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Alternator Basic Theory

For generating electricity/induction we require

Coil Magnet Relative motion between the two

Alternator Basic Theory

Bicycle Dynamo
Simplest & most basic form of alternator is bicycle dynamo. Principle Rotor is a Two Pole Permanent Magnet. Voltage Speed. Voltage Strength of the magnet. (Can not be adjusted).

Alternator Basic Theory

Brush System
Permanent magnet used earlier can be Principle replaced by an electromagnet. Output voltage can be adjusted at the same speed by changing DC supply. Disadvantages Two Carbon brushes are required to be used.

Alternator Basic Theory

Brushless Separate excitation System
In order to avoid use of brushes we have to use a small alternator named Exciter. Principle Main Field, Rotating Rectifiers & Exciter Armature are mounted on the same shaft. Excitation supply comes from battery to exciter field instead of main field. In this case the DC power required for excitation is much lesser. Disadvantages This is an open loop system & input to exciter does not vary for variation in output voltage.

Alternator Basic Theory

Self Excited & Regulated Shunt System In order to give correction in the exciter input according to the voltage output we have to use AVR. Principle Different Types of AVRs are being used in DG sets. The one that is being used currently is Basler DECS

Main Short Circuit Main Field Back Up CTs Armature

Surge Suppressor

Rotating Rectifiers

Rotor

AVR Exciter Field

Exciter Armature

Booster Unit

AVR

End

Alternator Basic Theory

Main Field
S

AC

Back

Alternator Separate Excitation Brush System

Main Field Slip Rings

S + AC DC

Back

Alternator Separate Excitation Brushless System

Rotating Rectifiers Exciter
N Main Field

S + AC DC

Back

Alternator Self Excitation Brushless System Rotating

N Main Field

Exciter

Rectifiers

AC DC

Back

Phase Terminals

Neutral TerminalsSCM CTS

AC DC

Back

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