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Typography Terminology





.
. .

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OpenType
Tags ( : (Bearing (
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( )First four glyphs .
.

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. .
.

1 : y_zoghali@yahoo.com

2
AAT
Apple Advanced Typography
( :
)

Ligatures . ATSUI
Abrupt Serif
() :

Stem Castellar

Serif

. .Serif
Accent Mark = Diacritic
:
-1
( . :
.)Diacritic
-2
: A

( )
Accent
. .Base Glyph
Adnate Serif
:

Garamond
Times.

Advance Width
:
()


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( )( .
).
:
.


.
digits





.
.
AFDKO Adobe Font Development
Kit for Opentype
:

.MS VOLT
AFII: Association for Font
Information Interchange
:

.
AFM

3
)AFM ( Adobe Font Metrics
:


.

.

.
( MM )1
.
Binary Multiple
Master Metrics MMM
.
AFM, INF
)AFM ( Adobe Font Metrics
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:
text files
Bounding Box
(
) ()

.1
PFM
AFM INF
Adobe Type Manager
PFM .
AFM
1 ASCII .pfa

.
Alternatives
( ) :


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() .

4 56

. 4 7
(
) . .Arabic Digits

( )

A 23


A.01 A.23
A .A.22
Ampersand
& = () .and
Anchors
:
( )Accent
( )Base Glyph



Virtual Composites
.

4
.MS VOLT

( )
.Caret & Anchors Caret
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ANSI
:
( )1
() The American National
.Standards Institute
( )2
()
( 1252)
.1-ISO/IEC 8859
: 256

128

.

7 128
8
256.
.Unicode
Apex
()
A.
Arabic

Default Language

Script

:
(
( )
) (
) (
) (
)
( ) (
) (
) (

) ()
(
)

:




(

)

.



.
!

5


()



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!

Indic CJKV
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( )
:

()
( ).
Arabic Digits
:

9,0,1,2
.

Arabic-Indic digits
1 0
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
9876543210
()0
(
)
4 56
7
Indic
:


.9-0

.

Character width (
)Tabular Numbers



.
Arc of the Stem
: :
j t f a .u .Terminals
Arm
() : A
X.
Ascent = Ascender

6
( : )

.
1
)Ascender (Mac
( :
)
Ascent = .
Ascender2
: (
O
x
b k d.)f
Serif Fonts


.Cap Height


O H
.A
.overshoot
ASCII
:
( )1 :
The American Standard
.Code for Information Interchange

()
.
.Code Mapping
ISO/IEC 646

ANSI X3.4
ANSI 1963
.1968
( )2 Basic
:Latin 128
U+0000
U+007F
.
)ATM (Adobe Type Manager
:
1
ATM Deluxe
.




ATM
.
.
Attachment Points
( : )MS VOLT
Anchor Point
Accent
Base Glyph .
ATSUI
: ()
Apple Type
Services for Unicode Imaging
.

7
ATT
()Apple Typography Technology
:

QuickDraw
GX MacOS
.8.0
Bar
:
A H e
f .t
.Cross bar
Base Glyph
:


() . :




) (Base Glyph
:
a
. :
A
:

Agrave

Aacute

Acircumflex

Atilde

Adieresis

Aring
cedilla

( c )
( ) .Accent

( )
()
Accent Base

.Glyph
(
)
( )
Components

(
Base Glyphs
Composite Glyphs

.Simple Glyph

( Base
.)Glyphs
:

.
.Times New Roman
VOLT
Glyph Positioning
Base Glyph

.
: Simple Glyph

8
.Composite Glyph
Baseline

:

( )A ()


( )
.
.


Times New Roman


243
( )y=243
.
( )

.
Basepoint
:
( )1

( / )

(
.

( )2

. ( )
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() :

)

.

.



( .)M


().
:

Cursive
Attachment


()0,0

(

9

).
()
.
() .
()
.



(

)

.


.Script2

A
W V :T AW AV AT
.
( )


medial

medial
final
(
).

.
Character width for Digits

(
)
Advance Width
Space .

()
Kern












( Negative Bearing
) .
BCP Bzier control point
() : :

:


10

.
Bzier curves
:


.
Vector .Path
Curve

.Pierre Bzier
.
Bitmap
:
:

Graphic
( .Rastering

.
Hinting


.
Blend
: .

