BA 578 Assignment-Sol- due by Midnight (11:59pm) Sunday, June 9th , 2013(Chapters 1, 2 and 3): Total 125 points

True/False (Two points each) Chapter 1 1. An example of a quantitative variable is the telephone number of an individual. FALSE 2. If we examine some of the population measurements, we are conducting a Sample of the population. TRUE 3. An example of a nominal scale variable is the make of a car. TRUE 4. Credit score is an example of a ratio scale variable. FALSE There is no intrinsic Zero. An arbitrary minimum is established. Therefore, it is an interval scale variable. 5. Temperature is an example of an interval scale variable. TRUE There is no intrinsic Zero. One arbitrary Zero is established for Centigrade and another for Fahrenheit. 6. The number of people eating at a local caf between noon and 2:00 p.m. is an example of a discrete variable. TRUE

Chapter2
7. The relative frequency for a class is the frequency of the class divided by the number of classes. FALSE We divide by the total frequency or total number of items not by number of classes. 8. When we wish to summarize the proportion (or fraction) of items in a class we use the relative frequency for that class. TRUE 9. When establishing the classes for a frequency table it is generally agreed that the more classes you use the better your frequency table will be. FALSE We try to follow the 2k rule. Having too many classes is not good. 10. The cumulative distribution function is initially increasing then decreasing. FALSE It is always increasing and becomes flat at the end point. 11. A Histogram is a graphic that is used to depict qualitative data. FALSE Bar Chart is used for qualitative data.

Chapter 3
12. The Median is the measure of central tendency that divides a population or sample into two equal parts. TRUE
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13. If there are 7 classes in a frequency distribution then the fourth class necessarily contains the median. FALSE It depends on the class frequencies 14. The sum of deviations from the mean must be zero. TRUE 15. The median is said to be less sensitive to extreme values. TRUE This statement is a relative statement (implicitly) comparing Median with the other popular measure of central tendency, namely, the Mean. But some students read the statement in absolute terms and answered it wrong although they knew that Median is not sensitive to extreme values. Therefore, I removed this question from grading. 16. The Empirical Rule is used to describe a population that is highly skewed. FALSE It is based on the symmetrical Normal distribution and can be safely applied only for slightly skewed non-Normal distributions. For highly skewed distribution it is not appropriate.

Multiple Choices (each question carries three points): Chapter 1

1. Ratio variables have the following unique characteristic: A. Meaningful order B. An inherently defined zero value C. Categorical in nature D. Predictable 2. Which of the following is a quantitative variable? A. The make of a TV B. The VIN of a car C. The price of a TV D. The rank of a police officer E. The Drivers License Number

3. Which of the following is a categorical or Nominal variable? A. Air Temperature B. Bank Account Balance C. Daily Sales in a Store D. The Social Security Number of a person E. Value of Company Stock

4. Which of the following is not a typical use of inferential statistics? A. Develop forecasts B. Summarize data C. Estimate relationships D. Test assumptions 5. The level of Satisfaction in a Consumer survey would represent a(n) ____________ level of measurement. A. Nominative B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio

Chapter 2 6. A(n) ______ is a graph of a cumulative distribution.

A. Histogram B. Bar Chart C. Ogive plot D. Pie Chart 7. When developing a frequency distribution the class (group), intervals must be A. Large B. Small C. Whole numbers D. Mutually exclusive E. Equal Although having equal intervals (or nearly equal intervals) is generally desirable, it is not necessary and not even appropriate in some applications. For example, in Income distribution the classes are arbitrarily formed and are generally unequal. Similarly many distributions have the lowest and/or highest class with open bounds which make these class intervals different from other classes. 8. If there are 60 values in a data set, how many classes should be created for a frequency histogram? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 E. 8

