1 in3

1 US gal

()

Imperial

1 lb

SI Unit -
Imperial Unit British System ft (feet), lb (pound), sec (second)

Imperial Unit

25.4 mm

1 in2
2

1 ft

30.48 cm

1 ft

1 mile

1.61 km

1 acre
1 sq mile

6.45 cm2

1 Long Ton

= 1.016 Metric Ton

1 Metric Ton

= 0.984 Long Ton

1 Short Ton

= 0.907 Metric Ton

1 Metric Ton

= 1.102 Short Ton

929 cm

0.405 ha

6.895 kPa

1 kg/cm2

= 14.22 psi

14.5 psi

1 bar = 100 kPa

1 kPa

= 0.1451 psi

14.7 psi

101.3 kPa = 1 atm

1 m H2 O

= 1.422 psi

(Relative
(Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of

2.59 km2

Various Substances)
Substances)

1 m3 () 1
Metric Ton () Specific Gravity (Sp. Gr.) 1

(Volume
(Volume)
Volume)

Unit

Imperial Unit

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa or 14.7 psi.

square, ha = hectare

SI Unit

SI Unit

1 psi

in = inch, ft = feet, mm = millimeter, cm = centimeter, km = kilometer, sq =

Imperial

SI Unit

psi = pound per square inch, kPa = kilo Pascal, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

Imperial Unit

Unit

SI Unit
=

SI Unit

= 2.2046 lb

Imperial

(Area)

SI Unit

SI Unit

(Pressure)

unit conversion

= 1000 Lit

1m

1 Long Ton = 2240 lbs, 1 Short Ton = 2000 lb, 1 Metric Ton = 1000 kg

unit conversion

1 in

= 1000 cc

lb = Pound, kg = kilogram,

Imperial Unit

1 Lit

1 kg

(L
(Length)

= 61.024 in

= 0.454 kg

SI Unit Metric System m (meter), kg (kilogram), sec (second)

1 Lit

= 35.3 ft3

Unit

Bar, Pound per square feet

3.78 lit

1 m3

(Weight)

Unit (
()
) Unit Conversion (
(
)

Imperial Unit

16.4 cm3

in3 = Cubic Inches, cm3 = Cubic centimeter, gal = gallon, Lit = Litre,

Sp. Gr.
SI

Imperial

Unit

Unit

SI Unit

Sp. Gr.

 -
.

(Rectangle)

A=WxL

A = (Area)
W = (Width)
L = (Length)

L
A = x R2
C = 3.142 x D
R = D/2
A = (Area), C = (Circumference)
= 3.142

R = (radius), D = (Diamater)

(Circle)
A = x A x B
C = 6.283 x (A2+B2 )/2
A = (Area)

(Ellipse)

1250 mm 1750 mm 10 mm

1 m 1000 mm mm m

1250 mm
1000

1750 mm
1000

10 mm

= 1.25 x 1.75 x 0.01 = 0.021875 m3

1000

7.21 x 0.021875 = 0.1577 Ton

0.1577 x
1000 = 157.7 kg

A = (minor radius)
B = (major radius)

A = H x (L1 + L2)/2

A=HxL

(Parallelogram)

A = (Area)

H = (Height)

(Trapezoid)

L = (Length)

A = (Area)
L1 =
L2 =
H = (Height )

A = (3.142 x R2 x ) / 360

A = (Area)
L = 0.01745 x R x
= L / (0.01745 x R)

A = 12.56 x R2

A = (Area)
V = 4.188 x R3
V = (Volume)

(Triangle)

Area of

A = (W x H) / 2
A = (Area)
W = (Width)

Area of

H = (Height )

A = 3.142 x R x S + 3.142 x R x R
2

V = 1.047 x R x H

A = 2 (W x L + L x H + H x W)

A = (Area)

V = (Volume)

R = (Radius)

(Cone)

(Rectangular

S =

Solid)

H = (Height )

V=WxLxH
A = (Area)
V = (Volume)
L = (Length)
W = (Width)
H = (Height )

 (Pythagoras Theorem)
= 6.283x (A2+B2)/2 x H + 6.283 x A x B

V = 3.142 x A x B x H
V = (Volume)

A = (minor radius)

B = (major radius)

H = (Height )

Trigonometry

(Elliptical Tanks)
A = 6.283x R x H + 6.283 x R x R

V = 3.142 x R x R x H

(Cylinder)

A =
V = (Volume)
R = (radius)
H = (Height )
Sin 90 = 1, Sin 60 = 0.866, Sin 45 = 0.707, Sin 30 = 0.5, Sin 15 = 0.2588,
Sin 5 = 0.08716

(Triangle)

(Lifting Mathematics)

P=a+b+c,

A = (Area)

W = (Width),

H = (Height )

P = (Perimeter)

(Load depends on Sling

Lifting Angles)


500

Sin 45

500
Sin 30

( )

= ( Load = 1000 lb)
=

=
=

500
Sin 15

500
Sin 60

500

Sin 60

Centre of Gravity (CG)

10

- CG (Centre of Gravity)

(CG)

CG

(CG)

Run = 1250 mm Angle A 30 Set = 1250 x tan 30 = 721.687 mm

Travel = 1250 / Cos 30 = 1443.375

11

12

Equal Spread Offset Constants for Finding, Starting and Ending Length Differences

Formula

Long Radius Weld Elbows

Offset Angles

Difference in

90

72

60

45

30

22 1/2

11 1/4

Length = Spread

0.727

0.577

0.414

0.268

0.199

0.098

x
45 Offset
90
Different in Length = Spread x 0.414
Travel 1 = 1.414 x Offset
Travel 2 = Previous shortest travel + (2 x difference in length)
-

H = Distance from Face to Elbow Centre in mm. D is Nominal Diameter (DN) of

Elbow.
For 90 Deg Elbow, H = 38.1 x D
For 45 Deg Elbow, H = 15.78 x D
For Z Deg Elbow, H = 38.1 x D x tan Z/2

13

14

(where H = mm, and D = Inches)

D (DN) (in)

= Angle of Cut

OD = Outside Diameter of the pipe

H (mm) Z Elbow

R = Radius = OD / 2

RA = R x Cos 45 = R x 0.707
C1 = OD x tan

C2 = (R + RA) x tan

(14) Elbow -

C3 = C1 / 2
C4 = (R - RA) x tan

For 14 90 Elbow; H = 38.1 x 14 = 533.4 mm

45

For 14 45 Elbow; H = 15.78 x 14 = 220.9 mm

For 14 63 Elbow; H = 38.1 x 14 x tan (63/2) = 326.9 mm

(DN) H

OD
45
projection line

Elbow

Constant ()

Elbow

Constant ()

7.5

2.5

45

15.78

15

5.02

60

22

22.5

7.58

67.5

25.46

30

10.21

90

38.1

)
)

) 45

)

A = 1.5 x Dia of Elbow (DN)

B = A (OD/2)
C = A + (OD/2)

Dummy Support

D = Degree of Fitting required

K = Constant () = 0.01746
L1 = D x C x K

Dummy Support
Dummy Support

L2 = D x A x K
L3 = D x B x K

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 1

L4 = A x 2 x Sin (D/2)

Dummy Support (Centre Line)

(Support Pipe)
(vertical pipe line)

15

16

R2 = Inside Radius of Support Pipe = Inside Diameter of Support Pipe / 2

R2A = R x Cos 45 = R x 0.707
L1 = H5 H1
L2 = H5 H2
L3 = H5 H3
L4 = H5 H4

OD = Outside Diameter

ID = Inside Diameter
R1 = OD of Header / 2
R2 = ID of Branch / 2

1 = 5 = 2D
2 = 4 = 2D C3
3 = 2D C1
6 = 1.5D

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 2

L1 = H5 H1
L2 = H5 H2

Dummy Support (Bottom

L3 = H5 H3
L4 = H5 H4

H1 ,H2 , H3, H4,H5

Surface) (Support Pipe)

( )
(vertical pipe line) support pipe
support

D = Outside Diameter of Elbow

R1 = Outside Radius of Elbow

17

18

 Rule of Thumb

1 = 5 = 2D
2 = 4 = 2D C2

3 = 2D C1

Outside Diameter of pipe = D () , Thickness = t ()

2

W = 10.68 x (Dt t )
W ()
OD = 4.5 , t = 0.25 2

W = 10.68 x (4.5 x 0.25 0.25 )

= 11.35 lb/ft
.

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 3

Dummy Support (Bottom
Surface) (Support Pipe)
()
(vertical pipe line) support pipe
support

W = D x t x 16
W
D = (Diameter of the pipe) -
t =
(Thickness ) -
W = 20 x x 16 = 80 tons

Pipe Span (Pipe Support
)
Sch 40
S = 7

S = 6.6 D
S = Pipe Support ()
D = Outside Diameter of pipe (in) - ()

19

20

Hydrostatic Test

V = 0.0408 x d x L

(Elbow, Tee, Reducer,

- V = ()

Flange) Valve, Bolt, Nut, Washer, Gasket, Pipe Supports

d = Inside Diameter of pipe (in) ()

L = Hydrotest ()

- hydro test
ID .
-

Adhesive Joint -

V = 0.0408 x 6.065 x 650

= 975.5

Ambient Temperature -
Alloy Steel -
-

()

- .
- .
- .

Anchor -

Assembly -

(Definition of Piping)

Automatic Welding -
(Piping)

Backing Ring - penetration

(Fittings)

Base Metal - () parent

metal

Bevel -

Bonding -

Butt Joint -

()

Branch

Bypass - -

valve, flow meter

Carbon Steel - Carbon Steel

aluminium, boron, chromium, cobalt

21

22

 copper 0.40

Groove Groove Welding

manganese 1.65 silicon 0.60

Groove Angle - Groove

copper 0.60
Cast Iron -
Chamfering -
Cold Bending -

Gravity Test

(Radius of Bend = 5 x Diameter of pipe)

Hangers and Supports Pipe Support

Commissioning

Header - Main run of piping -

Crack -

Hydro-Test

Defect -

ID Inside Diameter ( )

Iso Drawing (Isometric Drawing) XYZ Coordinate

( )

Design Pressure

MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection)

(Design Pressure Operating Pressure . )

Design Temperature

NDT (Non Destructive Testing)

NPS Nominal Pipe Size () -

Electrode -

ND - Nominal Diameter DN - Diameter Nominal

Expansion Joint -

NB - Nominal Bore DN

metric DN100

Fabrication -

DN200

Fillet Weld -

OD Outside Diameter ( )
Operating Pressure
Operating Temperature

Penetrant Test

Flow Rate

Pneumatic Test

Flushing

P n ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram)

Flux - /

GA (General Arrangement) Drawing

RT (Radiographic Testing) (X-Ray)

( )

Galvanizing -

Reverse Polarity DC Arc Welding

(-) (+)

GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) MIG CO2 Welding

Schedule Number -

GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) - TIG

23

24

 ( )

Abbreviations (
()
)

Schedule Number = 1000 P / S

P Service Pressure ( psi) S Allowable Stress (psi)
Seamless Pipe -
SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding - Arc Welding
Slag Inclusion (Welding
)
Soldering -
Spatter -
Straight Polarity DC Arc Welding
(+) (-)
Size of Weld -

AISI

- American Iron and Steel Institute

AEC

- American Engineering Council

ANSI

- American National Standards Institute

API

- American Petroleum Institute

ASME

- American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM

- American Society for Testing and Materials

AWG

- American Wire Gauge

AWS

- American Welding Society

AWWA

- American Water Works Association

BHN

- Brinell Hardness Number

DIN

- Deutsches Institu fur Normung; German Standards Institute

gpm

- Gallons per inute

HVAC

- Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

NPT

- National Pipe Taper

ppb

- Parts per billion

ppm

- Parts per million

SAE

- Society of Automotive Engineers

(Pipes & Tubes)

(Ferrus metal Pipe)
(Non-ferrus metal Pipe)

Thermoplastic -

(Plastic Pipe)

(Stainless Steel) (Carbon Steel)

Thermosetting Plastic -

(Alloy Steel) Monel, Nickel,

Inconel, Hastalloy, Copper, Brass, Bronze, Titanium, Tantalum, Bismuth, Aluminium,

High Speed Steel, Zinc, Lead

PVC,

Thickness Schedule -

CPVC, PP, PE, PPR, PVDF, GRP, GRE, ABS

UT (Ultrasonic Test)(Ultrasonic Examination or Inspection)

Visual Inspection
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) -

25

26

Pipe Standards and Specifications

Chemical Composition

Specification

Size Range
(NPS)

Application

ASTM A53

1/8 to 26

Ordinary use in gas, air, oil, water, steam

ASTM A106

1/8 to 48

High temperature service (steam, water, gas, etc.)

ASTM A369

Custom

High temperature service

ASTM A335

Custom

ASTM A333

1/8 and larger

High temperature service

Service requiring excellent fracture toughness at low
temperatures

ASTM A671

16 and larger

Low Temperature services

ASTM A672

16 and larger

Moderate Temperature services

ASTM A691

16 and larger

High Temperature services

ASTM A312

1/8 and larger

Low to High Temperature and corrosive services

API 5L

Chemical composition and Tensile Strength of Grade A and Grade B Steel Pipe

Designation
ASTM A53
API 5L
C= Carbon

6 and larger

Steel tubes for mechanical purposes

BS 3602

Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes, Carbon

steel: High temperature duties

DIN 2440
JIS G3445

Steel tubes medium-weight Suitable for threading

Carbon steel tubes for Machine and Structural
Purpose

JIS G3458

Alloy steel pipes

Mn

0.25

0.95

0.05

0.06

30,000 (205)

48,000 (330)

0.30

1.2

0.05

0.06

35,000 (240)

60,000 (415)

0.22

0.9

0.04

0.05

30,000 (205)

48,000 (330)

0.27

1.15

0.04

0.05

35,000 (240)

60,000 (415)

Mn = Manganese

P = Phosphorous

S = Sulphur

Standard (Std.)

Steel Water pipe

AS 1450

min. tensile
strength
psi (Mpa)

(Weight and Schedule Number)

Low pipe, refinery anf transmission service

AWWA C200

Grade

Tensile Properties
min. yield
strength
psi (Mpa)

Extra Strong (XS) or Extra Heavy (XH)

Double Extra Strong (XXS) or Double Extra Heavy (XXH) -

(Outside Diameter OD)

(Inside Diameter ID)
Schedule No.
(Die) (Fittings)
NPS

(Pipe Properties and Characteristics)

NPS OD ID ID

NPS = OD

1. Schedule Number = 1000 x

P
S

Grade A Tensile Strength (Cold

PxD
+C
2xS
(T - C)
3. Presure = 2 x S
D

Bending) Grade A

P = Internal Pressure (psi)

ASTM A53 API 5L

Grade Grade A B
Grade C A B Grade B

2. Wall Thickness =

Grade A
Grade B

S = maximum allowable stress value (psi)

D = outside diameter (in)

27

28

C = allowance for threading and grooving

Pipe Schedule tables for selected pipe sizes

T = wall thickness (in)

C
General Allowance for Threading and Grooving
Allowance

(15mm) to (20mm)

0.0571 (1.45mm)

1(25mm) to 2(50mm)

0.0696 (1.77mm)

2 (65mm) and larger

0.1000 (2.54mm)

S Value
Maximum allowable stress S value for Carbon Steel Seamless pipes
Maximum stress in 1000 psi (MPa) for various
Temperature

ASTM A53
ASTM A106
API 5L

Not included in ANSI B 36.10

NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS

Sch
10S
(2)

Sch

Sch

Sch

Std

Sch

Dia

Sch
5S
(1)

Size

10

20

30

WT

40

1/8

0.405

---

0.049

---

---

---

0.068

0.068

1/4

0.540

---

0.065

---

---

---

0.088

0.088

3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2

0.675
0.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375

--0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065

0.065
0.083
0.083
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109

---------------

---------------

---------------

0.091
0.109
0.113
0.133
0.140
0.145
0.154

0.091
0.109
0.113
0.133
0.140
0.145
0.154

-20 to 650 F

700 F

750 F

800 F

(-29 to 343 C
)

(371 C
)

(399 C
)

(427 C
)

12.0(82)

11.7(80)

10.7(73)

9.0(62)

15.0(103)

14.4(99)

13.0(89)

10.8(74)

2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4

2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500

0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083

0.120
0.120
0.120
0.120

---------

---------

---------

0.203
0.216
0.226
0.237

0.203
0.216
0.226
0.237

12.0(82)

11.7(80)

10.7(73)

9.0(62)

15.0(103)

14.4(99)

13.0(89)

10.8(74)

12.0(82)

11.7(80)

10.7(73)

9.0(62)

5.563

0.109

0.134

---

---

---

0.258

0.258

15.0(103)

14.4(99)

13.0(89)

10.8(74)

6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30

6.625
8.625
10.75
12.75
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00

0.109
0.109
0.134
0.156
0.156
0.165
0.165
0.188
0.188
0.218
----0.250

0.134
0.148
0.165
0.180
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.218
0.218
0.250
----0.312

--------0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.312
0.312
0.312

--0.250
0.250
0.250
0.312
0.312
0.312
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.500
0.500
0.500

--0.277
0.307
0.330
0.375
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.500
0.562
0.625
0.625
0.625

0.280
0.322
0.365
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375

0.280
0.322
0.365
0.406
0.438
0.500
0.562
0.594
--0.688
-------

(temperature), (specific application)

(. )
Threaded and Coupled ( - )

Threaded without Couplings ( - )

Plain End cut square ()

Beveled for welding 30 degree bevel with a 1/16 (1.6mm) land

( )

The Nominal Wall Thickness shown are subject to a 12.5% Mill Tolerance

Outside

(corrosion)

Pipe

Stress Value S

Grade

All Dimensions are in inches

Nominal

Pipe Size (NPS)

Specification

Groove End ( )

29

30

0.3753

NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS

Pipe

Sch

Extra

Sch

Sch

Sch

Sch

Sch

XX

Size

60

Strong

80

100

120

140

160

Strong

1/8

---

0.095

0.095

---

---

---

---

---

1/4

---

0.119

0.119

---

---

---

---

---

3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2

---------------

0.126
0.147
0.154
0.179
0.191
0.200
0.218

0.126
0.147
0.154
0.179
0.191
0.200
0.218

---------------

---------------

---------------

--0.188
0.219
0.250
0.250
0.281
0.344

--0.294
0.308
0.358
0.382
0.400
0.436

2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4

---------

0.276
0.300
0.318
0.337

0.276
0.300
0.318
0.337

---------

------0.438

---------

0.375
0.438
--0.531

0.552
0.600
--0.674

(Pipe Identification and Marking)
grade
ASTM
API
ASTM standard

/ (Manufactureers Name - trade

mark or brand)

(Pipe manufacturing method):

o

F = Furnae butt welded, continuous welded

E = Electric resistance welded

S = Seamless

/ (Sch Std. , XS, or XXS.)

