BI THO LUN NHM III MN IU KHIN T NG

CU HI : TM HIU V CM BIN TIM CN IN DUNG V LAZER

I.KHI NIMCHUNG V CM BIN

L nhng thit b c kh nng cm nhn nhng i lng in v khng in, chuyn i chng thnh nhng tn hiu in ph hp vi thit b thu nhn tn hiu L nhng thit b khng th thiu trong cc h thng t ng ha v sn xut cng nghip

II.CU TO CA CM BIN
B phn bin i tn hiu B phn nhn tn hiu

Tip im thn g m

III.PHN LOI CM BIN

1.theo tn hiu u ra
C 3 dng tn hiu: - Cm bin ON/OFF - Cm bin tng t - Cm bin s Tn hiu s 20 mA Tn hiu tng t 0 Tn hiu 1 ON/OFF

Thi gian

011 010 001 000

Gc quay

2500

Nhit

2.Tn hiu u vo theo tn hiu

-cm bin v tr
-cm bin khi lng,lc -cm bin p sut -cm bin vn tc,gia tc -cm bin nhit -cm bin nng -cm bin lu lng

3.Theo bn cht v cu to
-cm bin quang in -cm bin tim cn in dung -cm bin siu m -camr bin nhit -cm bin tim cn in t -cm bin lazer -cm bin in cm

A.CM BIN TIM CN

Cm bin tim cn
c im: - Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc - Tc p ng cao - u sensor nh c th lp nhiu ni - C th s dng trong mi trng khc nghit.

CC LOI CM BIN TIM CN

-- Loi hnh tr cm ng t +.Cm bin tim cn Cm ng t khong cch di +. Loi hnh tr vi u li +. Loi chng tia hn in --- Loi hnh vung cm ng t: +, Cm bin tim cn loi dp +, Cm bin tim cn loi khong cch pht hin di +, Loi hnh vung c cp +, Loi hnh tr c gic cm

-- Loi in dung: +, Cm bin tim cn loi in dung --B ni chuyn tip: --Hp mi ni:

I.CM BIN TIM CN IN DUNG 1.KHI NIM

- L loi cm bin s dng trng tnh in pht

hin vt th dn in hoc khng dn in -Cm bin s dng vt th dn in hoc khng dn in nh mt cc ca t in. Vt th cng gn cm bin th dung lng ca t in cng cao. -Bn trong cm bin c mch dng ngun DC to dao ng cho cm bin. Cm bin ny s a ra mt dng in t l vi khong cch gia 2 tm cc.

i tng cn pht hin

Nh vy cm bin tim cn in t s c hai trng thi: ON ( khi c vt dn in hoc khng dn in xut hin ), OFF ( khi khng c vt xut hin ).

U
b

Hnh dng cm bin

Cch u dy

 - Khong cch cm nhn t 3 25 mm - Ngun in: 10-40 VDC, 90 250 VAC C th pht hin vt th qua lp cch ly ( khng phi l kim loi ) nh nc trong thng nha, ng thy tinh ( cht lng phi c hng s in mi cao hn v thng ) -Mi trng lm vic phi kh, bi v khi c cht lng trn b mt cm bin, cm bin c th s tc ng nhm - Theo chc nng phn lm hai loi l PNP, NPN

Ch hot ng
-Ch Light On: Khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu
On, khng c vt s cho tn hiu Off - Ch Dark On: Khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu Off, khng c vt s cho tn hiu On

 ng dng caCm bin tim cn

 24V

Mch in iu khin

Start
13 14

Stop

K K

13

CB

K1
14

K1 0V

 sensor

E2CY-C2A

tim cn in

t chuyn pht hin vt th bng nhm ( khng pht hin c st ) vi tin cy cao. Rt d ci t sensor, ch cn n

nt TEACH trn b
khuch i.

B.CM BIN LAZER

1.khi nim: -Laser l ngun sng n sc, chi ln, rt nh hng v c bit l tnh lin kt mnh ( cng phn cc cng pha ). i vi nhng ngun sng khc, bc x pht r l s chng cho ca rt nhiu sng thnh phn c phn cc v pha khc nhau. Cn tia laze, tt c cc bc x cu thnh u cng pha cng phn cc v v vy khi chng cho ln nhau chng to thnh 1 sng duy nht v rt xc nh.