Just apply the 2k rule for question 8. 9. Consider the following frequency distribution from Excel. What is the missing value? Bin 584 1774.4 2964.8 4155.2 5345.6 More A. B. C. D. E. 3 10 15 16 25 Frequency 1 4 3 1 1 Cumulative % 4.00% 64.00% 80.00% 92.00% 96.00% 100.00%

10. A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers with the resulting frequency distribution shown below: Class Interval Frequency 20 to 25 8 25 to 30 12 30 to 35 28 35 to 40 20 40 to 45 6 45 to 50 6 What is the cumulative relative frequency (%) of the third class interval? A. 28 B. 35 C. 60 D. 48 E. 40 11. A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers with the resulting frequency distribution shown below: Class Interval Frequency
20 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 35 8 6 5 4

35 to 40 40 to 45 45 to 50

10 15 6

What would be the approximate shape of the relative frequency histogram? A. Skewed to the left B. Uniform C. Multiple peak D. Symmetrical E. Skewed to the right (You can visualize it by drawing the histogram)
16 14 12 10 8 Frequency 6 4 2 0 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50

It is not multiple-peak as some students have answered. The second highest peak has 33% less frequency than the highest peak. I recommend that we do not call a distribution multiple- peak unless there are several peaks with a difference of less than 5% from the highest peak. But the book gives a confusing rule about this.

Chapter 3
12. In a statistic class, 10 scores were randomly selected with the following results obtained: 75, 74, 77, 77, 71, 70, 65, 78, 67, and 66. What is the variance? A. 21.40 B. 23.78 C. 4.88
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D. 4.63 E. 214.00

X 75 74 77 77 71 70 65 78 67 66 720

X (X-bar)

(X-Xbar)2

3 2 5 5 -1 -2 -7 6 -5 -6 0

9 4 25 25 1 4 49 36 25 36 214

s2x = 214 / (10 1) = 23.78

sx = 23.78 = 4.88

13. According to a survey of the top 10 employers in a major city in the Midwest, a worker
spends an average of 413 minutes a day on the job. Suppose the standard deviation is 26.8 minutes and the time spent is approximately a normal distribution. What are the times that approximately 99.73% of all workers will fall? A. [387.5 438.5] B. [386.2 439.8] C. [372.8 453.2] D. [359.4 466.6] E. [332.6 493.4]

14. If a population distribution is skewed to the right, then, given a random sample from that population, one would expect that the A. Mean would be greater than the Median B. Median would be greater than the Mean C. Median would be equal to the mean D. Cannot tell without looking at the Histogram 15. When using the Chebyshev's theorem to obtain the bounds for a 99.73 percent of the values in a population, the interval generally will be ___________ the interval obtained for the same percentage if normal distribution is assumed (empirical rule). A. Shorter than B. Wider than C. The same as D. A Subset of See Instructions. Chebyshevs theorem is more general but is less precise compared to the empirical rule. 16. In a hearing test, subjects estimate the loudness (in decibels) of sound and the results are: 68, 67, 70, 71, 67, 75, 69, 62, 80, 73, 68 What is the median? A. 67 B. 70 C. 68 D. 69 E. 80 Put items in order: 62,67,67,68,68,69,70,71,73,75,80 Median = [11 + 1] / 2 or 6th item 17. The numbers of rooms for 15 homes recently sold were: 8, 8, 8, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9 What is the standard deviation? A. 1.96 B. 1.40 C. 1.31 D. 1.14 E 1.18
X 5 6 6 X (X-bar) -2.4 -1.4 -1.4 (X-Xbar)2 5.76 1.96 1.96

