Math 206 Final

Patrick Tam June 8, 2013

I swear by my honor that I completed this from 8 am to 10 am today. 1) Choose an increasing sequence of simple functions fn converging pointwise to f . Then

{(x, y )|x Rn , y R: 0 y f (x)} =

{(x, y )|x Rn , y R: 0 y fn (x)}.

n=1

Since fn are simple, the regions under their graphs are Ln+1 measurable. Since Ln+1 is a sigma algebra, it is closed under countable unions. 2) I claim that k(Ek ) 0 since k(Ek ) = E k kdx E k f (x)dx 0. Since Ek+1 Ek , (Ek ) (Ek+1 ) = (Ek \ Ek+1 ) for all k N.

(Ek ) =
k=1 k=1

k(Ek ) k(Ek+1 ) =
k=1

k(Ek \ Ek+1 )

kdx
Ek \Ek+1

f (x)dx =
Ek \Ek+1 k=1

=
k=1

f (x)dx < .
E1 k=1

3) Let > 0. Then there exists > 0 such that . Since

L1 (E ) = inf {
k=1

k=1

(bk ak ) < implies that

(f (bk ) f (ak )) <

(bk ak ) :

(ak , bk ) E } = 0,
k=1

we can cover E with open intervals (ak , bk ) such that

(bk ak ) < .
k=1

So

(f (bk ) f (ak )) <

k=1

and

k=1

f ((ak , bk )) f (E ). Since

L1 (f (E )) = inf {
k=1

(f (bk ) f (ak )) :
k=1

f ((ak , bk )) f (E )},

we have 0 L1 (f (E )) < for all > 0. We conclude that L1 (f (E )) = 0. 4) Let N be an increasing sequence of simple functions converging to g pointwise. Write
N

N =
i=1

ai (N ) Ai,N .

Then

N (x) Jf (x)dx
Rn

g (x) Jf (x)dx
Rn

by dominated convergence theorem. We now calculate,

N (x) Jf (x)dx =
Rn N Rn i=1

ai (N ) Jf (x)dx
Ai,N

ai (N ) Ai,N (x) Jf (x)dx =

i=1

a i (N ) H (Ai,N f
Rm 0 1

{y })dH (y ) =
n

=
i=1

ai (N ) H0 (Ai,N f 1 {y }) dHn (y ).
Rm i=1

Recall that the zero dimensional Hausdor measure is the cardinality of the set. Also remember that bi (N ) := |Ai,N f 1 {y }| is the number of x such that x f 1 (y ) and ai (N ) appears in the summation of N N (x). Thus, i=1 (ai (N ) bi (N )) is equivalent to xf 1 (y) N (x) by rearranging terms.

ai (N ) H0 (Ai,N f 1 {y }) dHn (y ) =

ai (N ) |Ai,N f 1 {y }| dHn (y )
Rm i=1

Rm i=1

(ai (N ) bi (N )) dHn (y ) =
Rm

xf 1 (y )

N (x) dHn (y )

Rm

xf 1 {y }

g (x) dHn (y ).
Rn

Rm i=1

The previous convergence follows from dominated convergence theorem. So we have converging to both

Rm xf 1 {y }

N (x) Jf (x)dx

g (x) dHn (y ) and

Rn

g (x) Jf (x)dx. We conclude that g (x) dHn (y ).

g (x) Jf (x)dx =
Rn

x f 1 {y }

Rm

5) Since A

Bj implies that P (A) P (

Bj ) =
s

P (Bj ) and diamP (Bj ) diamBj , we have:

s Hs (P (A)) = lim H (P (A)) = lim inf { 0 0 1

(diamCj ) : Cj Rm , P (A)
1

Cj , and diamCj }

lim inf {
0 1

(diamP (Bj )) : Bj R , P (A)

1 s n

P (Bj ), and diamBj }

lim inf {
0 1

(diamBj ) : Bj R , A
1

s Bj and diamBj } = lim H (A) = Hs (A) . 0