:

- 13748

2011

a:

1. ..........................................
2. ....................................... (Cauchy)
3. ..........................
4. .......................
5. .........
6. ........
7. ...
8. ......................................................................





.

.

.
, ,
,
.
.

F (t, y, , ,.. ( ) ) = 0
,
y(t) y, , ,.. ( ) .

.
F .
t
.
x ,

.

.
:
+
+ y = 1, ( ) + 3ty = 0
y + 2t = 1


, ,
(

 ).
.

(
) .

,
.



.


.


.
.

(t) ( ) (t) + ( ) ( ) (t) + +
(t) (t) + (t)y(t) = g(t)
( t I)
, ,
,
g I
. (t) 0 t I.
I I R ( R -
).
t, I

y(t) ( ).
(Cauchy) .
,
,

.
(
)
( )
( )
( )

 I ( ) ( )
a
( )
.
.
g 0
.
g 0
.

(t) (t) + (t) ( ) (t) + . +
(t) (t) + (t) y (t) = 0

.
n- y (
0)
n- .
, ,. ,
,

.
, ,. ,
,

.

,
.
g
, , (input) ,
(output) .
w: I C :
(t) ( ) (t) + (t) ( ) (t) + +
(t) (t) +
(t)w (t) =
g(t) , ( t I ).
, ,. ,
,

g, f t w(t)
.
Xo
. Xo
.
1. Xo I
.

 2.

I Xo

.

..
, :
= +
=( +w:w
)

( .. Xo
.
(
) :
- , ..
.
.
- , ..

.
- .
.
3. :
- I R , ,. ,
I ( (t)
- I
- , , ,

,
,g
0 , t I)


I R , g I
(t) 0 , t I .
+ y=g
(1)
y.
(1)
p =
r=

+ py = r

(2)

(1) (2) ,
, (2).

.
+ py = 0
(3)
I . y (3)
I y( ) = 0 3
() (3)
y(t) = 0 t I.
(3) .
y

I . (3)
=-p

(4)

P(t) = ( )
(5)
(4)
(
) = C R ln y(t) = -P(t) + C

ln y( ) = - P( ) + C = C ,

ln y(t) = - P(t) + ln y( ),

( )
y(t) = y( )
, t I , (6)

w(t) =

( )

( )

(7)

 (6),

(3). (7) y

(3) :
y(t) = y( )w(t) ;

= ( Cw : C R )
(8)
(3).

w,

- . (8)
y = Cw, C
y = Cw
(3). y (3)
C y = Cw.
. y
(2) y( ) = .
r (2) I , (r = 0),
y=
, .. y ( y = ). r 0
C(t) = ( ) y(t) t C( ) = .
C .
( )
y(t) =
C(t)
(9)
:
=

C+

= -py +

+ py = r

=r

, C( ) = ,
C(t) =
+

+ py =

r.
( )

r(t)dt

(10)

, (10) (9) :
( )
( )
( )
y(t) =
+
r(t)dt
(11)

P(t) =

( )

p = 0 (11)
y(t) =
+

( )

(12)

y
r .

( )
( )
(t) =
r(t)dt
(13)

(3)
0 r 0.
(13) (2),
y (2) :
( )
y(t) =
+ (t) = w(t) + (t) = (t) + (t)
( )
(t) = w(t) =

(3), 2.

(2) y( ) = ,
(t) + p(t)y(t) = r(t), y( ) =
(2)
1).
P(t) = ( )

(t) =

( )

( )

r(t)dt

2).
( )
y(t) =
+ (t) = (t) +

(t)

:

y - y =4t
y(1) = 5.
:
,
( (2)) ,
p(t) = - , r(t) = 4t
1) :
P(t) =
(t) =
t(

( )
( )

= -ln (t){ = - [

( )

r(t)dt =

( )] = -lnt
4tdt = t (

) = t(4t) { = t(4t 4)

2) :
y(t) =

( )

(t) = 5t + t (4t 4) = 4

+t

4tdt ) =