7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 111

-.4 -.4 -.4 -.4 -.4 .6 .6 .6 .6 1.6 1.6 1.6 0

.16 .16 .16 .16 .16 .36 .36 .36 .36 2.56 2.56 2.56 19.6

Mean = 111/15 = 7.4

Sample variance s2x = 19.6/14 = 1.4

Essay Type Questions (6 points each) Chapter 1 1. Classify each of the following as nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio value: a. The time required to produce each tire on an assembly line - Ratio b. The Credit score of a client - Interval c. The ranking of four machines in a plant after they have been designated as excellent, good, satisfactory, and poor - Ordinal d. The telephone area code of clients in the United States- Nominal e. The age of each of the employees in an organization - Ratio f. The dollar sales at the local pizza shop- Ratio g. Zip code of a survey respondent- Nominal h. The response time of an emergency unit- Ratio i. The ranking of a company by Fortune 500- Ordinal j. The number of tickets sold at a movie theater on any given night -Ratio k. The identification number in a questionnaire- Nominal l. Per Capita Income- Ratio m. The trade balance in dollars- Ratio n. Profit/Loss in dollars - Ratio o. A company's tax id number - Nominal

p. The standard and Poor's bond rating of cities using combination of letters such as AAA, AA, A, BBB, etc... - Ordinal

Chapter 2 2. Consider the following data on distances traveled by 50 people to visit the local amusement park. distance
1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40 total

freq
18 14 9 7 2 50

Expand and construct the table adding columns for relative frequency and cumulative relative frequency and plot the Histogram of frequencies, the Frequency Polygon and Ogive curve using Excel. distance freq rel.fr cum.rel.fr
1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40 total 18 14 9 7 2 40 0.36 0.28 0.18 0.14 0.04 1.00 0.36 0.64 0.82 0.96 1.00 na

Histogram
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40

Series1

Frequency Polygon
20 15

9
10 5 Series1

Ogive
1.2 20 20 1 15 15 0.8 0.6 10 10 0.4 0.2 55 0 0 00 1-8 1-8 1 2 9-16 3 17-24 17-24 4 25-32 25-32 5 33-40 33-40 6 Series1 Series1 Series1

3. The number of weekly sales calls by a sample of 30 pharmaceutical salespersons is below: 24, 56, 45, 35, 37, 27, 29, 44, 34, 25, 33, 25, 46, 31, 35, 41, 48, 35, 28, 29, 37, 33, 31, 40, 12, 12, 22, 32, 42, and 52. Construct a Histogram and plot the Frequency polygon. (Use Excel: Read Instructions for Chapter 2 and also Textbook Appendix of Chapter 2) You can make your own classes or let Excel do it. The results will be a little different but both are acceptable. If you make your own classes form five classes for 30 observations according to the rule. Then find the class intervals using the formula (H-L)/k = (56- 12)/5 = 8.8. The frequency table is given below:
Classes 12-20.8 20.8-29.6 29.6-38.4 38.4-47.2 47.2-56 Frequency 2 8 11 6 3 Cumulative % 6.67 33.33 70.00 90.00 100.00

Histogram
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 12-20.8 20.8-29.6 29.6-38.4 38.4-47.2 47.2-56 Series1

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Frequency Polygon
12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 Series1 Series1

12-20.8

20.8-29.6

29.6-38.4

38.4-47.2

47.2-56

4. Math test anxiety can be found throughout the general population. A study of 120 seniors at a local high school was conducted. The following table was produced from the data. Complete the missing parts. (Work step by step to solve this puzzle. Round the frequencies to the nearest whole number.)
Score Range Very anxious 37-50 Anxious/Tents 33-36 Mild Anxiety 27-32 Relaxed 20-26 Very Relaxed 10-19 Total Frequency 12 24 0.333 Rel frequency 0.20 Cumulative Rel. freq.