Multiple
Master
.Adobe Font Creator
Block

:


.Ranges

.
.Private Use Area
Range .Code page


Basic Latin
Latin-1 Supplement
32
127 159
. .
BMP
Basic :
Multilingual Plane

uniXXXX :

X :
.0123456789ABCDEF
.0000-FFFF .SMP
Bowl
:
( )1

.
( )2

11
C,G,O b,c.e,o,p

.Counter
Bullet
:
i ( ).

Symbol
Fonts
( ) Dingbats
.Font
Calligraphy
( )
:
.Handwriting



. :
.
Cap height
:
.


overshoot .b
Cap line
:

.
.
.Ascenders

Caption1 = Character Label


:
.
2
Caption
: ()
.
Capital Letter
( :)
Capital Letter
Uppercase letter .Majuscule
Caret positioning
( :
)Ligatures
MS VOLT
Lookup

feature

GDEF data

.

MS VOLT
Caret & Anchors
Caret
Ligatures
Glyph
Properties
Ligature
Components

12
( Fontlab 7-2 MS

VOLT )16-2
(
)
.

fi :
Ligature 2


Ligature
.



.
Caret & Anchors
. .Anchors
CCS
( : coded
: character set .
CFF Compact Font Format
.
:


OpenType
.
Character
:
( )1 (
)

.
( )2
:
.
Coded Glyph :
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.Typography
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Character Label
:
.
Caption Fontlab
.FontCreator
Character Full Repertoire
:

. .




.
.
Character Set
:

(.) Font
Character Height
() :
A .

13
Ascender
.
Character Width
() :



.
Center Glyph
:

.M


Monospaced .Fixed Pitch
Cicero
:
12 Didot

:
.Point :
CID, Character Identifier
:
:

CJK
.
CID-keyed font (Character
)Idetifier
:

Index .


.MS VOLT
CJK
:
.Chinese-Japanese-Korean :
: CJKV
.
Class
)1( :





.
MS VOLT
Groups

Features .
.
Kerning Classes
Metrics Classes
.
( )2 :

Classification
Serifs Ornaments
Script Symbols
Codepage
( : )

14

()
Script


( Control Codes

)
.
Range (
)








( )Arabic1256 ()Arabic ASMO 708
( )Arabic 864 ()



. .Range
Code point
: ()
()
.Glyph

uniXXXX
uniXXXXX uniXXXXXX

Hexadecimal
Mapped .
Code
: ()
.
Compiling
:

MS VOLT

GSUB
GPOS
.
.
Composite Glyph
:

( )
: letter-
character
Base Glyph
.Mark ()
ligature
double-diacritic

.
Composite

15
Glyph Font
Creator


90 180 .270


: Composite
.Glyph Properties
()
:
( )1 Base
Glyph Origin.
( )2 ( )
Simple .
Contours
:
.
Path Vector
Curve
Stroke
.Outline
Contour Directions
:
Counter
O



()
.

Control Codes
() :
65 U+0000
U+001F U+007F .U+009F


.control characters :
)Control Characters (4 ones
() :


:
: .
: .
: .
: .
PostScript Name
zerowidthnonjoiner
zerowidthjoiner
lefttorightmark
righttoleftmark

Unicode
Value
$200C
$200D
$200E
$200F

Counter
() :

.O
CPI: Character Per Inch
:
.

16
.
Cross bar
:
f : .t.Bar
Crotch

: :

M
A V .
.Vertex
Cursive
:



Script2


.
Cursive Attachment
() :



() .
Positioning Feature
.GPOS

.MS VOLT
Cusp
() :


( )
90.
Custom Encoding Tables
:

Fontlab


.
Cyrillic
: Script :




.
.


()



()


.
Decomposable Character
:

17

( ).
Decomposition
)1( :
.

.
( )2
.
Ligature Composite
Glyph .


.
)Descender1 (Mac
( :
) ()
.Descent = .
Descender2
() :

g, y, p.
Descent
( : )
.
)Diacritic(al Mark


= :Accent
( )1


.
( )2
.

(
:
) .
.
.Vocalization
.

vowels
.
Dieresis
:

Cordinating
umlaut .
Didot Point
: /
0.3759
62 2/3 23.566
2.66 / 67.55 /.
Digits
: .
Arabic Digits .Bearing
Dingbats
:
( )
.
Bullets

18

.