 So snh tia laze vi tia sng thng

 -c im chnh ca tia laze l c bc sng n sc hon ton xc nh, thng lng ln, c kh nng nhn c chm tia rt mnh vi nh hng cao v truyn i trn khong cch ln. -

Cu to cm bin lazer
- Cm bin gm phn t pht laser, phn t cm nhn
v gng. Ngun sng pht ra xuyn qua gng 1 phn v chiu vo i tng. Sng phn hi t i tng s giao thoa vi sng pht ra. Nu cc nh sng trng nhau, th sng giao thoa s c bin gp i bin ban u. Nu sng phn hi lch pha 180 th bin sng giao thoa s bng 0

Cm bin Laser Gng phn x Gng nghing Phn thu Ty theo khong cch t b mt i tng ti cm bin m ta nhn c in p Ux bng 0 hay ln nht.

i tng phn x

24

ng dng ca cm bin lazer

-Cm bin L18 c th pht hin vt th c kch thc
0,03 mm khong cch 80 cm -

Kim tra vic dn keo t xa 1m

Kim tra m bi trn trn b mt chi tit

 - Laser ng dng trong iu tr bnh da liu -Tia sng laser vi cng cao c th ct thp v cc kim loi khc. -My o khong cch bng laser trong qun s l loi thit b quan trng -Rada laser c chnh xc cao hn rada thng thng, c th hng dn hai tu v tr ghp ni chnh xc trn khng gian. My bay chin u bay tm siu thp, nu trang b rada laser c th n chnh xc tt c chng ngi vt, k c ng dy in. Tuy nhin, nhng thit b laser u chu nh hng ca thi tit, tri m hoc ma th khong cch o b gim i nhiu

 -Bom c lp thit b dn ng bng laser v

ui c lp h thng li iu khin s t ng tm kim v nh trng mc tiu. -La bn laser thay th la bn ph thng, o phng v my bay, dng trong my bay phn lc c ln v my bay chin u tnh nng cao -Tia laser cn c dng lm v kh, tuy cha c ph bin.

V d cm bin lazer chut quang

-

 Khng nh chut c (mechanical mouse); dng h thng c_quang to, nng n(tri banh, con quay, a quay,) chuyn i s xoay ca tri banh thnh s di chuyn ca con tr mn hnh. Chut quang (optical mouse) dng Optical Navigtion Technology (tm dch : cng ngh dn ng quang) theo di s di chuyn ca chut.Optical Navigaton Technology s dng mt cm bin quang (optical sensor), h thu knh v ngun pht nh sng n sc (ch yu l LED n sc). Nguyn l hot ng c bn c minh ha nh hnh di

Nguyn l hot ng c bn c minh ha nh hnh di

-

 Trong nh ny, c th nhn thy LED trn y ca chut -

 Chut quang dng mt LED chiu sng mt khu vc ca b mt lm vic, lm l r cch sp xp hin vi ca cc vng sng v cc vng ti ca b mt lm vic.Nhng cu trc ny c phn x vo trong cm bin theo di m thu nhng bc nh b mt tc 1500 nh trn giy hay ln hn

Cu to ca chut quang -Vi cng nguyn l hot ng nh trn; cc nh sn xut chut quang khc nhau s dng cc cng ngh, thit k ring ca mnh thc hin cc khi chc nng nn c nhiu cu trc chut quang khc nhau. Hnh sau cho thy mt khi qut cu trc bn trong ca chut quang. Hnh nhn t trn xung

Bn cha tt c cc phn t ca chut quang

-

 -Hai hnh cho thy cu to bn trong ca chut quang ca hai nh sn xut khc nhau. Chng ta d dng nhn ra nt Scroll (bnh xe mu en) nm gia hai nt bm chut tri v phi ( hai cc mu en c gch trng gia ). Ba nt ny hot ng hon ton ging nh ca chut c. R rng, cu to chut quang rt nh gn hn nhiu so vi chut c, ch mt bn mch nh v mt n ba IC cng h thu knh v LED nh. Chng ta trnh by cu to c bn ca chut quang (xem hnh di_ly t nh sn xut ). Nhng b phn chnh ca chut quang gm: + H thng quang (optical system) + Mt chipset + V (case)

 Bn tri. Trn : nh chp nhn t trn xung bn mch bn trong ca chut Di : ng i ca nh sng t LED_ qua thu knh xung b mt sau phn x ln cm bin. Bn phi. Su hnh u tin : Nhng thnh phn c bn ca chut quang c tho ri nh cui : Cc b phn c bn c lp ghp vi nhau -