We have to work step by step using our knowledge of Frequency tables to solve this puzzle. For the first class, Relative Frequency and Cumulative Relative Frequency will be the same. So we write 0.20 in the first row last column. Moreover, we find the frequency for this class by multiplying Relative frequency 0.20 by total frequency 120 to get 24. Thus, first row is completely filled. In the second row we convert the given frequency 12 into relative frequency after dividing by 120 which gives 0.10. Therefore, the cumulative relative frequency in the second row will be 0.30. Thus, second row is filled too. Next we convert the given relative frequency in the fifth row into frequency after multiplying 0.333 by 120 and rounding to get 40. Since the total frequency is given as 120, we can find the remaining frequency for the third row once we have the frequencies for the other four rows. It is calculated as 20. The rest of the story should be clear to you. Just remember that the total of all frequencies must be the given number 120 and the total of all relative frequencies must always be 1.
Score Range Very anxious 37-50 Anxious/Tents 33-36 Frequency 24 12 Rel frequency 0.20 0.10 Cumulative Rel. freq. 0.20 0.30

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Mild Anxiety 27-32 Relaxed 20-26 Very Relaxed 10-19 Total

20 24 40 120

0.167 0.20 0.333 1.000

0.467 0.667 1.000 NA

5. The number of items rejected daily by a manufacturer because of defects for the last 30 days are: 22, 21, 8, 17, 25, 20, 18, 19, 14, 13, 11, 6, 21, 23, 4, 19, 11, 12, 16, 16, 10, 28, 24, 6, 21, 20, 25, 5, 17, 9 . Complete this frequency table for the above data showing columns for Frequency, Relative Frequency and Cumulative Relative Frequency and plot the Ogive curve

4<9 9<14 14<19 19<24 24<29

Frequency 5 6 6 9 4

Relative Frequency 0.167 0.200 0.200 0.300 0.133

Cum Relative Frequency 0.167 0.367 0.567 0.867 1.000

Ogive
1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 4-9 9-14 14-19 19-24 24-29 0.867 1

0.567 0.367 0.167

Series2

Chapter 3 6. The following frequency table summarizes the distances in miles of 100 patients from a regional hospital. Distance (miles) Frequency 0-2 34 2-4 30 4-6 28
12

6-8

Calculate the sample standard deviation for this data (since it is a case of grouped data with classes, use group or class midpoints in the formula in place of X values).
Calculate the Sample Mean
Distance 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 Total Frequency (fi) 34 30 28 8 100 Class Midpoint (Mi) 1 3 5 7 NA fi*Mi 34 90 140 56 320

The Sample Mean =

= 3.2

Calculate the standard deviation:

Frequency (fi) 34 30 28 8 100 Class Midpoint (Mi) 1 3 5 7 NA Deviation(Mi - ) -2.2 -0.2 1.8 3.8 NA Squared Deviation (Mi - )2 4.84 0.04 3.24 14.44 NA fi*(Mi - )2 164.56 1.2 90.72 115.52 372

Distance 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 Total

Sample Variance, s2 =

= 3.76; Sample Standard Deviation, s =

= 1.94

7. For the data in Essay question number 3 above, calculate the sample Mean, Variance and Standard deviation without grouping the data.
Using Excel (Data- Descriptive Statistics-Summary Statistics)
Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count 34 1.879105 33.5 35 10.29228 105.931 0.248159 -0.06588 44 12 56 1020 30

Using MegaStat (Descrptive Statistics)

count mean 30 34.00

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sample variance sample standard deviation sum sum of squares deviation sum of squares (SSX) median

105.93 10.29 1,020.00 37,752.00 3,072.00 33.50

You get the same results using calculator as follows:

No. of calls (X) 24 56 45 35 37 27 29 44 34 25 33 25 46 31 35 41 48 35 28 29 37 33 31 40 12 12 22 32 42 52 Total = 1020
2

Deviation from mean (X-34) -10 22 11 1 3 -7 -5 10 0 -9 -1 -9 12 -3 1 7 14 1 -6 -5 3 -1 -3 6 -22 -22 -12 -2 8 18

(X-34) 100 484 121 1 9 49 25 100 0 81 1 81 144 9 1 49 196 1 36 25 9 1 9 36 484 484 144 4 64 324

and = 1020/30 = 34

Total = 0

Total = 3072

s = 3072/29 = 105.931 and s = 105.93 = 10.29

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