.
Ornaments
() .
Direction Control Glyphs
( :
)
Control
Glyph
:
$200F
.

.
$200E
.
.

:
$200C Zero-width non-joiner

Space $0020

.
$200D Zero-width-joiner

( )
.


.Control Glyphs
: Hairline Space
:

First four
.glyphs
Dot
: i












.
A K L 12

.
Editing Field
=
.Glyph Edit Window
Ellipsis
()
Embedding

19
)1( :
MS Word.Adobe Acrobat
( )2



.Settings
Empty glyphs
:

Space
Bearings
.Advance Width

Composite Glyph
.Member
.Component
)Em (Unit
:
. Funit
1000 1000.
M .
.
M 10
10 . .UPM .Funit
Em-Dash
M :
.-Ctrl+Alt+ Num
Em-Space
M :

( )2003+Alt+X
En-Dash
N :
.M
.Ctrl+ Num -
En-Space
N :
.M
( )
.2002+Alt+X
Encoded Character
( : )

.


()
Glyph
.

Encoding
:

.
Expanded
( ) :

.
Arabic
Supplement () .
Extremes
:

20

MaChar

Uncode

PosScript
Name
.notdef

Index

(
)


Validation
Font Creator FontAudit
Nodes at extremes .Fontlab
Feature
:
OpenType
Language Script
Lookups
Rendering
(
)Features
Typing .
Final
:
fina :
Initial Isolated .Medial
First four glyphs
:


.

MacOS
.

MacOS .Windows

( :
) : ().

:
()0


.
. .
( : )1
( Advance
= ) Width.
( : )2
.
No-Curve-Glyph (
= )Advance Width
( Space )
.
( : )3 .Space
break space

No-Curve-Glyph Advance
.Width

und0
* fined
1 .null
$00
nonmar - $000D $0D
2 ingreturn
3 space
$0020 $20

*
unmapped characters

21
mapped to the first
.glyph
) notdef.
(
glyph

. : ()
()
.
() .
vectors
.Advance width
( )


.
.

.

Bullet

.
First Point
( : )


.
Point Metrics

( )Bookmarking

Fixed Pitch
( :)
FontCreator Settings

Proportional

.Monospaced
Flex
: serifs


.
.1
FOND (FONt family Descriptor):
:


( styles :

) FOND


.kerning tables
Font
:



.

: 1
3

22
() bit-
fonts
.LCD
Font Attributes


M
.Font Metrics
Font Creator
( )



[ ]

Traditional Arabic




.GSUB
Font Editing Program
() :

. Fontlab FontCreator
FontMaster FontForge DTL Master
.Fontographer
Font File Name
:


( )

.AXt

MCS




.
Font Format
:
.:
PostScript Type 1
1
PostScript Type 3
3
TrueType

OpenType /TrueType

OpenType /PostScript
( ) MultipleMaster

Font Full Name


:
.
Fontlab
:



Lookups .
Class
GPOS

.
( )8-3

23

( type 5 (Mark-to-Ligature
)attachment positioning
MS VOLT.
Font Name
:
family name
.Times Times
Bold Times ItalicTimes Bold Italic
Subfamily
.name
Font Proofing, Font Test

Font (Quick) Test

.
Font Style
:
( )1
Regular, Bold,
.Italic, Bold Italic Plain
.Regular
( )2

shadow bold

.
( )3

Roman Old Free Goudy Script

Serif .SanSerif
( )4


Condensed () Expanded
Extended Light
.
Font Window
:
.
Glyph Overview
.Window
Funit
( ) :

.
Generation
:
(

)
.



( )

.
Glyph
:
()

24


Letter, Character
Ligature digit mark
Symbol diacritic
accent logo


()Control Character
( )space ( )null
(.)notdef.
Glyph Caption
:


Caption
:


. .Character Label
Glyph Cell
:

. Character
.slot
Glyph Cell Text Color
( :
)
-1 : Simple Glyph
.
-2 :



.
-3 :
.
-4 :
Composite Glyph
.

-5 :

.
.

-6 :
.

( ).
Glyph Code
:

.
.