---

0.375

0.375

---

0.500

---

0.625

0.750

6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36

--0.406
0.500
0.562
0.594
0.656
0.750
0.812
0.875
0.969
-------------

0.432
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500

--0.593
0.719
0.844
0.938
1.031
1.156
1.281
1.375
1.531
-------------

0.562
0.719
0.844
1.000
1.094
1.219
1.375
1.500
1.625
1.812
-------------

--0.812
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.438
1.562
1.750
1.875
2.062
-------------

0.719
0.906
1.125
1.312
1.406
1.594
1.781
1.969
2.215
2.344
-------------

0.864
0.875
1.000
1.000
-------------------------

Specification Number (ASTM spec. no.)

(Length)

0.500
0.500
0.500

0.432
0.500
0.594
0.688
0.750
0.844
0.938
1.031
1.125
1.218
-------------

42

---

0.500

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.5003

Grade Schedule No.

ASTM Specification No

A&B Co.

Method of Manufacture

ASTM A 53

Seamless

XS

Trade Mark or
Company Name

Wall Thickness

API standard

/ (Manufactureers Name - trade

mark or brand)
API Specification Number

(Nominal Diameter or Outside Diameter)

(Weight per foot)

Weight

Outside Diameter

21

10.75 x 0.5

Length

31

32

Grade

(Pipe manufacturing method):

o

F = Butt welded

E = Welded, except Butt Welded

S = Seamless

SW = Spiral Welded

(Length) (Thickness)

Type of steel :

A,B

Electric resistance welded

Type F

A,B

Seamless

HA Subcritical age hardened

HQ Quench and tempered

Test Pressure if the pressure is higher than in tables.

API Specification No Outside Diameter

14

Grade of Pipe

Pipe Weight (per ft)

54.68

Seamless

Austenitic (AISI types 200 and 300 series)

Ferritic (AISI type 400 series)

B S E

Martensitic (AISI types 400 and 500 series)

0.25 x 40
Wall Thickness

Austenitic
Length

Company Name or API monogram

Electric

Series 300 400 Series 400

Furnace

Series 300
304 316

Carbon Steel Pipe

Carbon Steel

HS Subcritical stress relieved

Trade Mark or

Flange joint

HN Normalized or normalized/tempered

Spec 5L

Remarks

Furnace Btt Welded

(Nickel)

Heat Treatment

A&B Co.

Manufacturing System

(Chromium)

R Rephosphorized steel

Grade
A

(Stainless
(Stainless Steel Pipe)
Pipe)

E Electric furnace steel

Type
F

(mechanical properties)
ASTM A53

33

-

304 304L Austenitic


316 316L 304
304

316
304L 316L 304 316

34

10S

.109

1.097

Ferritic

40S

.133

1.049

80S

.179

.957

Martensitic Ferritic

5S

.065

1.530

10S

.109

1.442

40S

.140

1.380

80S

.191

1.278

Martensitic Austenitic

Austenitic
Carbon steel 1/8 30

1 1/4

Schedule 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S

1.660

S stainless steel

Schedule 5S 10S

1 1/2

1.900

Pipe Schedule Table for Stainless Steel Pipes

Outside

Wall

Inside

Pipe Size

Diameter

Schedule

Thickness

Diameter

(inches)

(inches)

No.

(inches)

(inches)

10S

.049

.307

40S

.068

.269

80S

.095

.215

10S

.065

.410

40S

.088

.364

80S

.119

.302

10S

.065

.545

40S

.091

.493

80S

.126

.423

5S

.065

.710

10S

.083

.674

40S

.109

.622

80S

.147

.546

5S

.065

.920

10S

.083

.884

40S

.113

.824

80S

.154

.742

5S

.065

1.185

1/8

1/4

3/8

1/2

0.405

0.540

0.675

0.840
1.050

3/4
1

1.315

2 1/2

3 1/2

35

36

2.375

2.875

3.500

4.000

5S

.065

1.770

10S

.109

1.682

40S

.145

1.610

80S

.200

1.500

5S

.065

2.245

10S

.109

2.157

40S

.154

2.067

80S

.218

1.939

5S

.083

2.709

10S

.120

2.635

40S

.203

2.469

80S

.276

2.323

5S

.083

3.334

10S

.120

3.260

40S

.216

3.068

80S

.300

2.900

5S

.083

3.834

10S

.120

3.760

40S

.226

3.548

80S

.318

3.364

5S

.083

4.334

10S

.120

4.260

40S

.237

4.026

4.500

80S

.337

3.826

5.563

5S

.109

5.345

10S

.134

5.295

40S

.258

5.047

10

12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30

6.625

8.625

10.750

12.75
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
30.00

80S

.375

4.813

5S

.109

6.407

10S

.134

6.357

40S

.280

6.065

80S

.432

5.761

5S

.109

8.407

10S

.148

8.329

40S

.322

7.981

80S

.500

7.625

5S

.134

10.482

10S

.165

10.420

Pipe Size

1/8 12 (light, regular, extra strong)

() (Coppernickel), Aluminium-bronze
Pipe Schedule table for Copper Pipes
Nominal

I.D.

O.D.

Wall Thickness

DWV

DWV

0.315

0.035

0.03

40S

.365

10.020

1/4"

3/8"

0.305

80S

.500

9.750

3/8"

1/2"

0.402

0.43

0.45

0.049

0.035

0.025

5S

.156

12.438

1/2"

5/8"

0.527

0.545

0.569

0.049

0.04

0.028

10S

.180

12.390

5/8"

3/4"

0.652

0.666

0.049

0.042

3/4"

7/8"

0.745

0.785

0.811

0.065

0.045

0.032

0.995

1.025

1.055

0.065

0.05

0.035

1.245

1.265

1.291

1.295

0.065

0.055

0.042

0.04

1.481

1.505

1.527

1.541

0.072

0.06

0.049

0.042

1.959

1.985

2.009

2.041

0.083

0.07

0.058

0.042

2.435

2.465

2.495

0.095

0.08

0.065

2.907

2.945

2.981

3.03

0.109

0.09

0.072

0.045

40S

.500

11.750

80S

.688

11.374

5S

156

13.688

10S

.188

13.624

5S

.165

15.670

10S

.188

15.624

5S

.165

17.670

10S

.188

17.624

5S

.188

19.624

10S

.218

19.564

5S

.188

21.624

10S

.218

21.564

5S

.218

23.564

10S

.250

23.500

5S

.250

29.500

10S

.312

29.376

11"

1/8"
1-

1-1/4"

3/8"
1-

1-1/2"

5/8"
2-

2"

1/8"
2-

2-1/2"

5/8"
3-

3"

1/8"

(Cast Iron Pipe)

2% 4% 1% 3%

(Copper Pipe)

37

38

White Cast Iron

Ductile Iron

Gray Cast Iron

Malleable Iron

Cast Iron Pressure Pipe

Cast Iron Soil Pipe -

54"

56.66"

1.35"

53.96"

57.10"

1.55"

54.00"

60"

62.80"

1.39"

60.02"

63.40"

1.67"

60.06"

72"

75.34"

1.62"

72.10"

76.00"

1.95"

72.10"

84"

87.54"

1.72"

84.10"

88.54"

2.22"

84.10"

Nominal

Class C

Class D

Pipe Size

300 Foot Head (130 psi)

400 Foot Head (173 psi)

O.D.

Wall
Thk

I.D.

O.D.

Wall
Thk

I.D.

3"

3.96"

0.45"

3.06"

3.96"

0.48"

3.00"

4"

5.00"

0.48"

4.04"

5.00"

0.52"

3.96"

Cast Iron Pressure Pipe

6"

7.10"

0.51"

6.08"

7.10"

0.55"

6.00"

8"

9.30"

0.56"

8.18"

9.30"

0.60"

8.10"

10"

11.40"

0.62"

10.16"

11.40"

0.68"

10.04"

12"

13.50"

0.68"

12.14"

13.50"

0.75"

12.00"

14"

15.65"

0.74"

14.17"

15.65"

0.82"

14.01"

16"

17.80"

0.80"

16.20"

17.80"

0.89"

16.02"

18"

19.92"

0.87"

18.18"

19.92"

0.96"

18.00"

I.D.

20"

22.06"

0.92"

20.22"

22.06"

1.03"

20.00"

24"

26.32"

1.04"

24.22"

26.32"

1.16"

24.00"

Pipe Schedule table for Cast Iron Pipes

Nominal

Class A

Class B

Pipe Size

100 Foot Head (43 psi)

200 Foot Head (86 psi)

Wall

Wall

O.D.

Thk

I.D.

O.D.

Thk

3"

3.80"

0.39"

3.02"

3.96"

0.42"

3.12"

30"

32.40"

1.20"

30.00"

32.74"

1.37"

30.00"

4"

4.80"

0.42"

3.96"

5.00"

0.45"

4.10"

36"

39.60"

1.80"

36.00"

40.04"

2.02"

36.00"

6"

6.90"

0.44"

6.02"

7.10"

0.48"

6.14"

42"

45.10"

1.54"

42.02"

45.58"

1.78"

42.02"

8"

9.05"

0.46"

8.13"

9.05"

0.51"

8.03"

48"

51.40"

1.71"

47.98"

51.98"

1.96"

48.06"

10"

11.10"

0.50"

10.10"

11.10"

0.57"

9.96"

54"

57.80"

1.90"

54.00"

58.40"

2.23"

53.94"

12"

13.20"

0.54"

12.12"

13.20"

0.62"

11.96"

60"

64.20"

2.00"

60.20"

64.82"

2.38"

60.06"

14"

15.30"

0.57"

14.16"

15.30"

0.66"

13.98"

72"

76.88"

2.39"

72.10"

16"

17.40"

0.60"

16.20"

17.40"

0.70"

16.00"

18"

19.50"

0.64"

18.22"

19.50"

0.75"

18.00"

20"

21.60"

0.67"

20.26"

21.60"

0.80"

20.00"

24"

25.80"

0.76"

24.28"

25.80"

0.89"

24.02"

30"

31.74"

0.88"

29.98"

32.00"

1.03"

29.94"

Nominal

Class E

Class F

36"

37.96"

0.99"

35.98"

38.30"

1.15"

36.00"

Pipe Size

500 Foot Head (217 psi)

600 Foot Head (260

(260 psi)

42"

44.20"

1.10"

42.00"

44.50"

1.28"

41.94"

48"

50.50"

1.26"

47.98"

50.80"

1.42"

47.96"

O.D.

Wall
Thk

39

40

I.D.

O.D.

Wall
Thk

I.D.

6"

7.22"

0.58"

6.06"

7.22"

0.61"

6.00"

) Gray Cast Iron ASTM Soil Pipe

8"

9.42"

0.66"

8.10"

9.42"

0.71"

8.00"

Service Weight Extra Heavy

10"

11.60"

0.74"

10.12"

11.60"

0.80"

10.00"

12"

13.78"

0.82"

12.14"

13.78"

0.89"

12.00"

14"

15.98"

0.90"

14.18"

15.98"

0.99"

14.00"

Nominal

Class E

Class F

Pipe Size

500 Foot Head (217 psi)

600 Foot Head (260 psi)

O.D.

Wall
Thk

I.D.

O.D.

Wall
Thk

I.D.

16"

18.16"

0.98"

16.20"

18.16"

1.08"

16.00"

18"

20.34"

1.07"

18.20"

20.34"

1.17"

18.00"

20"

22.54"

1.15"

20.24"

22.54"

1.27"

20.00"

24"

26.90"

1.31"

24.28"

26.90"

1.45"

24.00"

30"

33.10"

1.55"

30.00"

33.46"

1.73"

30.00"

36"

38.70"

1.36"

39.98"

39.16"

1.58"

36.00"

Nominal

Class G

Class H

Pipe Size

700 Foot Head (304 psi)

800 Foot Head (347 psi)

O.D.
6"

Wall
Wall
Thk

7.38"

0.65"

Wall

I.D.

O.D.

6.08"

7.38"

0.69"

Thk

I.D.
6.00"

8"

9.60"

0.75"

8.10"

9.60"

0.80"

8.00"

10"

11.84"

0.86"

10.12"

11.84"

0.92"

10.00"

12"

14.08"

0.97"

12.14"

14.08"

1.04"

12.00"

14"

16.32"

1.07"

14.18"

16.32"

1.16"

14.00"

16"

18.54"

1.18"

16.18"

18.54"

1.27"

16.00"

18"

20.78"

1.28"

18.22"

20.78"

1.39"

18.00"

20"

23.02"

1.39"

20.24"

23.02"

1.51"

20.00"

24"

27.76"

1.75"

24.26"

27.76"

1.88"

24.00"

(Plastic Pipe)

Cast Iron Pressure Pipe

Cast Iron Soil Pipe DWV (Drainage, Waste, Vent)
Soil Pipe
Single Hub, Double Hub Hubless (

41

Thermoplastic Pipe

Thermoset Plastic Pipe

SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio)
SDR

42

 SDR =

Outside Diameter (OD)

Minimum Wall Thickness (t)

Sch 40 ABS pressure 145, 180, 230 psi

ABS ABS ABS

(Thermo Plastic Pipe)

( )
working pressure
() tensile strength

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

Polybutylene (PB)

Polyethylene (PE)

Polypropylene Random (PPR)

Polyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF)

ABS


ABS ABS

(

Nominal Size
(Inch/Imperial)
"
"
"
1"
1 "
1 "
2"
2 "
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

(Thermoset
(Thermoset Plastic Pipe)

FRP (Fibreglass Reinforced Pipe)
FRP


Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)

Glass Reinforced Polyestr (GRP)

Glass Reinforced Vinylester (GRV)

Glass Reinforced Furan

Mean
Outside Diameter(mm)
min
max
17
17.3
21.2
21.5
26.6
26.9
33.4
33.7
42.1
42.4
48.1
48.4
60.2
60.5
75
75.3
88.7
89.1
114.1
114.5
140
140.4
168
168.5
218.8
219.4

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

PVC

43

44

 PVC

20"

20

0.593

1.031

120

220

24"

24

0.687

1.218

120

210

PVC
O-ring

Polybutylene (PB)

PVC ABS
PVC schedule 40, 80, 120

PB

PVC socket flange

PB

( )

O-ring

(
)

Nominal
Pipe Size

O.D.

1/8"

0.405

Max

Wall thickness
40

80

0.068

0.095

PSI
120

Polyethylene (PE)

40

80

810

1230

120
PE Low Density, Medium Density, High Density (

1/4"

0.54

0.088

0.119

780

1130

3/8"

0.675

0.091

0.126

620

920

1/2"

0.84

0.109

0.147

0.17

600

850

1010

3/4"

1.05

0.113

0.154

0.17

480

690

770

1"

1.315

0.133

0.179

0.2

450

630

720

1-1/4"

1.66

0.14

0.191

0.215

370

520

600

1-1/2"

1.9

0.145

0.2

0.225

330

470

540

2"

2.375

0.154

0.218

0.25

280

400

470

2-1/2"

2.875

0.203

0.276

0.3

300

420

470

0.35

440

3"

3.5

0.216

0.3

3-1/2"

0.226

0.318

4"

4.5

0.237

0.337

5"

5.563

0.258

0.375

6"

6.625

0.28

0.432

8"

8.625

0.322

10"

10.75

12"

12.75

14"

14

0.437

0.75

130

220

16"

16

0.5

0.843

130

220

18"

18

0.562

0.937

130

220

UV

(Ultraviolet)

(Maximum allowable pressure)

SDR
PE
Oring
(
)

260

370

240

350

220

320

190

290

180

280

0.5

160

250

0.365

0.593

140

230

PN1.25,

0.406

0.687

130

230

PN1.6, PN2.0, PN2.5, PN3.2

0.437
0.562

PPR

430

PPR DIN 8077/8078

370

Wall thickness and Pressure

45

46

FRP Bell and Spigot, socket, butt and

wrap, flange, threaded, o-ring bell and spigot

O.D

Tolerance

5(PN1.25)

4(PN1.6)

3.2(PN2.0)

2.5(PN2.5)

2(PN3.2)

20

0.3

2.3+0.5

2.8+0.5

3.4+0.6

4.1+0.7

25

0.3

2.3+0.5

2.8+0.5

3.5+0.6

4.2+0.7

5.1+0.8

(chemicals concentration)

32

0.3

2.9+0.5

3.6+0.6

4.4+0.7

5.4+0.8

6.5+0.9

(operation temperature and pressure)

40

0.4

3.7+0.6

4.5+0.7

5.5+0.8

6.7+0.9

8.1+1.1

/ (Frequency of use)

50

0.5

4.6+0.7

5.6+0.8

6.9+0.9

8.3+1.1

10.1+1.3

(Mixing o chemicals

63

0.6

5.8+0.8

7.4+1.0

8.6+1.1

10.5+1.3

12.7+1.5

75

0.7

6.8+0.9

8.4+1.1

10.3+1.3

12.5+1.5

15.0+1.8

90

0.9

8.2+1.1

10.1+1.3

12.3+1.5

15.0+1.7

18.1+2.1

110

0.9

10.0+1.2

12.3+1.5

15.1+1.8

18.3+2.1

22.1+2.5

FRP

which may react in the line)

- FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Pipe)

-40 300 (-40 149 )
FRP FRP
(DN15 DN3600 )
FRP
resin Resin

(Physical properties)
resin epoxy resin, polyester resin,
vinylester resin, isophthalic polyester resin furan resin
furan resin

polyester vinylester resin
epoxy resin
polyester vinylester resin

furan resin phenolic resin epoxy resin
Marine & Offshore ( )


FRP filament winding centrifugal casting
FRP Fitting
(press mold)

47

48

(Other factors)

FRP

49

50

 FRP

FRP

(Adhesive)
FRP

(expired adhesives, resin and catalyst)
FRP

FRP

FRP

FRP

51

52

()

(pipe size)
(Tee, Elbow, Flange, etc.,)
(joining method- welded, threaded, soldered, etc.,)
(steel, PVC, FRP, copper, etc.,)
(Pressure and Temperature rating or Class designation)
- 2 Class 3000 carbon steel (ASTM105) threaded straight tee
8 Flange SO RF 150# HDG FS ASTM A 105 ANSI B16.5
8x6 Conc. Red. BWE HDG SCH STD CS ASTM A234 GR WPB ANSI B16.9
8 Pipe SMLS ANSI B36.10 BWE SCH STD HDG CS ASTM A106 GR. B

- Elbow

- Flange

- Tee

- Cross

- Wye

- Reducer

- Coupling

- Nipple

- Union

- Plug

- End Cap

- Ferrule

- Adapter
(Elbow)

Elbow elbow

53

- 45 deg Elbow

- 90 deg Elbow

- Reducing Elbow

- 180 deg Elbow

54

 15 , 30 , 22.5 , 60 elbow
45 Elbows ( )
45 elbow LR(Long Radius)

SR(Short Radius) elbow

- 90 long radius Elbow - H = 1.5 x 6 =

Water supply facilities

90 short radius Elbow - H = 1 x 6 =

Food Industrial Pipeline networks

45 long radius Elbow - H = 5/8 x 6 = .

