Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions

Pre-Lab Study Questions 1. In making pickles, a cucumber is placed in a strong salt solution. Explain what happens. The water molecules from the higher concentration move down the gradient to a area of lower concentration. The water molecules of the cucumber move outward causing the pickling.

2. Why is it important that cell membranes are semipermeable membranes? The membranes must be semi permeable in order to allow certain substances to pass through and keep others out. 3. What is the difference between osmosis and dialysis? Osmosis uses a semi permeable membrane while dialysis uses a differential membrane.

4. How does an artificial kidney separate waste products from the blood? Arterial blood flows from the patient to the dialysis machine that acts as a differentially permeable membrane. Dialysate contains concentrations of all of the components that will remain in the blood without its waste products. The waste flows from the blood to the dialysate faster than they return. The solution returns to the bloo to maintain a proper solute concentration. A. Identification Tests: Use exercise modules 5-7 for this part: Reagent Added Water Control A.1 Cl A.2 Starch A.3 Glucose
AgNO3 sol turns white

Results of Positive Test

no change

Results with

Iodine

sol turns blue

no change no change

Benedict's; heat

sol turns orange

B. Osmosis and Dialysis: Use exercise module 8 for this part: Time Cl present? Starch present? present? 0 minutes No No Yes 20 minutes 40 minutes No Yes Yes No Yes No

Glucos

Contents of dialysis bag

Questions and Problems Q.1 Which substance(s) were found in the water outside the dialysis bag? Cl and glucose Q.2 How did those substance(s) go into the water outside the dialysis bag? Through the process of osmosis

Q.3 What substance(s) were retained inside the dialysis bag? Why were they retained? Starch. It was only a 1% solution and the concentration was much lower than tha of Cl and glucose. C. Filtration--omit

Questions and Problems

Q.4 What is an isotonic solution? A solution having the same solute concentration as the solution in which it is bein compared What is a hypotonic solution? A solution having less solute concentration than the solution in which it is being compared

What is a hypertonic solution? A solution having more solute concentration than the solution in which it is being compared Q.5 State whether each of the following are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic: a. H2O Hypotonic b. 0.9% NaCl c. 10% glucose d. 3% NaCl e. 0.2% NaCl Isotonic Glucose Hypertonic Hypotonic

Q.6 A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink in volume as it undergoes crenation. In a hypotonic solution, a red blood cell will swell and possibly burst as it undergoes hemolysis. Predict the effect on a red blood cell (crenation, hemolysis, or none) that the following solutions would have: a. 2% NaCl Crenation b. H2O Hemolysis

c. 5% glucose d. 1% glucose e. 10% glucose

Crenation Crenation Crenation

Q.7 A parenteral solution is a solution that is injected into the tissues or blood stream, but not given orally. Why are isotonic solutions used as parenteral solutions? Typically one would not want to inject a hypotonic or hypertonic solution into the blood stream in order to avoid crenation or lysis of the blood cells or other tissue cells. An isotonic solution would avoid this and complications from injection.