Acid Base Balance: Homeostasis of H+ in the Body Homeostasis of pH in the body why is it important?

? Sources of H+ gain and loss: Table 14.6V Regulation of H+ in the body: Buffers Reversibly bind H+ ions Immediate response to altered [H+]

Regulation of H+ in the Body: Respiratory System Rapid (1 3 min) response to altered [H+] (if source of H+ is non-respiratory!)

By increasing ventilation possible to decrease [H+] By decreasing ventilation possible to increase [H+] See also Fig. 13.39 V

Kidneys are ultimate balancers of H+ Changes take hours days Response to alkalosis: Excretion of HCO3- in urine

Response to acidosis Conserve HCO3Produce new HCO3- and add it to the blood plasma

Maintaining normal pH and correcting alkalosis: Fig. 14.31V Correcting acidosis (1): Fig. 14.32V Correcting acidosis (2): Fig. 14.33V

Respiratory Acidosis: Most common challenge to acid-base equilibrium Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An example of metabolic acidosis