Chemical industrial pipeline networks

Electronic industrial pipeline networks

Elbow Table

Air conditioning facility pipeline

Agriculture and garden production transporting system

45 Elbow

Flanges (
()
)

90 Elbows ( )

90 elbow LR(Long Radius) SR(Short Radius)

90 Elbow
90 Ell quarter bend

90 Short Elbow

45 Elbow 90 Elbow end to centre

dimension (H)
1
x NPS
2
90 deg short radius elbow = 1 x NPS
5
45 deg long radius elbow = x NPS
8

(bolt and nuts)

elbow

(Gasket)

90 deg long radius elbow = 1

90 Long Elbow

55

56

- Slip On Flange

- Welding Neck Flange

- Threaded Flange

- Lap Joint Flange

- Reducing Flange

- Socket Weld Flange

- Orifice Flange

- Blind Flange

- Spectacle Blinds

 Slip On Flange
Slip On Flange



fillet weld

57

58

 Welding Neck Flange

stub end

Reducing Flange

(
)

Butt
welding

reducer

Socket Weld Flange

Threaded Flange

socket joint
Orifice Flange
Lap Joint Flange (Van Stone Flange)

Stub
End

Flange

stub end

stub

orifice plate

end

alignment

59

60

 welding neck
slip on threaded
type

Blind Flange
Blind Flange

Spectacle Blinds
Spectacle

Blind

Spectacle Blind

( Iso Drawing NC Normally

Close )

( Iso Drawing
NO Normally Open )

Spectacle Blind

61

62

63

64

65

66

 Tee (
()
)
Tee (header) (branch)

6 x 6 x 6
6 x 6 x
4 Tee
- Equal Tee

- Reducing Tee

- Bullhead Tee

- Lateral Tee

- Standard Wye

- Reducing Wye

- Cross / 4 Way
Equal Tee
Equal Tee (header)
(branch) - 6 x 6 x 6 Tee

Reducing Tee
Reducing Tee (header)
(branch) - 6 x 6 x 4 Tee

67

68

 Bullhead Tee

Nipple

Bullhead Tee (header)

Nipple

(branch)

( )

- 4 x 4 x 6 Tee

PVC, CPVC
Male Pipe Male Pipe

Lateral Tee

Nippple close - NC

Lateral Tee (branch)

Nipple hex - NH

(header)

Reducing hex nipple - RHN (Male NPT Threads)

Long hex nipple - LHN (Male NPT Threads) - -
Standard Wye
Union


female end

(nut)
Flexible Coupling

Plug
blind flange

Flexible Coupling

plug

End Cap
Rigid Coupling
Rigid

coupling

Flexible

coupling

End

alignment

(Male) cap

Cap

(Female)

69

70

 Pipe Ferrule

Pipe Ferrule

Expansion Joint

Expansion coupling

Pipe Ferrule heat

bellow airtight chamber

exchanger

bellow chamber

Pipe Ferrule

Adapter

Adapter

expansion bellow
expension

joint -

Adapter
Adapter Female Adapters, Male Adapters,

Metal Expansion Joint

Fabric Expansion Joint

Rubber Expansion Joint

(Cast Iron)

Terminal Adapters, Hi Low converter Adapters, Twist to lock Y cord Adapters,

Auto Converter Adapters, Conduit Box Adapters, Reduce Drive Adapters,

Red Adapters

End Bell

/ End

Bell

End bell

H
ub and Spigot No Hub or Hubless

Hub and Spigot ( )

Service (SV) Extra Heavy (XH) Hubless (

End Bell

Hubless coupling

71

72

 Hubless coupling elbow, tee

connection

() ,

compression

connection

()

and

solder

connection()

45 Elbow 90 Elbow Female Pipe Adapters Male Pipe Adapters Pipe Cap Pipe

tensile strength

Coupling Pipe Tee Pipe Union Reducer Couplings

PVC CPVC

(sprinkler system)

PVC, CPVC ABS

flare

73

74

Socket Coupling Dresser Coupling

()

(bolt) (nut)

coupling

Flexible

Couplings

(Dresser

Coupling)

(Pipe Joining Systems)

(Steel),

(Aluminum), (Cast Iron)

Rigid Coupling

Socket Coupling

(welding, soldering, brazing) (Union)

(coupling)

(welding) (Welding)
(Union)

Socket Type Coupling ()

Dresser Coupling ()

(Solvent Cementing Joints)

(Threaded Joints)

(Grooved Joints)

(Flanged Joints)

(Electric Fusion)

PVC, CPVC, PB, PE, PPR

75

76





(primer)

PVC

PVC ABS ABS PVC
PVC ABS ABS
PVC
(cement) (MEK cleaner)

(Threaded Joint)

(Hydro-test)

- Teflon Tape (Sealing Tape)

ABS
(Solvent Cementing Joints)

ABS

(Grooved Joints)

ABS
primer

PVC

77

78

Torque Wrench
Torque Value

(compression nut)
(seal)

(Flanged Joints)
Joints)
( bolt), (nut), (washer), (gasket),
(spanner), ( water level),
( square)

79

80

 (Bolt Torque Values for Steel Pipes) (Imperial)

SAE 5

SAE 8

(Bolt Torque Values for Steel Pipes) (Metric Unit)

Socket Head
Property

Cap Screws

8.8

10.9

Class
Steel Grade
Minimum
Tensile
Strength PSI
Nominal Dia.
And

Bolt Torque Specs in Foot Pounds or (Inch lbs)

Thread Pitch
1/4-20
1/4-28
5/16-18
5/16-24
3/8-16
3/8-24
7/16-14
7/16-20
1/2-13
1/2-20
5/8-11
5/8-18
3/4-10
3/4-16
7/8-9
7/8-14
1-8
1-12

Dry
Lubed
(101)
(76)
(116)
(87)
(209) (157)
(231) (174)
(372) (276)
(420) (312)
49
37
55
41
75
57
85
64
150
113
170
127
267
200
297
223
429
322
474
355
644
483
722
542

120,000

1/4-1/2"
180,000
150,000 5/8-1" 170,000

Minimum
Tensile

Dry
Lubed Dry
Lubed
(143) (107) (168)
(120)
(147) (123) (192)
(144)
(295) (221) (348)
(264)
(327) (245) (384)
(288)
44
33
51
38
49
37
58
43
70
52
81
61
78
58
91
68
106
80
124
93
120
90
140
105
212
159
238
179
240
180
270
202
376
282
423
317
420
315
472
354
606
455
682
511
669
502
752
564
909
681 1022
767
1020
765 1147
860

12.9 Socket
Head
Cap Screw

M6
M16: 800
M20 M30: 830

1040

1220

Strength MPa
Nominal Size
and

Bolt Torque Specs in Newton Meters - Nm

Thread Pitch

Dry

Lubed

Dry

Lubed Dry

Lubed

M5 x 0.80

6.1

4.6

8.8

6.7

10.3

7.7

M6 x 1.00

10.4

7.8

15

11.2

17.6

13.1

M7 x 1.00

17.6

13.1

25.1

18.9

29.4

22

M8 x 1.25

25.4

19.1

37.6

27.3

42.6

32.1

M10 x 1.50

50

38

72

54

84

64

M12 x 1.75

88

66

126

94

146

110

M14 x 2.00

141

106

201

150

235

176

M16 x 2.00

218

164

312

233

365

274

M18 x 2.50

301

226

431

323

504

378

M20 x 2.50

426

319

609

457

712

534

M22 x 2.50

580

435

831

624

971

728

M24 x 3.00

736

552 1052

789

1231

923

M27 x 3.00

1079

809 1544

1158

1805

1353

M30 x 3.50

1463

1097 2092

1570

2446

1834

M33 x 3.50

1990

1493 2849

2137

3328

2497

M36 x 4.00

2557

1918 3659

2744

4276

3208

Dry = Lubed =
Dry =
Lubed =

81

82

Torque Wrench

FRP (Bolt Torque Values for FRP Pipes)

83

84

 (Electric Fusion)

nut
fusion coil

Electric Fusion PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), PP (Polypropylene), PE (Polyethylene) HDPE (High density Poly-ethylene)
Fusion Welding

pressure testing ( )
electrofusion socket (fusion
coil) ()

nut

(socket)

Nut

85

86


(Personal Protective Equipment)

()

( Goggles) (Face
Shields)

(Fusion Welding)
- Pressure Welding Explosion Welding


OFW (Oxyfuel Gas Welding), AW (Arc Welding) RW (Resistance
Welding)

welder

welder, welding supervisor, QC

A B

(Safety First)

welding goggle C D welding helmet A (Flash

Goggle)

B (Eyecup or Cover type of Goggle) Fuel Gas Welding

87

88

 Arc Welding

Arc Welding C D

Gas welding A Electric Arc

Type C flip up filter lens 2 inches by 4 inches Type D 4

welding B

inch by 5 inch window

Welding Helmet protective colored filter clear cover

lens

(Welders Protective Clothing)

Safety Shoes
Safety Boots
Safety Shoes

(Welding Handgloves)

89

90

(Safety Regulations for Hot Work)

(Additional
(Additional Safety Informations for Hot Work)

(Safety
Course for Welding Work / Hot Work)

(Oxy-Acetylene)

(gas cylinders)

(valves)

(fire blanket)

(valves) (regulators) (hoses)

( - )

Flashback Arrester

( )

(cap)

91

92

(Welding Symbols)

American Welding Society (AWS)

(reference line), (an arrow)
(tail)

(Basic weld symbols)

Permit To Work ()

(tip)

(Arrowhead indicates bevelled plate)

93

94

Fillet Weld

Bevel

Flare Bevel

J Groove

Corner Flange

(Weld symbols applied to reference line)

(size) (length) pitch
(centre-to-centre spacing)

(Specifying weld location)

95

96



fillet weld pitch


/
2 - 5


1/2
60

45

(Dimensions applied to weld symbols)
()

(
)

(Supplementary symbols)
Finishing symbol
G grinding () C
Chipping () M Machining ()
(Dimensioning of Welds)

SMAW

SMAW

(Drawing)

97

98

Finishing Symbol

(Welding Terminology)
welding inspector

G Grinding

Shielded Metal Arc Welding

See detail A A
Back Gouge
gauging

Filler Metal
Welding rod welding electrode
Welding Rod Electrode
Gas
Welding
Welding Electrode Electric arc welding electrode
holder ()

Representing Multiple Welds

Example of welding symbol in use.

multiple weld



bevel groove weld fillet weld

bevel groove weld fillet weld

99

100

101

102


(Welding Procedure Specification - WPS)

Welding Procedure Specification

Bevel
root travel speed

Welding Procedure Specification -

Welding Procedure Specification -

103

104

WPS

Corner Tee Joint -

(Welding Supervisor)

WPS

Lap Joint -
torch brazing () spot welding

(Welding Joints)

Weld Joint

(Butt Joint), (Corner Joint),
(T Joint - T ), (Lap Joint),
(Edge)

Edge Joint -

Root of joints
(Weld Joint Design)


(Weld joint design)

-

Basic Weld Joints

(compression)
Butt Joint -
(square) (groove)

(tension) (bending) (fatique)

(impact stresses)

105

106





-
(Welding Positions)

1G, 2G, 3G 1F, 2F
G Groove Weld F Fillet Weld 1 Flat
() 1G
groove () welding 5G

The Groove Face, Root Face, and Root Edge of joints.

1 Flat, 2 Horizontal, 3 Vertical, 4

Overhead
6G

overhead
Bevel angle, groove angle, groove radius, and root opening of joints for welding

(position)
6G welder

3G 4G

107

108

Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current (AC)

AC
DC (positive + ) (negative
-- )
(Duty Cycle)

(full

capacity)
%

Welding Position - Groove Welds - Plate

(Welding Machine)
AC DC
(Stationary Power Source)
(Rotating Power
Source) DC Constant Current (CC) Constant Voltage
(CV) CC GTAW SMAW
SAW FCAW
CV GMAW, FCAW SAW


AC Transformer

Welding Position - Fillet Welds - Plate

AC DC
Duty Cycle %

(Basic Welding Electricity)

AC to DC Rectifier

AC, DCRP, DCSP Duty

(voltage)

Cycle Inverter

(current)

AC, DCRP, DCSP

Duty Cycle

(penetration) penetration

(earth grounded)

109

110


(Selection of the Welding Cables)

coating) polarity
-

Welding Cable Size Numbers

2 flat and horizontal position (

smallest << ===============================>> LARGEST

4

1/0

2/0

3/0

4/0

7 iron oxide AC, DCRP,

DCSP

Amps

E6027
Minimum Tensile Strength 60000 psi

()
50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

300

350

400

100

1/0

1/0

2/0

2/0

3/0

4/0

4/0

150

1/0

2/0

3/0

4/0

4/0

200

1/0

2/0

3/0

4/0

4/0

250

1/0

2/0

3/0

4/0

300

2/0

3/0

4/0

350

1/0

2/0

4/0

400

1/0

3/0

4/0

450

2/0

3/0

500

2/0

4/0

550

3/0

600

3/0

1 all position ()
2 flat and horizontal ( )
3 flat position only ( )
4 vertical down, flat, horizontal and overhead ( )

(Selection of Correct Electrode)

Identification of Electrodes for SMAW

Electrode
(Welding Electrode)
(American Welding Society AWS)

Coating

Polarity

AWS designation

E-XXX0

Cellulose/sodium

DC+

E-6010,E-7010

E-XXX1

Cellulose/potassium

DC+,DC-,AC

E-6011,E-7011

E-XXX2

Rutile

DC-,AC

E-6012

E-XXX3

Rutile/potassium

DC+,DC-,AC

E-6013

E-XXXX - E Electrode

E-XXX4

Rutile/iron powder

DC+,DC-,AC

E-7014,E-7024

XXXX - Minimum Tensile

E-XXX5

Lime/calcium carbonate

DC+

E-7015

Strength (Thousands of pound per square inch)

E-XXX6

Lime/calcium carbonate

DC+,AC

E-7016

E-XXX7

iron oxide/iron powder

DC+,DC-,AC

E-6027,E-7027

E-XXX8

Lime/iron oxide

DC+,AC

E-7018,E-8018

(Chemical composition of

111

112

Remarks: DCRP = DC+ , DCSP = DC-

(Polarity)

AC DC

Straight Polarity (
()

(electrode) Electrode

(What type of fit up?), gap

Negative (Straight Polarity) DCSP

penetration

mild steel Straight

(chemical composition)
(Mechanical properties high tensile strength, ductility, corrosion

Polarity Straight
Polarity

resistance)
WPS code (ASME code)

Reverse Polarity (
()

(electrode) Electrode

Positive (Reverse Polarity - ) DCRP

Vertical Overhead welding

Reverse Polarity (Cast Iron)

Reverse Polarity

Mild Steel

Reverse Polarity

High-carbon steel

Special alloy steel

Cast Iron

Arc Welding

Nonferrous

Arc Welding

mild steel

Arc Welding Gas Welding

Gas Welding (
)
(heat distortion)
Carbon Arc Welding (CAW), Electrogas Welding (EGW), Flux Core Arc
Welding (FCAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(GTAW), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

arc welding arc welding

(heat source)

low-hydrogen

(filler metal)

(shielding gas)

113

114

welding current (),

voltage (),

speed of arc travel (- )

wire electrode extension ( stick-out

(electrical contact tip) (end of the wire electrode)
)

backhand forehand
backhand
forehand

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Stick Welding

AC
DC

(CC)

SMAW

core wire filler metal

Shielding Gas SMAW

(CO2)

(ferrous

electrode)
SMAW

(amp, )
()

115

116

SMAW

()

()

117

118

 (Starting the Arc)

(Starting the Arc)

(
)

119

120


Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) TIG (Tungsten
(Tungsten Inert
Inert Gas)







WPS

(Preheating)

Groove weld () gap ()

SMAW

GTAW

shielding gas

(overlap) (undercut)

GTAW (TIG) shielding gas

121

122

SMAW filler metal electrode GTAW filler rod

GTAW Torches (TIG )

)

electrode GTAW 1/8

Filler rod ()

Filler

rod

TIG
(current)

(electrode)
TIG

Tungsten Identification
AWS Listing (Type)
EWP, (Pure Tungsten)

Green

EWCe-2, (+/- 2% Cerium Oxide)

Orange

EWLa-1, (1% Lanthanum Oxide)

Black

EWLa-2, (2% Lanthanum Oxide)

Back

EWTh-1, (1% Thorium Oxide)

Red

EWTh-2, (2% Thorium Oxide)

Yellow

EWZr-1, (+/- 2% Zirconium Oxide)

Brown

EWG, (unspecified alloys)

Grey

GTAW

GTAW filler metal AWS
ERXXS-X - E Electrode, R Rod, XX minimum tensile
strength S Solid () X
chemical composition ( ) - ER70S-6
SMAW GTAW AC DC Constant Current (CC)
DC DCSP (electrode negative)
GTAW
GTAW

123

Colour

124

GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) MIG

MIG (Metal Inert
Inert Gas)

GTAW

MIG TIG TIG electrode

filler rod MIG electrode filler metal
filler rod
(copper coated solid wire)
Electrode AC
DC

(wire feeding machine)

TIG MIG MIG

(any
position)

MIG (power supply), (wire feeding
mechanism), (welding gun) (gas supply)

(current - ) electrode

Electrode Diameter (in)

Current (Amp) for Standard Tungsten Electrodes

0.04

10 60

1/16

40 120

3/32

100 160

1/8

150 210

5/32

190 275

3/16

250 350

1/4

300 490

5/16

450 600

125

126

0.045 1/16

(current amp)

MIG

MIG DCRP
MIG gun

MIG gun

gun

(wire feeder)

CO2 shielding gas



MIG gun

MIG

Mild steel mild steel
0.020, 0.030

Fillet Weld Groove Weld MIG

0.035

127

128

AWS MIG filler metal

NDT
Surface and subsurface cracks

Porosity

Tears

Machining, rolling & plating defects

Laminations

Lack of fusion

Porosity, Crater Porosity, Lack of Penetration, Burn Through, Whiskers

Inclusions

Segregation

Lack of Weld penetration

Fatigue defects

Seams

Blowholes

Flakes

Pitting

Laps

Undercut

Dimensional tolerance (e.g. Thickness)

EXXS-X

E Electrode XX minimum tensile

stength S solid () X filler metal

(chemical composition)
MIG Carbon Steel, Aluminum, Stainless Steel

MIG (weld defects) - Surface

Flux

Core

Arc

Welding

(FCAW),

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), Carbon Arc Welding
(CAW), Electrogas Welding


NDT
(Non Destructive Testing) Destructive Testing
NDT
NDT

Visual Inspection

Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)