H thng quang Ton b h thng quang bao gm : Mt cm bin quang (IC mu en 16 chn trong hnh ); Thu knh (LENS) c thit k c bit (bn phi, hnh th 5 t trn xung) dn hng nh sng t LED chiu sng b mt ri phn x ln trn cm bin.Thu knh c lm bng plastic t bit;

 Mt diode pht nh sng (LED)_hnh th 2 bn phi,trn xung; V mt CLIP ( hnh u tin t trn xung) gi cm bin v LED vi nhau. Cm bin quang s c trnh by chi tit trong mc cm bin quang. y ch gii thiu. Cm bin quang gm ba khi chc nng : mt h thng c nh ( image reading system ), mt b x l tn hiu s, mt giao tip truyn d liu ni tip ( serial interface of data transfer ) T gc xem xt cu trc, mt cm bin quang l mt chip c 16 chn ( cng c s thay i s chn_iu ny khng quan trng), pha di chip c mt vt knh rt nh_l ni cho nh sng phn x t b mt hi t vo trong cm bin x l. Pha trong vt knh l mt camera CMOS n sc ( monochrome CMOS camera ) m chp nhng nh

 ca mt vng b mt hnh vung din tch c mt milimet vung ( din tch ny ty thuc tham s k thut ca cm bin ). -

 IC cm bin nhn pha trn v di y.Hnh bn phi cho thy phn a trn c l en chnh gia. Trong l ny l vt knh nh sng t b mt phn x vo camera CMOS bn trong n Bc nh camera CMOS thu c thng c gi l frame. Frame ca b mt c chia thnh nhng phn nh bng nhau ( gi l quadrate). -

 -nh ( frame ) c chia ra thnh nhng hnh vung nh bng nhau gi l pixel.Hai frame c chp khi chut di chuyn. Vi mi phn nh , gi tri trung bnh ca sng c tnh. Nhng gi tr thch hp c th thay i t 0 n 63 ( cc cm bin khc nhau c lng gi tr m ha cho sng ca cc phn nh l khc nhau), 0 tng ng vi phn ti en nht v 63 ng vi phn nh sng trng nht. Ni chung sng trung bnh ca mi phn nh s c gn mt con s.Nh vy, nh lp ghp bao gm nhiu quadrate c sng khc nhau c thu. Mt quadrate nh th gi l mt pixel. V cng sut phn gii ca chut quang c xc nh bng s pixel trn 1inch ( 1inch=2,54cm )_s pixel ( trn nh ) xc nh c trn mi inch trn b mt ( khng phi trn nh). Cng sut phn gii ca chut quang c gi tt l cpi ( counts per inch ) thay cho dpi ( dots per inch) nh chut thng thng.

 -Cm bin chp ch phn nh ca b mt trong khi con tr mn hnh phi di chuyn trn tru v khng b tr hon. mc ch ny t c, nhng frame ( nh ) lin tip c th c c ca b mt phi khc so vi nhng frame khc trong chui vi khong cch nh. Trong trng hp ny, b mt c chp vi tc t 1500 ti 2300 nh trn mt giy v cho php chut di chuyn vi tc 14inches trn mt giy.

 - trn tp trung vo h thng c nh. B x l tn

hiu s vi s h tr ca ca mt gii thut c bit s x l nhng frame thu c (xem hnh II.8). So snh nhng frame thu c b x l xc nh ln v hng ca s i ch ca chut v bin i d liu ny thnh ta . Phn ln cc cm bin hot ng nh s cp xung ca mt dao ng thch anh tn s 18MHz hay 24MHz. iu ny gii thch cho cng sut ca b x l s thc hin 18 triu php ton trn giy.

 -Cui cng ta c tnh ton c truyn ti my tnh nh giao tip tun t ( sequential interface ). Nhng m hnh cm bin u tin ca chut truyn thng vi my tnh thng qua giao tip PS/2 ( PS/2 interface ) v cn thm b iu khin lm vic vi giao tip USB ( USB interface ). Hin ti vi s ph bin, c s dng rng ri cng tc truyn cao ca USB interface, PS/2 interface sp tr nn li thi. Hu ht nhng chut mi by gi c th kt ni vi my tnh thng qua USB interface v cng km theo mt adaptor ( b thch ng ) lm vic trn PS2 port.