvijnflfhYm-3 LilEJuli)i{JwnnT,\ivi3JiflnQwIfiDT,wflnn?iiJstimiiJfiqiJfln l^w

lbssrm(fnm)

i*w

iinibserm

fun (fhuiN)

viu

It is a great fun.

fun (fjtuffvnn)

itfu

a fun game

10.5 tuntrfh

flnYinnn^/inan^^m)<iQg1.nviWQf)fl^vi3J'3?)fl'iviw<) nnifmnoqlwiNQflfh'lfl

fitooLiJ'Wfjtufiuij'wYnoT.QEnn'swTJQOfi'i f)tu^iJWYin^iEjnn?tuiiQ<}fi"ii,ilmfi'5Q^fiiQn'3'i
nn^^viilil'5'iri{)'l,uIfi?^effno1^ViI"i<i UR^nn?iJ?nnsiiQ^nnifT4^^QyT.,wpinuviu<i1,Pi"l\i
Tfi^arutfu ufoi white oql/uvmiflflifituffym vjfoani.fEinini.iJ'WFlnfjtupfvnn rmfi

win vile inpivisonfon be li4nn^^^ru^Yi^iJisnQiJ(nnwn3JifM^u^so<iin?iT,,w

wnuwlaviihfl"!* 1u/n*noonqtt cat iiJ,ufn'i1,wviJj'3fifni,wn3J^^m]<JiJ'5inflVis^

flnfjtuffwranfifln^tuffwtf riw a white cat vife on^nmfitJinlmnT,iJifl"i

qwffyjmnlbsnoij

fhnftn viu'3P)fin?,iQvlil^'ij'nCn,u/iitn?in<isi no fiiiiwAvhnltii fhqtuflvitf nftn lifratu fhnvum fhtfumu uwsviiiQ^nno\iJtf^nTNiAuijn^/inwnu?ftijriijTu/i'iis"i

fiw] liu fnffnwnmiu (classifier) fhuonrinfmiN (article) ffajwtfifl (final particles) TuiJitpnvwQPifi'uviehfi wnwrnna nnnftn flnfjniffym

96

fawnnfrm imnffmn

tufa Yiinnfhwhi fhefatrm fhijviim fhuorriififmiu ^siiluviij'jflfhClfl fieflrm:: T.ajSSfhmfrfuLvijfluyi ai fifh$u

'jiJi^!)iJ^nf)iinufl'i,wnjj^Ciivif(?inon,u iiu tnfhu-imilmyifHnEj le gargon

"iftmnti" flifjwffvni petit "tan" ffljjuJatm^iJ no le petit gargon th
fl-ru-ujiilmvifivif^ la fille "i?lnvi$o" fhfjMvm petit ^snJSejmflu

petite no la petite fille ^if'utf'imi^Mn-i^Clm'siilRti^iiiJRqiAu ^naaistf i7*inom^fimfn6iiiJ,wfl*if)Wfrvi,ri 1,u/ntnQ^nfitnn-ifitiJREJ,u-2iJTwt)m7t?i3J

-s wo es i^QiionnQnvi3jn^\3^^iint)n^^V'i-ii{Jwfi'i,un3j

uas fin idaiillEJii^EJinfo 2 itoti/mtf iHfluviThufififtQniiYiJndlwntn 4w%y$?\