Liquid Penetrant Inspection

Radiographic Inspection (X Ray)

Ultrasonic Inspection

Eddy Current Testing

Visual Inspection (
( )






welder inspector

Destructive Testing

Free Bend Test

Guided Bend Test

Nick Break Test

Impact Test

Fillet Welded Joint Test

Etching Test

Tensile Strength Test

Magnetic Particle Inspection (
( )
(
)

129

130

MPI

Circular Magnetization (Prod Method)

Prod spacing 600 to
2000 amps ( )

(Prod
Method) DC

High carbon steel

AC

Longitudinal Magnetization (Coil Method)

Liquid Penetrant Inspection (

( )

Liquid Penetrant Test

Liquid Penetrant Test

Dye Penetrant Non Water Washable ( )

Dye Penetrant Water Washable ( )

Fluorescent Penetrants ()

131

132

Penetrating power ()

()

X-Ray

(finishing) finishing
Penetrant Test finishing

Gamma Ray 

( 150 nanometer =

(fluorescent
penetrants)

(RT
(RT - Radiographic Testing)
Testing)

X-Ray Gamma Ray

Gamma Ray

X-Ray 

Gamma Ray -

133

134





Eddy Current

Testing

Eddy Current Testing

X-Ray

( - )

(electromagnetic field)

eddy current

(porosity, slag
inclusion, inadequate penetration, incomplete fusion, under cutting, cracking, voids,
pin holes, misalignment)

(UT
(UT - Ultrasonic Testing)
Testing)

Nuclear power plant heat

exchanger eddy current

inspection

probe

eddy

current

eddyscope

Pulse Echo

eddyscope

Transmission

Resonance

Eddy current test (penetration depth or skin depth)

(frequency), (conductivity)

Frequency Modulation

permeability
1kHz 3MHz 5m 1mm
Eddy current testing ()

135

136

(weld

cap)

(heat affected zone)

Destructive Testing

(Welding Quality Control)

QA/QC

WPS

(Welding

Procedure

Specification)

(
)

fitting

WPS
NDT

Traceability Record
Traceability Record (

)

137

138

139

140

Quarter turn valve Ball valve, Butterfly valve, Plug valve

(Quarter turn valve /

(Valves)

- )
(valve size)

(NPT thread )

ID () ID

Gate Valve

Globe Valve

Check Valve

Non-rising stem

Diaphragm Valve

(open), (close)

Ball Valve

Butterfly Valve

Plug Valve

Relief Valve

Rising stem

250 psig steam service Gate valve

Safety Valve, Storm Valve, Control Valve, Needle

Valve


(Mechanical motion)

- Stop (Isolation) Valves

gate valve, globe valve, butterfly valve, ball valve, plug
valve, diaphragm valve

1. Linear Motion Valves

2. Rotary Motion Valves

- Regulating Valves

3. Quarter Turn Valves

Linear motion valves

Gate valve, Globe valve, Lift check valve,

Glove valve

In-line check valve, Pinch valve, Diaphragm valve, Safety valve, Relief valve

butterfly valve, needle valve, ball valve, plug valve diaphragm

valve

Rotary motion valves

Swing check valve, Tilting disc check valve,

Folding disc check valve, Stop check valve, Ball valve, Butterfly valve, Plug valve

141

142

 design pressure 15 bar

Pressure relief valve
(set point pressure)
(MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure)

Design Pressure
MAWP MAWP Set point pressure Set point
pressure working pressure
Gate Valves
Valves

- Backflow Prevention Valves

Non-return valve Check Valve

- Pressure Relief Devices

Pressure relief valve

(normal working pressure)
design pressure design pressure
working pressure working pressure 10 bar

143

Gate Valve

144

Gate

Valve

Angle Body Globe Valve

gate valve solid wedge, flexible wedge, split wedge, double disc
split wedge double disc

Y Pattern Globe Valve

disc

Gate valve

(pressure loss)
disc


disc

Gate valve (Body),

(bonnet) (trim) Trim
stem, gate, wedge of disc, seat ring

T pattern
body, Y pattern body Angle body globe valve
Y pattern globe valve T pattern body

Globe Valves
Valves

Angle body globe valve T pattern

T pattern (pressure drop)



Globe valve gate valve Globe
valve conventional disc, plug disc, composition disc, needle valve
disc
Globe valve




Globe valve

T Pattern Globe Valve

Gate valve
Gate Valve Globe Valve
Globe

Globe valve

valve disc ( )

disc

145

146

Check Valves (Non-Return Valves)

Diaphragm Valves
Diaphragm valve

(diaphragm)

Swing Check Valve

Check Valve
Check Valve one way valve () Check valve
Swing Check Valve Lift Check Valve

Weir type diaphragm valve Straight through diaphragm valve

Lift Check Valve

Wafer Check Valve

Diaphragm valve /

Check valve direction

( )

Ball Check Valve

check

Diaphragm valve

valve Check valve

200

psi (1380 kPa) 400F (204C)

Diaphragm valve

147

148

Ball valve Split Body ball

valve, Top Entry ball valve, End Entry ball valve,
Three Piece Body ball valve, Double Trunnion ball
valve ball valve
ball valve

Ball valve

ball valve

Ball Valves

Ball valve quarter turn valve

(sealing ability)

(nylon), (synthetic rubber), delrin, fluorinated polymer

plug valve Ball valve

Butterfly Valves
Butterfly valve

Quarter turn


(flanged end) wafer and lug

149

150

Butterfly valve
/

plug

Plug valve

(disc)
butter
fly valve
- (elbow) control valve Tee

Lubricated plug valve Non-lubricated plug valve

Plug Valves

Plug valve

Plug valve cock Quarter turn valve

Two way, three

Plug valve

way, four way

Plug valve

Plug valve

/
/ Ball valve

0 bar 10000 psi -50F 1500F

Ball valve Plug valve
Ball valve
plug
valve

151

152

 Pressure Relief Valve (Safety Valve)

Pressure Relief Devices or Safety
Valves

Safety valve


safety valve set pressure

(Selection of Valve)
Valve Types and Typical Applications

Notes:
1. Only angle-globe valves can be used for a 90 deg change in direction of flow.
2. Check valves (other than the stop-check valves) stop flow only in one (reverse) direction.
Stop check valves can be and are used as stop, block, or isolation valves, in addition to
being used as a check valve.
3. Some designs of ball valves are suitable for throttling service.
4. Multiport ball and plug valves are used for changing the direction of flow and mixing
flows.

153

154

(Valve

Installation)

)
Classification (ASME B31.1, ASME Sec. III, etc.,)

()

valve specification
( )

(ANSI, DIN, JIS, etc.), (Class
#150, 300, etc.,)

(upstream) (strainer)

(Definition relative to seat/tightness)

(bolt, nut, gasket)

1. Drop Tight : (
) (

(vertical pipe line)

2. Bubble Tight :
(
1/8 )

swing check valve disc

3. No visible leakage:

(hydrostatic test)

zero leakage zero leakage

-8

1x10 cm
3

0.3 cm

(platform)

c. Zero Leakage ( )

flow direction

b. For Gas ()

Check valve (flow direction)

a. For Liquid ()

()

Standard API 598 MSS.SP-61

(misalignment)


class

155

156

(Valve support)

( Interpreting the Drawings)

Support pipe support

(Drawing)

(Lines in Piping Drawing)

Long Break Line

( )

Centre Line

Hidden Line

Seen Line

Dimension Line

157

158

Section Line

Weldneck Flange section

Iso Drawing

isulation

Fitting Type

-

Flanged

Bell &
Screwed Spigot

Welded

Soldered

Bell &
Spigot

Welded

Soldered

45 Deg
Elbow
90 Deg
Elbow

Fitting
Type

Elbow Turn
Down

(Standard Piping Symbols)

Elbow Turn
Up

159

Tee

160

Flanged

Screwed

Tee Down

Tee Up

Valve Type
Gate Valve

Cross

Angle Gate
Valve

Lateral
Union
Concentric
Reducer
Eccentric
Reducer
Bushing
Sleeve
Reducing
Flange

Symbol

Valve Type
Check Valve or
Non Return
valve
Angle Check
Valve

Gate Valve
Motor
operated
Globe Valve

Float operated
valve

Angle Globe
Valve

Stop Cock

Globe Valve
Motor
operated
Quick opening
valve

Diaphragm
valve

Safety Valve

Plug valve or
Cock Valve

Symbol

Butterfly
Valve

Control valve

Y Strainer

Cap

Angle Safety
Valve

Spectacle Blind
Plug

161

162

()

Solenoid valve



( Piping Abbreviations)

elev.

elevation ()

Fab.

Fabricate ()

Flg

Flange ()

FF

Flat Face

FW

Field Weld ( )

galv.

Galvanized ()

AFC

Approved For Construction ( )

gskt.

Gasket

AG

Above Ground ()

HV

Heating and ventilation ()

ANSI

American National Standard Institute

HVAC

Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning

API

American Petroleum Institute

hex.

Hexagon ( )

ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

horiz.

Horizontal ()

ASTM

American Society of Testing Materials

HP

High Pressure ()

AWS

American Welding Society

ID

Inside Diameter ()

AWWA

American Water Works Association

instr.

Instrument

Appd.

Approved ()

insul.

Insulation ()

atm

Atmospheric

IPS

Iron Pipe Size ()

BCD

Bolt Circle Diameter

iso

Isometric Drawing

BFV

Butterfly Valve

IFA

Issued for Approval ( )

B/L

Base Line ()

IFC

Issued for Construction ( )

BOP

Bottom of Pipe ( /)

IFR

Issued for Review ( )

BWE

Butt Weld End

JIS

Japanese Industrial Standards

Ctr

Centre ()

jt.

Joint ()

CL

Centre Line ()

lat.

Lateral ()

C to C

Centre to Centre ( )

LP

Low Pressure ()

Con. Red.

Concentric Reducer ()

matl.

Material

cfm

Cubic Feet per Miniute ( )

max.

Maximum ()

dia.

Diameter ()

min.

Minimum ()

dim.

Dimension ()

MS

Mild Steel

dir.

Direction ()

NC

Normally Closed ( )

DIN

Deutsches Institute fuer Normung

NPS

Nominal Pipe Size

DN

Diameter Nominal (Nominal Diameter) ()

NPT

National Pipe Thread

Dwg

Drawing ()

NO

Normally Opened

DWV

Drain, Waste & Vent ( )

NRS

Non Rising Stem

ea.

Each ()

NTS

Not To Scale

Ecc. Red.

Eccentric Reducer ()

no.

number

ell.

elbow ( )

OD

Outside Diameter

163

164

PE

Plain End

XS

Extra Strong (pipe schedule)

PI

Pressure Indicator (Pressure Gauge )

XXH

Double Extra Heavy

prefab.

Prefabricated

XXS

Double Extra Strong (pipe schedule)

prelim.

Preliminary

PRV

Pressure Reducing Valve

proj.

Project

PO

Purchase Order

PSI

Pound per Square in

PW

Potable Water

QO

Quick Opening

qty.

Quantity

rad.

Radius

ref.

Reference

Rev.

Revised, Revision

RF

Raised Face

RJ

Ring Joint

RS

Rising Stem

RW

Raw Water

sch.

Schedule

(Reading the Scale Drawings)


(Scale Ruler)

(Triangle Ruler)

SMLS

Seamless Steel ( )

- 1:5 1:50, 1:10

spec.

Specification

1:100, 1:20 1:200,

SO Flg

Slip On Flange ()

1: 500 1:1000

SS

Stainless Steel

std.

Standard

SWE

Socket Weld End

temp.

Temperature

thk.

Thickness

TOC

Top of Concrete ( )

TOP

Top of Pipe ( )

TOS

Top of Steel ( )

typ.

Typical ()

UG

Under Ground ()

vac.

vacuum

WN Flg

Weld Neck Flange ()

WOG

Water, Oil & Gas (Working Pressure)

XH

Extra Heavy

Fan Shape Scale Ruler

165

166

 (Fan Shape Scale Ruler) 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25,

Schematic Diagram

1:30, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, 1:200

Title Block

Title Block



Iso Drawing

1:10

10mm

Schematic Drawing

100

100

Title Block NTS

Iso Drawing

(Piping Drawings)
Piping Drawing
Schematic Diagram
Flow Diagram
P & ID Drawing (Piping and Instrument Diagram)
GA Drawing (General Arrangement Drawing) (Piping Plan)
Iso Drawing (Isometric Drawing)
Spool Drawings

167

50x10=500 mm
1:10

10x10=100 mm 50mm

168

 Flow Diagram (
( )

P & ID Drawing



Schematic Diagram

P & ID Diagram

Flow Diagram
Flow Diagram

P & ID Drawing (Piping and Instrumentation

Instrumentation Diagram)
Process and Instrumentation Diagram
Schematic Diagram



-

169

(System of all process lines, pipe size and Flow direction)

drawing

(Major equipment and need valves)

170

(Line Numbers and Codes along the line)

(Instrumentation and controlled devices)

Check Valve pump flow meter instrument flow
direction (air vent) (drain)
P & ID
P&ID (instrumentation)


Flow F (Level)
L (Temperature) T (Pressure) P

(Indicator) I, (Recorder) R,
(Controller) C, (Transmitter) T
FLOW -

Temperature -

FI

Flow Indicator

TI

Temperature Indicator

FR

Flow Recorder

TR

Temperature Recorder

FC

Flow Controller

TC

Temperature Controller

FT

Flow Transmitter

TT

Temperature Transmitter

Level, Pressure
P & ID diagram




P & ID
Heat Exchanger, Pump, Tank, Compressor,
Valve Actuator

171

172

 GA Drawing (General Arrangement

Arrangement Drawing) (Piping Plan)

( ) (Plan View)

General Arrangement Drawing Piping Plan
GA Drawing
GA Drawing

173

174

GA Drawing

S
S 199000

GA Drawing

- Elevation

Iso Drawing No.

- Pipe Size

175

176

Iso Drawing (Isometric Drawing)

pipe support flow meter, pressure gauge, Temperature

GA Drawing

Indicator

GA Drawing

GA Drawing GA Drawing

GA Drawing

Isometric Drawing ( Iso Drawing)

GA Drawing

Iso Drawing (axis)

X axis, Y axis

Elevation

Z axis X Y

elevation

(Coordinate

system)

+ ( ) ()
( Coordinate System)

(
X Axis X

(
Y Axis Y )
(
Z Axis Z )

xy
z

177

178


(Origin)

x - y
- z

Drawing


Iso Drawing

(x,y,z)

(0,0,0)
X

+ ()

()

Y + ()

()

Z + ()

()

W396197

S288303,

EL

-180

(W) (S)

( column)

179

180

Iso Drawing

Iso Drawing

Title Block ( )
Bill of Material ()

(N)

Iso Drawing No.

W158015-E-15800-PI-2343-0409-0610

Bill of Material

(Centre to Centre)
Iso Drawing
Centre to Centre

Title Block

Iso Drawing

181

182

Revision No.

Pipe support

Revision 0 ( )

elevation

( )

Revision 1
Revision 2, Revision 3 Rev 0, Rev 1, Rev 2

cloud
1, 2
Rev

183

184

 Title Block (
(
)

Iso Drawing

Piping Class

Iso Drawing

Iso Drawing No. GA Drawing

Revision

P&ID Diagram Piping Plan (GA)

GA Drawing

185

186

 Bill of Material or Material Take Off (BOM or MTO) ()

Iso Drawing

Workshop fabricate

()

Pressure rating 10 bar

GRE

3 90 deg Elbow

4 Flange
Bell End, FF Flange

install
Class #150 , GRE Flg

Pressure rating 10 bar

(Notes and Specifications)

Notes and Specifications
- (Operating
Temperature and Pressure) (Testing Temperature
and Pressure) (Type of Valves)
(insulation) Pipe support

Iso Drawing

elbow

187

188

 Spool Drawings
GA Drawing site

Spool # 1

Iso Drawing



site

Spool # 2

workshop
spool drawing
spool drawing Iso Drawing

Spool Drawing Iso Drawing site

(Field Weld or Field Joint) pipe fitter
piping supervisor joint () FW (Field Weld)
FW
site FW

Iso Drawing FW joint

Spool # 3

FW joint
spool drawing

Spool # 1
Spool # 5

Spool # 4

Spool # 2

189

190

Spool # 4

Spool # 3

W158194-0409-2071-1.5-1

W158194-0409-2071-1.5-2

Spool # 5

Spool Drawing Spool No.

Spool No.

Iso no.
- spool
spool no.
Line No. - W158194, Location 0409,

Iso Drawing No. 2071, Pipe Size 1.5 -

W158194-0409-2071-1.5-3

Spool No. 1 W158194-0409-2071-1.5-1

Spool No. 2 W158194-0409-2071-1.5-2
Spool No. 3 W158194-0409-2071-1.5-3
Project No., Location,
System Name, Iso Drawing No. Spool No.
Project No. P201
Location Block 13P
System Vent and Sounding System (VS)
Drawing Page No. 6

W158194-0409-2071-1.5-4

Spool No. 1 Spool No. P201 13P VS PG6 1

W158194-0409-2071-1.5-5

Spool
spool system


spool no.

191

192

Spool Drawing Joint No. Spool No. 1

Joint No. site

joint FW
pipe fitter site

(Fabrication and Installation)

fit up

spool drawing workshop
prefabrication prefab

workshop
workshop pipeshop
prefabrication

installation

(Preparation)


Drawing (GA, P&ID, Iso Drawing)

(Calculation of BOM, pipe and fittings requirement)

(Tools and Equipments for pipe fabrication and
installation)

(Consumables and
PPE)

(Send supervisors and
workers to necessary trainings)

Drawing (GA, P&ID, Iso Drawing)

drawing

193

194

0, 23/9/2008
1, 18/10/2012

0, 23/9/2008
1, 18/10/2012

0, 23/9/2008
1, 18/10/2011

0, 23/9/2008

0, 23/9/2008

0, 23/9/2008

1, 18/10/2010

0, 23/9/2008

Rev & Reciving

revision 0

1, 18/10/2009

drawing update drawing

drawing Latest Revision

0, 23/9/2008

Date

Issue to

GA Drawing (Piping Plan), P&ID Drawing, Isometric Drawing

Production

1, 18/10/2008

Controller

drawing

Material

Issue to

195

196

0, 23/9/2008
W158020
6

E15800-PI2343-0409-0306

W158019
5

E15800-PI2343-0409-1516

0, 23/9/2008

1, 15/10/2008
0, 23/9/2008
E15800-PI2343-0409-0337

1, 15/10/2008
0, 23/9/2008

W158018

Line No.
Sr No.

master copy

Drawing system
Master copy copy

E15800-PI2343-0409-0219

drawing

W158017

project

Revision Rev.

E15800-PI2343-0409-0381

W158016

Iso. Drawing No.

