Chapter 4: Matter and Substance Answer Exercise 1 1.

(a) heat is absorbed (b) heat is absorbed (c) heat is released 2. (a) solid liquid (b) liquid gas (c) liquid solid 3. (a) Temperature / oC

100
x

80
x

60
x

40
x

20

2 6 4 (b) As the time increase, the temperature increases. (c) 102o C Exercise 2 1. proton, electron, neutron 2. proton and neutron 3. (a) positive (b) negative 4. (a) M (b) K 5. (a) Particle V W X Y

10 Time / minute

(c) neutral (c) L Number of electrons 7 8 9 7 1 Number of neutrons 7 9 10 8

Number of protons 7 8 9 7

Z (b) (i) 10 (ii) 21

10

10

11

(c) (i) V and Y (ii) Both isotopes have same number of proton but difference number of nucleon. 6. Element Isotope Carbon-12
6 12

Number of protons 6

Number of electrons 6

Number of neutrons 6

Carbon

Carbon-14
6 14

7. Proton number : 3 Nucleon number: 7 Exercise 3 1. (a) (i) group (ii) period (iii) proton number (b) Increasing proton number. (c) Same chemical properties. (d) (i) Group 1 (ii) Group 17 (iii) Group 18 2. (a) False (b) True (c) True (d) True (e) False (f) True

Exercise 4 1. (a) Atomic substance (b) Molecular substance (c) Ionic substance 2. Substances made of atoms Substances made of molecules Substances made of ions Gold Potassium Lead 3. (a) (i) Y (ii) Cannot conduct electricity in solid state but can conduct electricity in liquid/ molten state. (b) (i) X (ii) Cannot conduct electricity in solid state and liquid state. Sulphur Naphtalene Carbon dioxide Sodium chloride Copper sulphate Zinc bromide

4. Physical properties Physical state at room condition Melting/boiling point Electrical conductivity Silver Iodine Sodium chloride

Solid

Solid

Solid

High

Low

High Can conduct electricity in molten form.

Yes

No

Exercise 5 1. Methods of purifying substance purification

Distillation Distillation

Crystallisation Crystallisation to obtain Pure crystal Pure crystal to obtain Pure liquid Pure liquid

Involving process Boiling Boiling Condensation Condensation

2. (a) Distillation (b) 100oC (c)

(d) To condense water vapour

(e)
Thermometer Thermometer

P Sea water
Salt water

Apparatus Q

Distillate

Distillated water

(f) (i) Liquid to gas (ii) Gas to liquid