Drawing revision material controller production

E15800-PI2343-0409-0601

production group drawing

W158015

material controller production group

Date

drawing drawing

Date

Iso Drawing Drawing Register

GA, P&ID

Rev & Reciving

Drawing

Rev & Reciving

drawing
register
Register GA Drawing P&ID Drawing Iso


(Calculation of BOM )

fibreglass fibreglass
fabricate - Shaving Tool, Mallet,

Drawing

wastage () %

Iso Drawing Iso Drawing BOM

Material Description
sch 40 or sch 80 (Carbon Steel,
Stainless Steel, FRP, PVC, UPVC, ABS ) 90 deg Elbow LR
SR Flange 150 lb Flange 300 Lb Flange
Gasket Bolt & Nut
Galvanized Cadmium coated

come along, Jorgenson Clamp Fitting pipe

stand

heater

(LEWLicensed Electrical Worker) LEW

- (Lifting gears and belts)





lifting gear

(Tools and Equipments for pipe fabrication and

(Consumables and

installation)

PPE)

Carbon Steel
-

vice

Generator wheel grinder Die grinder

drilling machine
Blower Exhaust Fan 230V, 110V

allen key
Tool Box

197

(consumable)

(Personal Protective Equipment PPE)

welding electrode gas grinding disc

sanding disc Chillie grinding stone fibre cutting disc Masking Tape
Marker Chalk
(Safety)
(PPE)
(Helmet) (Safety
Shoe) (cotton glove, jean glove, rubber glove, welding glove)
(Safety glass) Ear Plug / Ear Muff Dust Mask Respirator

(Full Body Harness)

Rescue Equipment

PPE

198

(Send supervisors and

workers to necessary trainings)

(Rigger)

(Signaler) (Lifting Supervisor)

(

Quality Control

Paper work ()

(Method Statement)

- Working at Height Safety Course

- Hot Work Safety Course

(Safety Management System)

- Excavation Safety Course

(Safework Procedure) (Environmental Control

- Electrical Safety Course

Plan)

- Lifting and Rigging Safety Course

- Confined Space

- -

Safety Course
- Hearing Protection Course

(Welder Certificate)

- Manual Handling Safety Course

(Bonder Certificate)

- Environmental Awarness Course

(Crane Operator Certificate)

(Lifting Supervisor Certificate)

(Rigger Certificate)

- fibreglass pipe

(Signaler Certificate)

(Scaffolder Certificate)

(Flange) (Bolt & Nuts)

199

200

(Lifting Machine Certificate)

(Lifting Sling and Belts Certificate)

(Chain Blocks Certificate)

(Gas Cylinders Certificate)

(Pipe and Fittings Certificate)

(Welding Electrodes Certificate)

(Galvanization Certificate)

(Bolt & Nuts Certificate)

(Pressure Gauge Certificate)

( - Flow Meter)

(Valves Certificate)

, ,

, lifting belt/ sling

Fibre glass PVC ABS

, ,

MSDS (Material Safety Data

Sheet)
(Permit
To Work) (Certificate Holder)
supervisor


Safety

201

202


pipe rack ()

pipe rack

spool

Flange

Fibre glass PVC, ABS

( -

203

204

Iso Drawing

-

(Cutting the required length of pipe)

(Carbon Steel Pipes)

,


Butt Joint

Socket Joint

Bell and Spigot Joint

Threaded Joint

Material controller

Fillet Weld Joint

drawing system
Log book (register)

Butt Joint ()

drawing
drawing

drawing

90 Elbow, 45 Elbow

fitting Weld neck
flange, 90deg long radius Elbow Flange
Elbow centre Elbow centre Tee centre

Flange 90deg LR Elbow centre 2373

Main Warehouse

mm

(Prefabrication)

drawing

drawing drawing
drawing drawing

Weld Neck Flange

( ) 90deg LR elbow

centre face

205

206

 spool 8 90deg elbow centre 8 Equal Tee centre

1228mm 8 Equal Tee centre face

Butterfly Valve

( 203mm) -

8 Equal Tee centre face , B = 203 mm

spool

= Iso dimension (A + B + 3mm + 3mm)

= 1228 ( 304+203+3+3)
= 715 mm
spool 45deg Elbow, Reducer

Socket Joint
( )

Butt Joint fitting
socket joint fitting socket fitting

Iso Drawing GRP pipe, Marine GT250

8 Weld Neck Flange , Y = 102 mm

socket joint Flange 79mm

8 90deg LR elbow centre face , A = 304 mm

socket 72mm 90deg LR elbow centre face

gap = 3 mm

394 mm socket 76mm spool

Iso Drawing = 2373 mm

= Iso dimension (Y + A + 3mm + 3mm)

8 Socket End Flange , Y = 79 mm

= 2373 ( 102+304+3+3)

Flange , x = 72 mm

= 1961 mm

207

208

 Bell and Spigot

(Taper shaving)

Bell and Spigot

fitting

, y = 79 72 = 7 mm
8 90deg LR elbow centre face , A = 394 mm
Elbow , x = 76 mm

socket joint Bell and Spigot Joint

, a = 394 76 = 318 mm

Bell fitting

Iso Drawing = 2373 mm

Iso Drawing GRP Smith Fibreglass pipe,

= Iso dimension ( y + a )

Green Thread Bell and spigot joint

= 2373 ( 7 + 318 )

Flange 102 mm spigot 60 mm 90deg elbow

= 2048 mm

centre face 295 mm spigot 76 mm

spool

Socket fitting

8 Bell End Flange , Y = 102 mm

Bell and Spigot Joint

Flange , x = 60 mm

Bell and Spigot Joint Socket Joint Socket

209

, y = 102 60 = 42 mm
8 90deg elbow centre face , A = 295 mm
Elbow , x = 76 mm

210

 , a = 295 76 = 219 mm

Flange

Iso Drawing = 2373 mm

4 90deg elbow centre face , A = 114 mm

= Iso dimension ( y + a )

Elbow , x = 27 mm

= 2373 ( 42 + 219 )

, a = 114 27 = 87 mm

= 2112 mm

Iso Drawing = 2373 mm

= Iso dimension ( a )
= 2373 ( 87 )

Threaded Joint (
( )

= 2286 mm

fitting

(Heat No.)

Threaded Joint

drawing

Heat No. Spool No.

Permanent Paint Marker
(blasting) welding (
blasting

)
Grinder
cutter (square cutting)

Flange B 33 mm

90deg elbow centre face 114 mm

Fibre Cutter

elbow thread 27 mm 32
mm

Fibre cutter

spool

4 Threaded Flange , B = 33 mm
Flange , x = 33 mm

211

212

 (Types
(Types of cutting machines)
machines)

(Auto Cutter)

Wheel Grinder or Angle Grinder

(Abrasive Cutting)

Fibre cutting disc

Fibre cutting disc

Diamond cutter

grinder

grinder

(100mm) (45 degree bevel)

(remote control)

Fibre cutting disc FRP

diamond cutter FRP
Orbital Pipe Saw

Oxyfuel Cutter (
)

Portable Band Saw

Orbital Pipe Saw

Cutting Torch

Potable Band Saw

213

214

Nozzles

cutting, lathe cutting, shearing, oxyfuel cutting, waterjet cutting, plasma cutting

(PVC & PPR Pipe Cutters)

PVC Pipe Cutter

PPR Pipe Cutter

(End
(End Finishing)
inishing)


(bevelling)
WPS (Welding Procedure Specification)



(grinding)

Portable Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting Equipment

(Oxyfuel cutter)

cutting torch

(gouging)

abrasive cutting, band saw cutting, cold sawing, laser

215

216

 (PVC) (ABS)

FRP

217

218

 Butt and Wrap joint lamination grinding

Butt and Wrap joint

lamination

FRP Bell and Spigot Socket Joint

Socket joint (0 - ) Bell and Spigot joint
taper (1 - )

Smith Fiberglass Product Scarfing Tool

(gap)

grinding
lamination procedure

GT Marine scarfing

Scarfing Green
Thread Marine

GRP lamination

GRP lamination

(Threaded joint)

FRP Socket Joint

shaving scarfing

NPT

Shaving scarfing

219

220

American Standard Pipe Taper Thread

NPSC

American Standard Straight Coupling Pipe Thread

NPTR

American Standard Taper Railing Pipe Thread

NPSM

Water Level (
()

American Standard Straight Mechanical Pipe Thread

NPSL

American Standard Straight Locknut Pipe Thread

NPTF

American Standard Pipe Thread Tapered (Dryseal)

BSPP

British Standard Pipe Thread Parallel

BSPT

British Standard Pipe Thread Tapered

NPT
(National Pipe Taper) or (National
Pipe Thread)

Set Square or Tri Square

alignment 90 deg Elbow,

45 deg Elbow, Flange

Tri- square

Tri- square
Tri- square

Fabricating

(Measuring Tape)

Pipe Stand

Welding Machine and Electrodes

Welding Machine Electrodes
pipe stand
pipe
stand

Marker / Punch / Marker Pen / Chalks

Heat No., Spool No. marker

Permanent Marker/ Paint Marker

221

222

Wrap Around

(Pipe Alignment
Alignment Equipment)
Wrap
Around Wrap Around square
cut

3mm 5mm

wrap

around

Hammer / Mallet (
()
alignment

(Iso Drawings)


(Pipe Schedule Table),
(Fitting Bulletin) (reference

Mallet

documents) Masking Tape ()

Hammer

Spool Drawing Spool Drawing Iso Drawing

FW (Field Weld) Joint
90elb SR LR Flange

Clamp

#150 #300 Alignment

(clamps) clamp
Alignment

(alignment) (horizontal / longitudinal) (vertical) (lateral)

Flange bolt (Hole level for Flanges)
(alignment for pipe to pipe)

Flange

Bar Clamp

C Clamp

Jorgensen Canvas Band Clamp

223

224

 (high low)
(gap)
(level of bolt holes)
(alignment of flange surface)
High Low pipe alignment tri square
3mm

90deg Elbow Alignment

90deg

Elbow

,

high low

225

226

Tee Alignment

hi low, gap

(Tee)

tacking

gap gap, alignment

tacking

tacking

Tacking

hi low, gap

Tacking

tacking
Pipe to Pipe Alignment

45deg
45deg Elbow Alignment

(Fit-up )

spool (drawing)

fit-up
inspection checklist box

Spool No.

Fit - Up Date :

Fitter No.

Welding Date:

Welder No.

MPI Date:

227

Joint No.

228

NDT test

 (spool) (spool no.)

spool

(Cutting the Pipe at any angle)

shop weld
field weld (FW)

= Angle of Cut ()

shop weld

OD = Outside Diameter of the pipe

R = Radius = OD / 2

RA = R x Cos 45 = R x 0.707
C1 = OD x tan

Fit up

C2 = (R + RA) x tan

C3 = C1 / 2

( )

C4 = (R - RA) x tan

Bonding for PVC / ABS and FRP pipes
butt joint

Fit-up Socket Joint Bell and Spigot joint Fit-up
(bonding)
PVC, PE, PPR, Fibre Glass Pipe ()

OD








45

C1, C2, C3, C4

= . x

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1

229

230

RA = R x Cos 45 = 77.44

C4

C1 = OD x tan

C2 = (R + RA) x tan

= 219 x tan 60

= (109.5+77.44) x tan 60

C3

= 219 x 1.732

= 186.98 x 1.732

= 379.4

= 323.8

C2

C3 = C1 / 2

C1

C4 = (R - RA) x tan

= 379.4 / 2

= (109.5 77.44) x tan 60

= 189.72

= 55.6

tan

(OD)

OD .

. = . x .
= (OD = )

tan ()

= . x

tan

tan

tan

7.5

0.132

22.5

0.414

60

1.732

10

0.176

30

0.577

70

2.747

= Circle, = circumference, = Outside

15

0.268

45

75

3.732

20

0.364

50

1.192

80

5.671

Diameter (OD), . ()
R=

219
= 109.5 ( )
2

231

232

C4 C3

Miter Elbow
(90, 45, 60,
60, 30 etc) (2pcs, 3pcs)

(Miter Elbow)

miter elbow, miter tee

Angle of cut
Cut
Angle

Cut Angle =

Number of Degree of Turn

Number of Welds x 2
( )

= ---------------------------------------------------- (cutback dimension) A

A

A = (Pipe OD / 2) x ( tan of Cut Angle)

A = x

(OD) tangent

OD

233

234

 (Outside Diameter OD)

A = (168/2) x 0.414 = 35 mm

OD

OD

OD

wrap around

(Tangent Values)

Tan

Tan

Tan

60

1.732

30

0.577

15

0.268

50

1.192

22.5

0.414

10

0.176

45

20

0.364

7.5

0.132

=168 x 3.142 = 528

- Miter Elbow (2 pieces)

Cut Angle -

Cut Angle =

45
= 22.5
1x2

cutback dimension A

2 pieces 45 degree miter elbow

3 pieces 90 degree miter elbow

OD of 6 Pipe = 168 mm ( OD )
tan 22.5 = 0.414 ( tangent )
A = (Pipe OD/2) x (tan of Cut Angle)

235

236

 Miter Elbow

( 3 pcs and 4 pcs 90deg Miter Elbow)

()

Angle of cut () -

90
= 15
3x2

() ()

Cut Angle =

Angle of cut () -

90
Cut Angle =
= 22.5
2x2

A = Miter Radius x tan of Cut Angle

A = R x tan 15 = R x 0.268

B=Ax2

A = Miter Radius x tan of Cut Angle

A = R x tan 22.5 = R x 0.414

B=Ax2

Miter Radius x . = ( )
( )
A = 381 x 0.268 = 102 mm B = 102 x 2 = 204
Miter Bend Radius ASME Pressure Piping Code ASME

B31 ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8

Internal Design

Miter Radius (R) x . = (

Pressure, Angle of change in direction, Stress Value, Coefficient

= x . =

Miter Radius

(Cut Angle) = 22.5 degree

Miter Bend Radius R =

- A = x tan 22.5
-

A = x .

A =

R = Radius of Miter Bend

B = A x 2 = x =

D = Outside Diameter of pipe

237

= Cut Angle A -

T c A = 25mm

238

A
D

+
tan 2

T c A = 2 (T c )
T c 22 A = 2

profile

(T - c)
+ 30
3

T c mechanical allowance

c 0.5mm

ASME B31

miter radius

Sch 40

Outside Diameter of 10 Pipe = 10.75 (273mm)

Thickness of Sch 40, 10 Pipe = 0.365 (9.27mm)

Branch (Equal, Reducing,
Reducing, Lateral)

= 22.5 for 3 pieces miter elbow

Equal Tee, Equal Branch (

(
)

T c < 13 , A = 25

A
D
R=
+
tan 2
25
273
R = 197 mm
R=
+
tan 22.5
2



Miter Radius = Pipe Size x 1.5

(Header Pipe) (Branch)

(profile)
Equal Tee, Equal Branch
(Branch Profile)
( A1 A0 size)

standard long radius elbow

239

240

( )

= x .

241

( A1 A0 size)

( )

242
























Reducing Tee, Unequal Branch (
(
)
(Header Pipe) (Branch)

(profile)
Reducing Tee, Reducing Branch, Unequal Branch
(Branch Profile)

(Equal Tee)
(header pipe)


(branch pipe - )

a,

243

244

b, c

Lateral
(Equal Lateral Branches)
Lateral Tee

245

246

c
D

OD
OD
x tan 23 , a =
x 0.4245
2
2
OD
OD
b=
x tan 68 , b =
x 2.475
2
2

D E

a=

Fiber Cutter

wrap around


1, 2, 3, 4

Hack Saw

b
C

B
B A C

Hack Saw

Fiber Cutter

d = b c = b a


1, 2, 3, 4

Lateral Tee

d E

OD

a =

b=

OD
x 0.4245 a = ( / ) x . = .
2

OD
x 2.475 b = ( / ) x . = .
2
. lateral lateral

247

248

OD
R
lateral
2

Angle a

Angle b

22.5 L ateral

11

79

a = R x 0.1943

b = R x 5.1445

30 Lateral

15

75

a = R x 0.2679

b = R x 3.732

40 Lateral

20

70

a = R x 0.364

b = R x 2.747

50 Lateral

25

65

a = R x 0.4663

b = R x 2.1445

60 Lateral

30

60

a = R x 0.5773

b = R x 1.732

70 Lateral

35

55

a = R x 0.7

b = R x 1.428

80 Lateral

40

50

a = R x 0.839

b = R x 1.1917

(Equal Tee)


(Circumference Line)

249

250

 Lateral
(Reducing Lateral Branches)

Reducing Lateral Tee lateral

(Header)

lateral

Unequal Lateral Tee

a, b, c, d

- .

.

.
.

a, b, c, d

251

252

= x . = . x . =
. .

. . .

253

254

(
)

Wye
(Wye Template Develompent)

255

256



(Instruments), (Pressure Gauge),
(Temperature Indicator)

Wye

Weldolet

Equal Tee, Reducing Lateral

Weldolet

Weldolet

257

258

Sockolet

Elbolet

Weldolet
butt joint
Sockolet socket joint

Elbow outlet elbolet

Threadolet

Sweepolet

Weldolet
Sockolet socket
joint Threadolet

Sweepolet outlet
weldolet, sockolet

Nippolet

Nippolet nipple outlet Nippolet

259

260

 Half Coupling

(Pipe Supports)





(pipe supports) (guides)
Half

(anchors)

coupling coupling, cap

weldolet,

sockolet, threadolet, nippolet, elbolet, sweepolet, half

(excessive

bending)

(thermal expansion)

(water hammer)

loop

coupling

anchor

Reducing Saddles

Stress

Reducing Saddle

Analysis
stress analysis

support, guide, anchor, loop

stress analysis program CAESAR

Program

(Specifications) ANSI, ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31.1, Factory Mutual
(FM)

Fiberglass Reducing Saddle

Reducing Saddle Bell outlet, Threaded outlet, Socket Outlet

Structural steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel,

aluminum, ductile iron

(hot dip galvanizing)

261

262

ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, ASTM-A36, ASTM-A53, ASTM-A120, ASTM-A123, ASTMA153, ASTM-307, AWS-D1.1, MSS-SP58, MSS-SP69, MSS-SP77, UL203, FM1551,
MFMA-2 ASME American Society of

pipe support design

Pipe Support, Type FT T Post

Design guide for Type FT T Post support

Mechanical Engineers, ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, MSS
Manufacturers Standardization Society, UL Underwriters Laboratories

Size of Steel
Section

FM Factory Mutual

100 x 100 x 12 L
152 x 152 x 23 UC
203 x 203 x 46 UC

600
12
43
115

800
8
29
83

Max Concentric Load (KN)

Height "A"
1200 1500 1800 2000
6
22
18
14
12
63
51
43
39

2200

2400

10
35

9
32

Base Plate

Size of Steel
Section
100 x 100 x 12 L
152 x 152 x 23 UC
203 x 203 x 46 UC

Pipe Shoe
Pipe Support
Pipe Guide
Anchor
Shock Absorber -

Plate
SQ(A)
200
300
400

Plate Thk
(B)
12
15
20

Hole Ctrs
(C)
140
230
320

Hole Dia
(D)
14
22
27

Anchor Bolts

(Lateral movement) guide

(longitudinal movement) anchor
support pipe shoe Pipe support

shock absorber

Hole
Dia (D)
14
22
27

Pipe Support
pipe shoe, guide trunnion

() Iso Drawing

Pipe Support Pipe

Support pipe support drawing

Pipe Rack pipe support
steel structure

pipe rack
Pipe Support
pipe support
project

263

264

Stud Dia
(A)
M12
M20
M24

Stud
Length (B)
160
240
295

Hole Dia
(C)
14
24
32

Hole Depth
(D)
110
145
180

Torque (E)
(Nm)
45
200
350

Pipe Support, Type FU U Frame (Bolted to Concrete)

Design guide for Type FU U Frame(Bolted to Concrete)

Size of Steel Section

L Angle Bar UC C Channel

U Channel Stud Dia M12

Design guide for Type FU U Frame

Span 'A' (m)
0.6

0.9

1.2

80 x 80 x 8 L

2.6

2.1

1.6

1.5

100 x 100 x 12 UC

34

24

16

9.0

152 x 89 CH

52

40

30

24

152 x 152 x 23 UC

80

78

55

43

0.6
12
43
115

Base Plate

Size of Steel
Section
100 x 100 x 12 L
152 x 152 x 23 UC

Pipe Support, Type FU U Frame (Hanging)

Size of Steel
Section

100 x 100 x 12 RSA

152 x 89 CH
152 x 152 x 23 UC

Max Vertical Load (KN) B A

Span "A"
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.0
8
6
29
22
18
14
12
83
63
51
43
39

Plate
SQ(A)
200
300

Plate Thk
(B)
12
15

Stud
Length (B)
160
240

Hole
Dia (C)
14
24

Hole Ctrs
(C)
140
230

Hole Dia
(D)
14
22

Anchor Bolts

1.8

2.0

35

29

Hole
Dia (D)
14
22

265

266

Stud Dia
(A)
M12
M20

Hole Depth
(D)
110
145

Torque (E)
(Nm)
45
200

Pipe Support, Type FA Angle Bracket

Design guide for Type FA Angle Bracket

Size of
Steel Section
50 x 50 x 6 L
80 x 80 x 8 L
100 x 100 x 12 UC
127 x 64 CH
152 x 152 x 23 UC

Pipe Support, Type FC Cantilever Bracket

Design guide for Type FC Cantilever Bracket

Pipe Size
(in)
2
3
4
6
8

Size of Steel
Section
80 x 80 x 8 L
80 x 80 x 8 L
100 x 100 x 12 L
100 x 100 x 12 L
152 x 152 x 23 UC

Dim
(B)
60
75
90
120
155

Dim
(C)
71
103
128
187
238

Hole Dia
(D)
12
14
14
18
18

Max Load
(KN)
1.1
1.1
2.2
2.2
8.9

267

Dim.
A
600
900
1200
1200
1200

Dim.
B
450
600
900
900
900

Dim.
C
315
520
750
750
750

Max. Load
KN
2.2
3.6
8.9
17
25

Refer to standard baseplate drawing if end plate required for bolting to steel/concrete.

268

Pipe Support, Type FL L Bracket

Design guide for Type FL L Bracket

Size of
Steel Section
80 x 80 x 8 L
100 x 100 x 12 L
127 x 64 CH
152 x 152 x 23 UC

Dia
(D)
14
22
27

Stud Dia
(A)
M12
M16
M20

Max. Vertical
Load (KN)
1.8
5.0
9.0
11.7

Stud
Length (B)
160
190
240

D
Dia
14
18
22
22

Drilling
Hole
Hole
Depth
Dia (C)
(D)
14
110
18
125
24
145

Pipe Support, Type FB Base Support ( )

Design guide for Type FB Base Support

Vertical
Member
50 x 50 x 6 L
80 x 80 x 8 L
100 x 100 x 12 L

Torque
(E) (Nm)
45
100
200

300
1.4
2.7
5.5

Height 'A'
450
600
1.1
0.8
2.0
1.6
4.2
3.4
Max. Vertical Load (KN)

750
0.7
1.4
2.9

Cross brace can be welded on site to suit vertical or horizontal pipe.

A 30 x 30 x 10 shear lug may be welded to the pipe so that the bracket acts as a support,
rather than a guide, for vertical pipes.

269

270

Trunnion
NB (in)

Trunnion
'B' Plate
SQ (Ref)

A' SQ

Plate
Thk 'B'

Guide Section

Weight
(kg)

200

350

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

12.9

250

400

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

16.4

300

450

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

20.4

10

350

500

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

24.9

12

450

650

12

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

53.6

14

450

650

15

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

53.6

16

550

750

15

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

75.0

18

550

750

15

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

75.0

20

600

800

15

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

79.0

24

750

900

15

80 x 80 x 8L x 200LG

99.0

Anchor Bolts : Use 4-M12 Bolts

Pipe Support, Type FTG Trunnion Guide

Design guide for Type FTG Trunnion Guide

Trunnion
NB (in)

Trunnion
'B' Plate
SQ (Ref)

A' SQ

Plate
Thk 'B'

Guide Section

Weight
(kg)

1 1/2

150

300

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

9.8

150

300

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

9.8

150

300

12

50 x 50 x 6L x 150LG

9.8

271

272

Pipe Support, Type FSW Welded Pipe Shoe

273

274

Pipe Support, Type FSC Clamped Pipe Shoe

Pipe Support, Type FVB Vessel Mounted Bracket

Note: Use non-grip U bolt configuration for guide.

Pipe Support, Type FVS Vessel Mounted Support

support guide Guide

pipe shoe guide

Support stiffener

- 54KN
- 15KN

275

276



(Small Bore)

(insulation) 4.5kg/m

Pipe
Size (in)

3/4
1
1 1/2
2
Column

277

278

Dimension 'A' (m)

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
a

0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
b

1.1
1.3
1.6
1.8
c

1.3
1.7
2.2
2.4
d

Dimension 'B' (m)

1.8
2.1
2.7
3.0
e

3.7
4.3
5.5
6.1
a

2.9
2.6
3.3
3.6
b

1.5
1.7
2.2
3.7
c

0.4
1.3
1.1
1.2
d

0.4
1.7
2.2
1.2
e

3/4
1
1 1/2
2
Column

(Pipe Shoe Arrangement)

Dimension 'C' (m)

Pipe
Size (in)

1.6
1.7
2.2
2.4
a

0.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
b

1.1
1.2
1.5
0.9
c

1.8
1.1
1.6
1.5
d

1.2
0.9
1.0
1.4
e

Note: To find permissible

overhangs: Match column for
Dimension A with similar column
for Dimension B and Dimension
C.

Hanger Arrangement

clamp

shoe shoe

279

280

Guide Support Bracket (Single Pipe)

Suspended Bracket (Multi Pipes)

281

282

Tee Bracket

Pipe to Pipe Bracket

283

284

Design Data for U-Bolt 'J' and 'H'

Supported
U Bolt Dia. Centre to Centre
Dia. Of
Line Size (in)
(mm)
Drilling (mm)
Drilling (mm)
1/2 and 3/4
6
30/45
8
1
6
41
8
1 1/2
10
60
12
2
10
71
12
3
12
103
15
4
12
120
15
6
16
187
20
8
16
238
20
10
20
295
25
12
20
349
25

285

286

Standard Pipe Support Components

 Nominal Pipe Size

Nominal Pipe Size 100 100 / 25 = 4 15 20
40 80

I Beam
support clamp

287

288

Corrosion Allowance

Schedule (Wall
Thickness)

Nominal Pipe Size

Bare Pipe
(Water Filled)

Up To 175C
Span Weight
M
KG/M

3/4"

40

1.27

3.5

2.95

1"

40

1.27

4.0

4.08

176 To 315C
Span Weight
M
KG/M
*
4.06
3.0
3.5
5.36

Up To 175C
Span
Weight
M
KG/M
3.4

2.04

4.0

3.06

1 1/2"

40

1.27

5.0

6.64

4.5

8.02

5.0

5.37

2"

40

2.54

5.0

9.45

4.5

12.07

5.5

7.60

2 1/2"

40

2.54

6.0

13.83

5.5

16.85

6.0

11.72

3"

40

2.54

6.5

18.50

6.0

21.86

6.5

16.06

4"

40

2.54

7.0

27.58

7.0

31.12

7.0

24.28

6"

40

2.54

9.0

51.22

8.0

58.60

8.5

46.91

pipe support

8"

40

2.54

10.0

81.18

10.0

89.23

10.0

74.83

10"

40

2.54

11.0

118.87

10.5

128.44

11.5

111.20

design

12"

STD

2.54

11.5

157.98

11.5

166.87

12.0

146.87

14"

STD

2.54

12.0

182.78

12.0

192.30

12.5

170.28

16"

STD

2.54

13.0

225.01

12.5

234.86

+ 13.0

211.11

18"

STD

2.54

13.5

271.44

13.0

283.05

+ 13.5

255.80

20"

STD

2.54

14.0

321.74

13.5

333.16

+ 14.0

304.91

24"

STD

2.54

14.5

434.54

14.0

449.57

+ 15.0

415.39

stress analysis

Pipe Support Span

maximum bending stress
6000 psi .

3/4"
1"
1 1/2"
2"

(Ref: http://pipingdesigners.com)
Carbon Steel - Schedule Standard (Sch 40) -

289

290

Pipe + Liquid + Insulation

Corrosion
Allowance

Schedule extra strong double extra strong

Nominal Pipe Size

Schedule (Wall
Thickness)

Pipe + Liquid + Insulation

80
80
80
80

2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54

Bare Pipe
(Water Filled)

Up To 175C
Span
M
3.0
4.0
5.0
5.5

Weight
KG/M
3.39
4.72
7.83
11.24

176 To 315C
Span
M
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.0

Weight
KG/M
4.51
6.16
9.21
14.00

Up To 175C
Span
M
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0

Weight
KG/M
2.48
3.70
6.55
9.40

2 1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"

80
80
80
80
80
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS

2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.54

6.0
7.0
7.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
15.0
16.0

16.25
21.98
33.02
64.00
100.59
137.57
178.52
205.00
250.82
300.77
355.92
474.62

6.0
6.5
7.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
12.5
13.0
14.0
14.5
15.0

1"
1 1/2"
2"
2 1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"

XXS
XXS
XXS
160
160
120
80
80
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS

6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35

4.0
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
7.5
8.5
10.0
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0

6.80
11.42
16.44
19.32
27.25
38.19
64.00
100.59
137.57
178.52
205.00
250.82
300.77
355.92
474.02

3.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.5
7.0
8.0
9.5
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.5
14.0

19.27
25.34
36.56
71.37
108.65
147.11
187.33
214.36
261.14
312.38
368.28
489.20
7.93
12.81
19.21
22.34
30.61
41.73
71.37
108.65
147.11
187.33
214.36
261.14
312.38
368.28
489.20

6.5
7.0
8.0
9.5
11.0
12.0
13.0
13.5
+ 14.0
+ 14.5
+ 15.0
+ 15.5

14.14
19.50
27.74
59.38
94.11
129.74
167.44
193.02
237.31
285.45
338.04
455.58

4.0
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
11.5
12.0
+ 12.5
+ 13.0
+ 14.0
+ 14.5

5.63
10.18
14.60
17.21
24.84
34.97
59.38
94.11
129.74
167.44
193.02
237.31
285.45
338.04
455.58

Recommended Support Spacing for PVC pipe (Ref: PVC Design Guide) -

Bondstrand Fiberglass pipes (Ref: Bondstrand Design Manual)-

Recommended Maximum Support spacing for pipe at 100 F(38 C) and 150 F(66 C)
operating temperatures (Fluid specific gravity = 1.0)

291

292

 ABS PN15 -

()

(Ref: http://www.epco-plastics.com/abs_technical.asp )
NOMINAL BORE

20 C

50 C

()

(Sch: Standard)

(Sch: 80)

60 C

SPACING GIVEN IN METRES

3/8"

0.80

0.50

0.40

1/2"

1.00

0.80

0.60

3/4"

1.10

0.80

0.70

1"

1.20

0.90

0.80

1.1/4"

1.30

1.00

0.80

1.1/2"

1.40

1.10

0.90

2"

1.60

1.20

0.90

2.1/2"

1.70

1.40

1.00

3"

1.80

1.50

1.00

4"

2.20

1.80

1.10

5"

2.30

1.90

1.20

6"

2.50

2.00

1.30

A = 1.5 x Dia of Elbow (DN)

8"

B = A (OD/2)
C = A + (OD/2)

PN15

D = Degree of Fitting required

PRESSURE RATING
CORRECTION FACTORS

K = Constant () = 0.01746
L1 = D x C x K

PN 4.5 PN 6 PN 9 PN 12.0
0.63

0.71

0.88

L2 = D x A x K

0.92

PN15 ABS .
PN4.5 . x .
= .

L3 = D x B x K
L4 = A x 2 x Sin (D/2)

www.engin-

eeringtoolbox.com

Dummy Support

Dummy Support

293

294

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 1

Dummy Support (Centre Line)

(Support Pipe)
(vertical pipe line)

H1 = (2D)2 - (1.5D + R2 )2

H2 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (1.5D + R2A )2

H3 = (2D - C 1 )2 - (1.5D)2

H4 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (1.5D R2A )2

H5 = (2D)2 - (1.5D R2 )2
D = Outside Diameter of Elbow
R1 = Outside Radius of Elbow = D / 2

1 = 5 = 2D
2 = 4 = 2D C3
3 = 2D C1
6 = 1.5D

C 1 = R1 -

(R1 )2 - (R2 )2

C 2 = R1 -

(R1 )2 - (0.9239xR2 )2

C 3 = R1 -

(R1 )2 - (0.707xR2 )2

C 4 = R1 -

(R1 )2 - (0.3827xR2 )2

R2 = Inside Radius of Support Pipe = Inside Diameter of Support Pipe / 2

R2A = R2 x Cos 45 = R2 x 0.707

L1 = H5 H1
L2 = H5 H2
L3 = H5 H3
L4 = H5 H4 H1, H2, H3, H4 H5

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 2

Dummy Support (Bottom

Surface) (Support Pipe)

( )

(vertical pipe line) support pipe

support

295

296

Fabrication of Dummy Support Type 3

1 = 5 = 2D

Dummy Support
Type 2

2 = 4 = 2D C3
3 = 2D C1
L1 = H5 H1

D = Outside Diameter of Elbow size (N.P.S)

L3 = H5 H3

t = Wall Thickness of Support Pipe

Dummy Support (Bottom

L4 = H5 H4

R1 = D / 2
R2 = d / 2 ,

Dummy Support Type 3

L2 = H5 H2

d = Inside Diameter of Support Pipe

Surface) (Support Pipe)

()

R2A = 0.707 x R2

C1 = Cutback (First), C 1 = R1 -

(R1 )2 - (R2 )2

C3 = Cutback (Third), C 3 = R1 -

(R1 ) - (R2A )

(vertical pipe line) support pipe

support
2

D = Outside Diameter of Elbow size (N.P.S)

H1 = (2D)2 - (2D - t)2

d = Inside Diameter of Support Pipe

H2 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (2D - t + R 2A - R 2 )2

t = Wall Thickness of Support Pipe

H3 = (2D - C1 ) - (2D - t - R 2 )

H4 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (2D - t R2 - R2A )2

2

H5 = (2D) - (2D - t d)

1 = 5 = 2D

R2 = d / 2 ,

3 = 2D C1

R2A = 0.707 x R2

C1 = Cutback (First), C 1 = R1 -

C3 = Cutback (Third), C 3 = R1 -

297

298

L2 = H5 H2
L3 = H5 H3

R1 = D / 2

2 = 4 = 2D C3

L1 = H5 H1

(R1 )2 - (R2 )2
(R1 )2 - (R2A )2

L4 = H5 H4

H1 = (2D)2 - (1.5D - R1 + t + d)2

H2 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (1.5D - R1 + t + R2 + R2A )2

H3 = (2D - C1 )2 - (1.5D - R1 + t + R2 )2

(Plumbing)

H4 = (2D - C 3 )2 - (1.5D - R1 + t + R2 - R2A )2

H5 = (2D)2 - (1.5D - R1 + t)2

()

(LP Licensed Plumber)






Plumbing Code, Sanitary Code

299

300

(Leaks)

(Water Meters)

( = )
()

3/16

1/8

1/16

1/32

(Master Valves)

(Water Pressure)
(Water Hammer)
4 bar (45 to 60psi)

water hammer

water hammer
bracket

301

302


sealing tape (

( / )

PTFE Tape)

(Basic Water Supply and Water Distribution System)

(Pipe Selection)
(Stainless Steel Pipe)

(Galvanized Steel Pipe) (Copper Tubing) (PVC,

CPVC, ABS, PE, PP, PEX, PEX-AL-PEX) (Cast Iron Pipe),

CPVC

x = /

(Amount of water to be supplied)

x = /

(Water Pressure)

. x = /

(Corrosion factor)

. x = . /

(Cost)

x = /

(Avalability)

. x = . /

(Pipe Size Selection)

( = + = + = +
= . + = + = . )

= /

(Water Pressure and friction loss through the length of the pipe)

simultaneous Use

Factor factor

(Number and kinds of fixtures installed)

( -
)
(Numbers of fixtures in use at a given time)


()

Table of Simultaneous Use Factor

Number of Fixtures

Percent of Simultaneous use

1 5 ( )

100 (( ) x 12.75)

6 50 ( )

50 (( ) x 0.56)

51 or more

(Ref: Plumbing, Pipe Fitting and Sewerage : FM 3-34.471, Aug, 2001)

303

304

50 (( ) x 0.56) = 50 ((8-1)x0.56) = 46.08 - 46.08

- ( )

0.46

( / =
)

- 165 x 0.46 = 75.9 /

45 psi

/

()

Pipe Sizes for Water Distribution Design

(
)
- ( )
( / =
)

305

306

 - ( )
( / =
)

- ( )
( / =
)
- ( )
( / =
)

307

308

 (Allowance for Equivlent Length of Pipe for Friction Loss Valve and

(Allowance for Equivlent Length of Pipe for Friction Loss Valve and

Threaded Fittings)

Threaded Fittings) ()

Friction Loss Using a Fairy Smooth Pipe (Example)

309

310

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Friction Loss, Fairy Rough Pipe

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Friction Loss, Rough Pipe

311

312

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Head (in psi per 100 feet)

Friction Loss, Smooth Pipe

Friction Loss, Fairy Smooth Pipe

313

314

 (Installation)

(Sanitary Sewer and Drains)

Cast Iron Soil Pipe

CPVC ABS

(Gate valve)

(Hydrotesting)

(



)

Drain Fixture Units (DFU)

(ppm)

( 1 m )

( 1 m )

( 1 m )

Fixture

DFU Unit Values

3
3

ppm parts per million 100 ppm

0.01%

Ref:
Plumbing, pipe fitting and
Sewerage

3 ft/sec

x =

x =

x =

x =

x =

x =

315

316

A B C

" ()

Horizontal Sanitary Drain Capacity (in DFUs)
Size of Pipe
(inches)

Slope (inches per foot)

1/8

1/4

1 1/2

6*

15 **

18 *

* No water closet will

discharge into a pipe
smaller than 3 inches.

84

96

** No more than two

162

216

water closets will

300

450

discharge into any 3 inch

990

1392

10

1800

2520

12

3084

4320

horizontal branch house

drain of house sewer.

(Vent Pipes)

317

Fixture

Minimum Size of Vent (inches)

318

(Marine Piping System)

Water Closet plumbing detail

Fuel System, Lub Oil System, Fire Water System,
Sea Water Cooling System, Vent and Sound System, Ballest System, Sewage
System, Potable Water System, Bilge System, Compressed Air System, Heating,
Ventilation and Air System, Halon System, CO2 System



Tank
Frame No..

319

320

 -
- ()

Classification Societies, Statutory Bodies and Codes for Piping

(
( )
)

- () Classification Societies () Statutory Bodies
Classification Society
Classification Society Name

Abbreviation

Country of Origin

American Bureau of Shipping

ABS

USA

Lloyds Register of Shipping

LRS

UK

Det Norske Veritas

DNV

Norway

B: Forward Diesel Generator Room, Engine Room workshop

Bureau Veritas

BV

France

C: Engine Casing

Germanischer Lloyd

GL

Germany

D: PEM room, Converter rooms, Motor generator rooms

Nippon Kaiji Kyokai

NKK

Japan

Key:
A: AFT Diesel Generator room, Main switchboard room, Transformer room,
Incinerator room,

E: Compressor Room

Statutory Bodies

F: Purifiers Room

(safety) (construction) (design)

G: Engine control room

H: Emergency diesel generator room

J: CO2 room

- IMO
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea)

- ()

MARPOL (Prevention of Marine

Pollution)

321

322

Statutory Bodies
Name

Abbreviation

Country of Origin

International Maritime Organisation

IMO

International

Norwegian Maritime Directorate

NMD

Norway

Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

NPD

Norway

Danish Maritime Authority

DMA

Denmark

Health and Safety Department

HSE

UK

Department of Energy

UK Den

UK

Department of Transport

DOT

UK

Canada Oil and Gas Drilling Regulation

COGLA

Canada

Danish Energy Agency

DEA

Denmark

US Coast Guard

USCG

USA

Design pipe pressure, choice of

material type, method of
manufacture, surface coating

Classification
Societies, Statutory
Bodies

Select appropriate
material, standard size

Codes

(Marine Piping Systems)

(Common Marine System)

(Codes) ()

(Offshore System)
(Emergency System)

code

() (Shipboard Utility Uses)

Name

Abbreviation

Country of Origin

American Society for Testing and Material

ASTM

USA

- (Fuel Oil System) (Lube

American National Standard Institute

ANSI

USA

Oil System) (Engine Cooling System)

American Petroleum Institute

API

USA

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME

USA

Japanese Industrial Standard

JIS

Japan

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA

USA

British Standard

BS

UK

() (Domestic Uses)

(Sewage

System) (Potable Water System)

Name

Abbreviation

Country of Origin

Mud Process System, Drilling Water System

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE

USA

German Industrial Standards

DIN

Germany

(Firemain System), (Sprinkler

International Standards Organisation

ISO

International

System), (CO2 System), (Bilge System)

323

324


(Pipe Material)


Carbon Steel Engine Cooling System

Stainless Steel High Pressure Instrumentation System

Alloy Steel Chemical System

Copper Domestic Fresh Water System

Copper Nickel Seawater System

Fiberglass Pipe Ballast System

High Pressure Rubber Hydraulic System

()

(Raw Pipes) Black
Pipe - (inside
fuel oil tanks) black pipe
(Blasted and Painted Pipes)
(Galvanised pipe)
- Seawater System

Bilge Piping
Piping System ()

Check Valve

Oily Water Separator

Non
Return Valve

Oily Water Separator

- Bilge System

- -

325

326


Ballast Piping System
(trim and stability)
(draft)

Ballast Tank

Ballast piping system

(Ballast pump)
seachest

suction manifold
- -

Ballast pump Bilge pump

)
Fire Fighting System (
(

Fire Main System, CO2 System Sprinkler

System - -

Fire Main System (

()

seachest

(Isolation Valve)

CO2 System (
( )
-

fire damper

- Bilge System (Schematic)

327

328

Connect to other
Ballast Tank

- Ballast System (Schematic)

- Ballast System

329

330

 - Fire Main System

- Fire Main System (Schematic)

331

332

 Sprinkler System (
()

vent head

Fire Main
fire main
(flow switch)
(control panel)

Sprinkler system fire main system alarm check valve
Sprinkler system fire main system
alarm check valve Sprinkler system

Sound Pipe

free board deck

(striking plate)




quick acting self closing valve

(small test clock)
Sanitary System (
(
)

Vent and Sound System (

( )






daily service tank
(cross sectional area)
(filling pipe) .

(fresh water)

(compressed air)
(flushing control valves)
Deck Drainage System
System (
()
bilge

- ( x ) = . - ( x .) = .

holding tank

MARPOL bilge

Cross sectional area of filling pipe = r 2

= . x .

holding tank

= .
= . x . = .

-

Cross sectional area = r

r=
r=

Cross sectional area

15.91

= 2.25"

check valve

. x = .

isolation valve Isolation Valve

- -

333

334

 - Sanitary System (Schematic)

- Vent and Sound System (Schematic)

335

336

 - Deck and Drain System

Sanitary Drainage System (
()
sewage holding tank

sewage holding tank
grease interceptor

MARPOL Discharge station

- Deck and Drain System (Schematic)

337

338

 Draft and Tank Gauge System (

()





hydrostatic pressure ()
-
Engine Cooling System (
( )

(Sea Water Cooling System)

(engine heat exchanger)
(heat exchanger)

-

(Fresh
(Fresh Water Cooling System)





(oil
cooler)

(engine

head),

(engine block)
(heat exchanger)

water maker (distiller)

distiller

- Sanitary Drainage Piping System

339

340

 - Tank and Draft Gauging System

- Engine Cooling Piping System

341

342



(Fuel
(Fuel Oil System)
(main engine) (auxiliary
engine)
(port),
(starboard) filling station (Fuel Oil Tank)
-
(fuel oil transfer pump)
daily service tank, fuel oil setting tank

(
()

(Lubrication
(Lubrication Oil System)
(Lube oil supply system) (Dirty
oil drain system)

(Lube Oil Tank) (Lube oil transfer
pump)
-

(Dirty Oil Tank)
MARPOL station



(Engine
(Engine Exhaust System)




(spark arrester), (silencer)

(expansion bellow)

- Fuel Oil Piping System

343

344

 - Engine Exhaust Piping System

- Lube Oil Piping System

345

346


(Compressed
(Compressed Air System)


Service Air ( )
Control Air ( )
Starting Air ( )
- Service Air



Control Air fire damper, tank gauging system instrument control
-
Starting Air

(Air Compressor)
(air filter and air dryer) (air receiver)
service air

(emergency generator) air compressor
emergency air receiver emergency




(Potable
(Potable Water System)

- -

(pressure set tank)

U.V. Sterilizer


Water Maker (distiller)

- Compressed Air System

347

348


(Hydraulic
(Hydraulic System)


- -

(pressure control valve)

(flow control valve) Actuator

( Refrigerant System)

(freezer room)
Air Handling Unit (Air cond ducts)
Air handling unit
- -


(Steam Heating System)

- -
(boiler) space heater equip
ment heating coil
(steam condensate)

(Tank)
(deck)
(water tight bulkhead ) (non-water
tight bulkhead )

- Potable Water System

349

350

 - Refrigerant System

- Hydraulic System

351

352


(Water
(Water Tight Bulkhead)

penetration piece

penetration piece






(penetration piece)

- Steam Heating System

(Penetration
(Penetration Pieces)

353

354


(Painting)

non-watertight

bulkhead

penetration

piece

penetration

piece

(hot dip galvanised)
(de-greasing) (acid
pickling) (galvanising)


() (pre-fabrication in workshop)
(field joints)
cold galvanise

(Non

(NonNon-Water Tight Bulkhead)

355

System

Colour

System

Colour

Steam

Silver

Compressed Air

Salmon Pink

Condensate

Orange

Bilge

Black

Heavy Fuel Oil

Dark Brown

CO2 Fire Fighting

Red

Diesel Oil

Light Brown

Refrigeration

White

Lubricating Oil

Canary Yellow

Fire Fighting

Full Red

Feed Water

Orange

Deck Wash

Full Red

Cooling Water

Green

Hydraulic Line

Brown

Ballast Sea Water

Grass Green

Vent and Sound

Brown

Fresh Water

Oxford Blue

356

Penetration Piece of Steel Pipe For Deck and Bulkhead (JIS)

Sleeve for Steel Pipe (#80)

Note: 1) The material of double plate shall be the same grade as hull structure,
except general part.
2) The thickness of Doubler Plate (T1) must not be less than the thickness of
hull structure (T), (T1 T)
3) Doubler Plate shall be marked with N.P *N.D*.

357

358

Sleeve for Steel Pipe (#60)

Sleeve for Stainless Steel

359

360

 QC
(Duties and Responsibilities of a QC)

Piping Specification

(Quality Control)

(fabricating) GA Drawing, P&ID Drawing

Iso Drawing

()

pressure gauge

(Welding Procedure Specification)

QC (Quality Control)

ITR (Inspection And Test Record) ITP (Inspection and Test Plan)
Inspection Report

QA / QC Engineering

Pipe Spec.


heat no.
Spool Fit Up spool Iso Drawing

Dimension Fit Up Inspection

Fit-up inspection
Joint

QC Inspection
and Test Plan Owner Contractor
QC

QC

visual inspection
spool NDT Test NDT Test
(MPI, Ultra Sound, Penetrant Test, X-Ray etc.)
Galvanise () spool galvanise
galvanise
spool hydro test Test Package
Inspector

Hydro Test Torque Wrench Cert. Pressure Gauge

calibration certificate blind flange certificate

Pressure Recorder recorder calibration cert.

test package

QC

Hydro Test witness

Pressure / Temperature Recording Graph Test Pack

Chemical cleaning cleaning section

(Certificate)

361

362

 Hydro Test / Air Test

Hand Over

Test Pre Test Punch List

Flange Vent drain valve

owner

Pipe Support Pipe Support

drawing

supervisor

QC

Punch List clear Hydro Test Air
Test

Testing Post Hydro Test Punch List

Test Temporary Blind Flange

Pressure Gauge vent drain

Test
Flushing
Flushing Inspector


Box Up
Tie In Tie In

P & ID Drawing P & ID Drawing

As Built



As Built

- Welder Certificate

363

364

 Fit Up Inspection
- Mill Certificate

365

366

 Blasting And Painting Request

Visual Inspection

367

368

 Inspection Request

NDT MPI Inspection

369

370

 Work Completion Form

NDT X Ray Inspection

371

372

 Test Pack

- Test Package

- Test Package Cover

373

374

 - Drawing List

- Check List

375

376

 - Hydro Test
- Hydro Test

377

378

 - Hydro Test
- Test Pack Specification

379

380

 - Hydro Test
-

381

382

 - Hydro Test

-
(Job Completion Form)

383

384

 - Reinstatement Checklist (After Hydro Test)

- Pre-Hydro Test Check List

385

386



(Piping Design)

Piping Codes and Standards
Piping Design Engineer Piping Codes
and Standards Piping Codes and Standards

Piping Codes and Standards

- Punch List

Piping Codes and Standards

code standard

387

388

Piping Codes

Piping Codes

ASME B31

code ASME B31
Project B31 ASME B31 Standard Code for Pressure Piping

Piping Standrads

Piping Standards

Codes and Standards
ASME,
ASTM, API web site
ASME Codes and Standards
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME)




ASME Codes and Standards
Code Standard


code ASME Boiler and Pressure

American National Standards Committee B31

ASME Code for Pressure Piping B31 Committee

ANSI

ASME
(American

National

Standards Institute)

ASME B31
ASME B31.1

Power Piping

USAS B31.2

Fuel Gas Piping

ASME B31.3

Process Piping

ASME B31.4

Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid

Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohol

ASME B31.5

Refrigeration Piping

ASME B31.8

Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping System

ASME B31.9

Building Services Piping

ASME B31.11

Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

ANSI Codes and Standards

Vessel Code

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) American

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Standards Association (ASA)

- Power Boilers

United Stated of America Standards Institute (USASI) ANSI

- Material Specifications

- Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components

- Heating Boilers

Organization for Standardization)

- Nondestructive Examination

(ISO

International

ANSI

- Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

- Recommended Rules for Care of Power Boilers

- Pressure Vessels

(Safety)
ANSI Standards

- Welding and Brazing Qualifications

- Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

A13.1-96

- Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Components

389

390

Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems

A112.1.2-91

Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems

B16.36-96

A112.6.1M-88

Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use

B16.38-85

A112.18.1M-96

Plumbing Fixture Fittings

A112.19.IM-94

Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures

B16.39-86

A112.19.3M-87

Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (designed for residential use)

B16.40-85

A112.21.1M-91

Floor Drains

A112.21.2M-83

Roof Drains (revision of ANSI A112.21.2-1971)

A112.36.2M-91

Cleanouts (revision of ANSI A112.36.2-1983)

AG-1-94

Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treatment

B1.1

Unified Inch Screw Threads

B1.20.1-83

Pipe Threads General Purpose (Inch)

B1.20.3-76

Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch)

Orifice Flanges
Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution (manually operated,
NPS 2 12 to 12, 125 psig maximum) (R1994)
Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions; Classes 150, 250, and 300
Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas
Distribution Systems (R1994)

B16.41-83

Functional Qualification Requirements for Power-Operated Active

Valve Assemblies for Nuclear Power Plants (R1989)

B16.42-87

Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings; Classes 150 and
300 (R1997)

B16.44-95

Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House Piping

Systems

B16.1-89

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.45-87

Cast Iron Fittings for Solvent Drainage Systems

B16.3-92

Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 150 and 300

B16.47-96

Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60

B16.4.92

Cast Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250

B18.2.1-96

B16.5-96

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.9-93

Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt- Welding Fittings

B18.2.2-87

Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

B16.10-92

Face-To-Face and End-To-End Dimensions of Valves

B18.2.3.1M-79

Metric Hex Cap Screws (R1995)

B16.11-96

Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

B18.2.3.2M-79

Metric Formed Hex Screws (R1995)

B16.12-91

Cast Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings

B18.2.3.3M-79

Metric Heavy Hex Screws (R1995)

B16.14-91

Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with Pipe Threads

B18.2.3.4M-84

Metric Hex Flange Screws (R1995)

B16.15-85

Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250

B18.2.3.5M-79

Metric Hex Bolts; Errata-May 1981 (R1995)

B16.18-84

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings (R1994)

B18.2.3.6M-79

Metric Heavy Hex Bolts (R1995)

B16.22-95

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

B18.2.4.1M-79

Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1 (R1995)

B16.23-92

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings

B18.2.4.2M-79

Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2 (R1995)

B16.24-91

Bronze Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings; Classes 150 and 300

B18.2.4.3M-79

Metric Slotted Hex Nuts (R1995)

B16.25-97

Butt-Welding Ends

B18.2.4.4M-82

Metric Hex Flange Nuts (R1993)

B16.26-88

Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

B18.2.4.5M-79

Metric Hex Jam Nuts (R1990)

B16.28-94

Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

B18.2.4.6M-79

Metric Heavy Hex Nuts (R1990)

B16.29-94

Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage

B18.5-90

Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)

Fittings

B18.5.2.1M-81

Metric Round Head Short Square Neck Bolts (R1995)

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings for Solvent Drainage

B18.5.2.2M-82

Metric Round Head Square Neck Bolts (R1993)

Systems

B18.15-85

Forged Eyebolts (R1995)

Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping

B18.18.1M-87

Inspection and Quality Assurance for General Purpose Fasteners

Systems up to 125 psig (sizes 12 through 2)

B18.18.3M-87

Inspection and Quality Assurance for Special Purpose Fasteners

ValvesFlanged, Threaded, and Welding End

B18.18.4M-87

Inspection and Quality Assurance for Fasteners for Highly

B16.32-92
B16.33-90
B16.34-96

Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series) Including Hex
Cap Screws and Lag Screws; Supplement 1318.2.1

391

392

Specialized Engineered Applications (R1993)

B18.21.1-72

Lock Washers (Inch Series)

B18.21.2M-94

Lock Washers (Metric Series)

B18.22M-81

Metric Plain Washers (R1990)

Jacketed
B16.21-92

ASTM
ASTM Codes and Standards

B18.22.1-65

Plain Washers

B32.5-77

Preferred Metric Sizes for Tubular Metal Products Other than Pipe

B32.6M-84

Preferred Metric Equivalents of Inch Sizes for Tubular Products

Other than Pipe (revision of ANSI B32.6-1977) (R1994)

B36.10M-96

(Chemical composition), (Tensile Strength)

Glossary of Terms Used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in

(Bending properties)

MFC-6M-87

Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Vortex Flow Meters

MFC-7M-87

Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturi

Cleaning of Fluid Systems and Associated Components for

Vol 01.01,
Vol 03.03, Vol 08.04

Self-Operated and Power-Operated Safety-Related Valves

Section 1: Iron and Steel Products

Functional Specification Standard, Reactor Plants and Their

Volume 01.01 SteelPiping, Tubing, Fittings

Maintenance (R 1992)
NQA-1-1997

Quality Assurance Program Requirements for Nuclear Facilities

TDP-1-85

Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Water Damage to

Steam Turbines Used for Electric Power Generation (Fossil)
Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Water Damage to
Steam Turbines Used for Electric Power Generation

B31 Guide-77

Corrosion Control for ANSI B31.1, Power Piping Systems

B31 Guide-91

Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded

Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type

1003-93

Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing Valves

1037-90

Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices

Volume 03.03 Non destructive Testing

Section 4: Construction
Section 5: Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels

Section 8: Plastics
Volume 08.04 Plastic Pipe and Building Products
Section 9: Rubber
Section 10: Electrical Insulation and Electronics
Section 11: Water and Environmental Technology
Section 12: Nuclear, Solar, and Geothermal Energy

(Flusho meters) for Plumbing Fixtures

Performance Standard and Installation Procedures for Aluminum
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe with End Cap Components
B16.20-93

Section 3: Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures

Section 7: Textiles

Vacuum Breakers

1045-87

Section 2: Nonferrous Metal Products

Section 6: Paints, Related Coatings, and Aromatic

Pipelines (a supplement to ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping)

1001-88

ASTM Standards
(67 volumes)

Nuclear Power Plants

TDP-2-85

Nozzles (R1992)

N278.1-75

and verifying characteristics)

Pipes

N45.2.1-80

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

(Determining

Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe B36.19M-85

Stainless Steel Pipe (revision of ANSI B36.19)

MFC-1M-91

Non-metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges Ring Joint, Spiral-Wound and

393

Section 13: Medical Devices and Services

Section 14: General Methods and Instrumentation
Section 15: General Products, Chemical Specialties, and End Use Products
Section 00: Index

394

 ASTM
ASTM International Standards for Steel Pipes, Tubes and Fittings

A358 - A358/A358M-98 - Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic

ASTM Standards (
)

ASTM Standards Section 1: Iron and

Steel Products, Volume 01.01, SteelPiping, Tubing, Fittings

(January 2002 updated.)

Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

A369 - A369/A369M-92 - Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged
and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service
A376 - A376/A376M-98 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for HighTemperature Central-Station Service
A377 - A377-99 - Index of Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe
A409 - A409/A409M-95ae1 - Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic
Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service

Steel Pipes

A426 - A426-92 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe

A53 - A53/A53M-99b - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, ZincCoated, Welded and Seamless

for High-Temperature Service

A451 - A451-93 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe

A74 - A74-98 - Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

for High-Temperature Service

A105/A105M-01 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping

A523 - A523-96 - Specification for Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-

Applications

Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits

A106 - A106-99e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-

A524 - A524-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and

Temperature Service

Lower Temperatures

A126 - A126-95e1 - Specification for Grey Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and

A530 - A530/A530M-99 - Specification for General Requirements for Specialized

Pipe Fittings

Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe

A134 - A134-96 - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes

A648 - A648-95e1 - Specification for Steel Wire, Hard Drawn for Pre-stressing

NPS 16 and Over)

Concrete Pipe

A135 - A135-97c - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe

A674 - A674-95 - Practice for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe for

A139 - A139-96e1 - Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4

and Over)

Water or Other Liquids

A691 - A691-98 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-

A182 - A182/A182M-99 - Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges,

Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures

A694 - A694/A694M-00 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe

A252 - A252-98 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles

Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

A312 - A312/A312M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic

A716 - A716-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

Stainless Steel Pipes

A733 - A733-99 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and

A333 - A333/A333M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for LowTemperature Service

Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples

A742 - A742/A742M-98 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated and Polymer

A335 - A335/A335M-99 - Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for

Pre-coated for Corrugated Steel Pipe

High-Temperature Service

A746 - A746-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe

A338 - A338-84 (1998) - Specification for Malleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and

A760 - A760/A760M-99 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated

Valve Parts for Railroad, Marine, and Other Heavy Duty Service at

for Sewers and Drains

Temperatures Up to 650F (345C)

A761 - A761/A761M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Structural Plate, Zinc-

395

396

Coated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches

A929 - A929/A929M-97 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-

A762 - A762/A762M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Pre-

Dip Process for Corrugated Steel Pipe

coated for Sewers and Drains

A930 - A930-99 - Practice for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrugated Metal Pipe

A790 - A790/A790M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic

Stainless Steel Pipe

Used for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits

A943 - A943/A943M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic

A796 - A796/A796M-99 - Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe,

Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried

Stainless Steel Pipes

A949 - A949/A949M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless

Applications

Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

A798 - A798/A798M-97a - Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel

A954 - A954-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel

Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications

Seamless and Welded Pipe

A807 - A807/A807M-97 - Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Structural Plate

Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications

A972 - A972/A972M-99 - Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Pipe Piles

A978 - A978/A978M-97 - Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated

A810 - A810-94 - Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Pipe Winding

and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers,

Mesh

and Other Special Applications

A813 - A813/A813M-95e2 - Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic

A984 - A984/A984M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Electric-

Stainless Steel Pipe

Resistance-Welded

A814 - A814/A814M-96 (1998) - Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic

A998 - A998/A998M-98 - Practice for Structural Design of Reinforcements for

Stainless Steel Pipe

Fittings in Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other

A849 - A849-99 - Specification for Post-Applied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for
Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

Applications
A999 - A999/A999M-98 - Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and

A861 - A861-94e1 - Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings

Stainless Steel Pipe

A862 - A862/A862M-98 - Practice for Application of Asphalt Coatings to Corrugated

A1005 - A1005/A1005M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End,

Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

Longitudinal and Helical Seam, Double Submerged-Arc Welded

A865 - A865-97 - Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black or Zinc-Coated

A1006 - A1006/A1006M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End,

(Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use in Steel Pipe Joints

Laser Beam Welded

A872 - A872-91 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic

Steel Tubes

Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments

Superheater, boiler and Miscellaneous Tubes:

A885 - A885/A885M-96 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid Fiber
Composite Coated for Corrugated Steel Sewer, Culvert, and Underdrain
Pipe
A888 - A888-98e1 - Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for
Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications
A926 - A926-97 - Test Method for Comparing the Abrasion Resistance of Coating
Materials for Corrugated Metal Pipe

A178 - A178/A178M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel

and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn LowCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A192 - A192/A192M-91 (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler
Tubes for High-Pressure Service

A928 - A928/A928M-98 - Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless

A209 - A209/A209M-98 - Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-

Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal

Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

397

398

A210 - A210/A210M-96 - Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler

and Superheater Tubes

Heater Tubes
A822 - A822-90 (1995) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel

A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic AlloySteel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

Tubing for Hydraulic System Service

A826 - A826/A826M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler,

Stainless Steel Duct Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core

Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

Components

A250 - A250/A250M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-

A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High

Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric

A254 - A254-97 - Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing

Corrosion Resistance

A268 - A268/A268M-96 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and

A908 - A908-91 (1998) - Specification for Stainless Steel Needle Tubing

Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

A953 - A953-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel

A269 - A269-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubing for General Service
A270 - A270-98ae1 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless
Steel Sanitary Tubing
A334 - A334/A334M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and AlloySteel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service
A423 - A423/A423M-95 - Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy
Steel Tubes

Seamless and Welded Tubing

Heateat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
Tubes
A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn LowCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic AlloySteel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
A214 - A214/A214M-96 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel
Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A450 - A450/A450M-96a - Specification for General Requirements for Carbon,

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler,

Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes

A608 - A608-91a (1998) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel
High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength
Low-Alloy Structural Tubing

Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

A498 - A498-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon, Ferritic, and
Austenitic Alloy Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
A851 - A851-96 - Specification for High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed,
Austenitic Steel Condenser Tubes

A632 - A632-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubing (Small-Diameter) for General Service

Structural Tubing
Tubing

A688 - A688/A688M-98 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel

A 500 - A500-99 - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon

Feedwater Heater Tubes

Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

A771 - A771/A771M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic

Stainless Steel Tubing for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components
A778 - A778-98 - Specification for Welded, Unanneled Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubular Products

A501 - A501-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing
A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High
Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric

A789 - A789/A789M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic

Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
A803 - A803/A803M-98 - Specification for Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater

399

Corrosion Resistance
A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength
Low-Alloy Structural Tubing

400

Mechanical Tubing
Tubing

DIN 909:1992 : Hexagon head pipe plugs

DIN 1230-P1:1992 : Vitrified clay for sewerage; special fittings and adapters with

A511 - A511-96 - Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing

A512 - A512-96 - Specification for Cold-Drawn Butt weld Carbon Steel Mechanical
Tubing

flexible mechanical joint and compatible accessories; dimensions

DIN 1389:2001 : WC connectors - Requirements and testing
DIN 1478:1975 : Turnbuckles Made from Steel Tube or Round Steel Bar

A513 - A513-98 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy

DIN 1986-4:2003 : Drainage systems on private ground - Part 4: Fields of

Steel Mechanical Tubing

application of sewage pipes and fittings of different materials

A519 - A519-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical

DIN 1988-3 Beiblatt 1:1988 : Codes of practice for drinking water installations

Tubing

(TRWI); examples for calculation; DVGW code of practice

A554 - A554-98e1 - Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing

DIN 2406:1968 : Pipelines symbols - pipe classes

Welded Fittings
Fittings

DIN 2559-2:1984 : Edge preparation for welding; matching of inside diameter for

A234 - A234/A234M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel

DIN 2559-3:1990 : Preparation of welds; matching of inside diameters for

and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

circumferential welds on seamless pipes

circumferential welds on welded pipes

A403 - A403/A403M-99a - Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel

DIN 2559-4:1994 : Preparation of welds; part 4: matching of inside diameters for

Piping Fittings
A420 - A420/A420M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel
and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service

circumferential welds on seamless pipes of stainless steels

DIN 2609:1991 : Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; technical delivery conditions
DIN 2614:1990 Cement mortar linings for ductile iron and steel pipes and fittings;

A758 - A758/A758M-98 - Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding

application, requirements and testing

Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness

A774 - A774/A774M-98 - Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless
Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate

DIN 2615-1:1992 : Steel butt-welding pipes fittings; tees with reduced pressure
factor
DIN 2615-2:1992 : Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; tees for use at full service

Temperatures

pressure
DIN 2616-1:1991 : Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; eccentric reducers with reduced

DIN - Pipe, Tube and Fittings

Fittings Standards and Specifications

pressure factor

ASTM DIN (Deutsches Institut fr Normung) Standard

DIN 2616-2:1991 : Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; reducers for use at full service
pressure

DIN 2617:1991 : Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; caps

DIN 76-2:1984 : Thread run-outs and thread undercuts for pipe threads

ISO - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards and Specifications

conforming to ISO 228 part 1

DIN EN 259-1:2001 : Wall coverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 1:
Specifications
DIN EN 259-2:2001: Wall coverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 2:
Determination of impact resistance;

ASTM DIN
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ISO

ISO 7-1:1994-05 : Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the

DIN 431:2000 : Pipe nuts with thread according to DIN ISO 228-1

threads - Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation

DIN 906:1992 : Hexagon socket pipe plugs

401

402

ISO 7-2:2000 : Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads

pressure pipes with elastic sealing ring type joints; minimum depths of

Part 2: Verification by means of limit gauges

engagement

ISO 49:1994 : Malleable cast iron fittings threaded to ISO 7-1

ISO 2284:1987 : Hand taps for parallel and taper pipe threads; General dimensions

ISO 228-1:2000 : Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the
threads - Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation

and marking
ISO 2507-1:1995 : Thermoplastics pipes and fittings - Vicat softening temperature

ISO 228-2:1987 : Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the
threads; Part 2 : Verification by means of limit gauges

- Part 1: General test method

ISO 2507-2:1995 : Thermoplastics pipes and fittings - Vicat softening temperature

ISO 264:1976 : Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fittings with plain sockets for

- Part 2: Test conditions for unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) or

pipes under pressure; Laying lengths; Metric series

chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) pipes and fittings and for high

ISO 265-1:1988 : Pipes and fittings of plastics materials; fittings for domestic and
industrial waste pipes; basic dimensions: metric series; part 1:

impact resistance poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-HI) pipes

ISO 2507-3:1995 : Thermoplastics pipes and fittings - Vicat softening temperature

unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U)

ISO 392:1986 : Asbestos-cement pipe fittings for building and sanitary purposes
ISO 580:1990 : Injection-molded unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) fittings;

Part 3: Test conditions for acrylonitrile /butadiene/styrene (ABS) and

acrylonitrile /styrene / acrylic ester (ASA) pipes and fittings

ISO 2531:1998 : Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water

oven test; test method and basic specifications

or gas applications

ISO 727-1:2002 : Fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U),

ISO 2804:1996 : Wire, bar or tube drawing dies - As-sintered pellets of hard metal

chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) or acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene

(ABS) with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Part 1: Metric series
ISO 727-2:2002 : Fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U),
chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) or acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene

(carbide) - Dimensions
ISO 2851:1993 : Stainless steel bends and tees for the food industry
ISO 2852:1993 : Stainless steel clamp pipe couplings for the food industry
ISO 3183-1:1996 : Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipe for pipelines

(ABS) with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Part 2: Inch-based

Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Pipes of requirement class A

series

ISO 3183-2:1996 : Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipe for pipelines

ISO 881:1980 : Asbestos-cement pipes, joints, fittings/sewage/drain

Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Pipes of requirements class B

ISO 1179:1981 : Pipe connections, threaded to ISO 228/1, for plain end steel and

ISO 3253:1998 : Gas welding equipment - Hose connections for equipment for

other metal tubes in industrial applications

welding, cutting and allied processes

ISO 1635-2:1987 : Seamless wrought copper and copper alloy tube

ISO 1651:1974 : Tube drawing mandrels

JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards

ISO 1684:1975 : Wire, bar and tube drawing dies; Specifications

ISO 2016:1981 : Capillary solder fittings for copper tubes; Assembly dimensions
and tests
ISO 2035:1974 : Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) moulded fittings for elastic
sealing ring type joints for use under pressure; Pressure-resistance test
ISO 2044:1974 : Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) injection-moulded solventwelded socket fittings for use with pressure pipe; Hydraulic internal

JIS - Japanese Industrial

Standards

JIS G 3429:1988 : Seamless steel tubes for high pressure gas cylinder
JIS G 3439 : Seamless steel oil well casing, tubing and drill pipe
JIS G 3441:2004 : Alloy steel tubes for machine purposes

pressure test
ISO 2048:1990 : Double-socket fittings for unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U)

403

JIS G 3442:2004 : Galvanized steel pipes for ordinary piping

JIS G 3443:2004 : Coated steel pipes for water service

404

JIS G 3444:2004 : Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes

JIS H 3320:1992 : Copper and copper alloy welded pipes and tubes

JIS G 3445:1988 : Carbon steel tubes for machine structural purposes

JIS H 3401:2001 : Pipe fittings of copper and copper alloys

JIS G 3446:1994 : Stainless steel pipes for machine and structural purposes

JIS H 4080:1999 : Aluminum and aluminium alloys extruded tubes and cold-drawn

JIS G 3447:2004 : Stainless steel sanitary pipes

tubes

JIS G 3448:2004 : Light gauge stainless steel tubes for ordinary piping

JIS H 4090:1990 : Aluminum and aluminium alloy welded pipes and tubes

JIS G 3451:1987 : Fittings of coated steel pipes for water service

JIS H 4202:1998 : Magnesium alloy seamless pipes and tubes

JIS G 3452:2004 : Carbon steel pipes for ordinary piping

JIS G 3454:1988 : Carbon steel pipes for pressure service

ASTM Grades

JIS G 3455:1988 : Carbon steel pipes for high pressure service

Carbon steel pipe dimension ASME B31.10M

JIS G 3456:2004 : Carbon steel pipes for high temperature service

stainless steel pipe dimension ASME B31.19M

JIS G 3457:1988 : Arc welded carbon steel pipes

ASTM standard

JIS G 3458:1988 : Alloy steel pipes

(Chemical composition)

JIS G 3459:2004 : Stainless steel pipes

JIS G 3460:1988 : Steel pipes for low temperature service

grade

JIS G 3465:1988 : Seamless steel tubes for drilling

carbon steel pipe Grade A B Stainless steel pipe

JIS G 3466:1988 : Carbon steel square pipes for general structural purposes

Grade TP304, TP321 ASTM A105N

JIS G 3468, : Large diameter welded stainless steel pipes

N Normalize

JIS G 3469:2002 : Polyethylene coated steel pipes

Normalize ferrous metal internal stress heat treat

JIS G 3471:1977 : Corrugated steel pipes and sections

JIS G 3474:1995 : High tensile strength steel tubes for tower structural purposes
JIS G 3491:2004 : Asphalt protective coatings for steel water pipe

ment
ASTM A106 Grade Stainless steel grade
High Temp. Low Temp. Alloy Steel

JIS G 3492:1993 : Coal-tar enamel protective coatings for steel water pipe
JIS G 4903:1991 : Seamless nickel-chromium-iron alloy pipes

ASTM Grades

JIS G 5201:1991 : Centrifugally cast steel pipes for welded structure

JIS G 5202:1991 : Centrifugally cast steel pipes for high temperature and high

Material

Pipes

Fittings

Flanges

Valves

A106 Gr A

A234 Gr WPA

A105 Gr A

A216 Gr WCB

Carbon Steel A106 Gr B

A234 Gr WPB

A105 Gr B

A216 Gr WCB

A106 Gr C

A234 Gr WPC

A105 Gr C

A216 Gr WCB

A335 Gr P1

A234 Gr WP1

A182 Gr F1

A217 Gr WC1

A335 Gr P11

A234 Gr WP11 A182 Gr F11 A217 Gr WC6

A335 Gr P12

A234 Gr WP12 A182 Gr F12 A217 Gr WC6 A193 Gr B7

Bolts & Nuts

pressure service
JIS G 5525:2000 : Cast-iron drainage pipes and fittings
JIS G 5526:1998 : Ductile iron pipes
JIS G 5527:1998 : Ductile iron fittings
JIS G 5528:1984 : Epoxy-powder coating for interior of ductile iron pipes and
fittings
JIS H 0502:1986 : Method of eddy current testing for copper and copper alloy

Carbon Steel

pipes and tubes

Alloy

JIS H 0515:1992 : Eddy current inspection of titanium pipes and tubes

High-Temp

JIS H 0516:1992 : Ultrasonic inspection of titanium pipes and tubes

JIS H 3300:1997 : Copper and copper alloy seamless pipes and tubes

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A193 Gr B7
A194 Gr 2H

A335 Gr P22

A234 Gr WP22 A182 Gr F22 A217 Gr WC9 A194 Gr 2H

A335 Gr P5

A234 Gr WP5

A182 Gr F5

A217 Gr C5

A335 Gr P9

A234 Gr WP9

A182 Gr F9

A217 Gr C12

Carbon Steel A333 Gr 5

Alloy
Low-Temp

Austenitic
Stainless
Steel

A333 Gr 3

A420 Gr WPL6 A350 Gr LF2 A352 Gr LCB

A420 Gr WPL3 A350 Gr LF3 A352 Gr LC3

A320 Gr L7
A194 Gr 7

A312 Gr TP304A403 Gr WP304A182 Gr F304A182 Gr F304

A312 Gr TP316A403 Gr WP316A182 Gr F316A182 Gr F316 A193 Gr B8
A312 Gr TP321A403 Gr WP321A182 Gr F321A182 Gr F321 A194 Gr 8
A312 Gr TP347A403 Gr WP347A182 Gr F347A182 Gr F347

ASTM
A106 = Carbon steel pipe for high temperature service
A335 = Seamless ferritic alloy - steel pipe for high temperature service
A333 = Seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use low
temperature service
A312 = Seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic
stainless steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive
service
(Fitting) A234 = Wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded
construction
A420 = Wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings for low temperature service
A403 = Wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings

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