( ).
Glyph Component
:

Glyph
.Composite Glyph
Glyph Edit Window
:
Glyph Cell

25

.
.Glyph Window
Glyph Image
() :
Rasterized
.
Glyph Index
:

.
.


.


Glyph Palette
.
Glyph Metrics
:



.
Glyph Name
:

afii AGL
PostScript Name

.

:
ya.I yea.medial
.
Glyph Name Limitations
:

.
31
base name ( ).
.suffix

()A-Z
( )a-z
( )9-0 (_).
.Space

.notdef

twocents a1 :
_ 2cents
.twocents .
.
:
Adobe
)Glyph List for New Fonts (AGLFN
:
http://partners.adobe.com/public/
developer/en/opentype/aglfn13.txt

26
AGLFN

middot :
AGLFN
.periodcentered
Unicode Standard code
.charts

()
AGLFN :
() BMP
FFFF .uniXXXX

uni01EB
uni01eb Uni01Eb
.
() SMP
uXXXXX
.uXXXXXX
BMP .SMP
Glyph Overview window
:

.Glyph Cells
Font
.Window
Glyph Properties
:

Mapping Code Number
.

GSUB Glyph Substitution


:


lookups
ligatures Composite
Glyph




.
The GPOS Glyph Positioning
:


.
:single adjustment

superscript
.subscript
:pair adjustment

. Kerning
.
cursive
( attachment
) :
attachment
points when rendered

27


.

:MarkToBase attachment
()
/ ()
vowel
( diacritical marks)
tone marks
.

:MarkToLigature attachment
.

()

.
:
( )
()


.
MarkToMark
:attachment

tone mark
vowel diacritical
.
Contextual

:positioning


.

" ."input
:
() .

Entry
point exit points
()
( ).


W .

Chaining
Contextual positioning



.
"."input
Graphite tables

28
:

contextual shaping

Ligatures
()


.


.


AAT
.
SIL
International Graphite
compiler ( .
).
Greek
-1 .
:

;
-2

Layout
.
6 .

Hinting
( : )

()

(
()
( bitmap)
Grid -fitting
.pixels


.


.1
Horizontal Metrics
:
Rightside bearing
Leftside bearing
.Advance Width
I-beam
() :
I
.
.Caret
Ideograph
( : :) .

( )1 ( )
( ) .CJK

29
( )2

_. _and
( )3

hnz kanji .hanja
.CJK
Incomplete glyphs
:


Select Incomplete .
Indic Scripts
:



Devanagari

Gurmukhi Gujarati



.
: Sanskrit



.
Language
( .Script
.)Devanagari
Initial
:

Init :

Initials

:
( )1 Ornamental
Capital
(
)Dropped Caps

.
( )2
. Acronym

( )3
Drop Caps
()
.
( )4

.init
Insertion Mark = I-beam
Isolated
( : )
isol:

( ).
Italic Angle
:
Italic

30

12

.12
Italic Font
:
Roman



Oblique .
Italic

.


. .Script2 Oblique Tilted
Kashida
: ()

. .0640
Line
Justification
( )


.Space
Kern
: ()
Shoulder (
) . .

Kerning
:

.
Tracking
Kerning
.



Tracking & Kerning
.

visually equal space .
optical spacing

geometric
spacing


.

A
W,V,T

()


31

(
)

.



.
.

.
.Bearing
)Key glyph (Kerning
: Base
Glyph

. :
A (
)
( )
.
Kerning by classes
():
glyphs
classes
/ acombin
tion .

.
Key glyph

Keystroke
:
/
/ .
Keyboard Layout

.
Kids and Fonts
:
( )1






!
!












32

.






!
( )2 :


!

! :
!







MCS

serif

.
. legibility
boldness clearness
.readability .

( )3
Comics




!
(
)




optical size
Vag rounded
Adlib San Comics
! Kids
fonts
.

Comics





Last Point
( : )

.

33

.
Latin
( )1 :


( )2 :
(

) .


.

( )
( )


( ).
Legibility
:
.
( ) Arms
Stems
Counters
.
Counters


.
Ligature

: (
)
Glyph :
.
.
Ligatures
f i fi f
l .fl (
)
.

( )
: ()
() ( )
(

()
) .
Ligatures

-1 Required
Ligature
Tag
.rlig
Ligatures :

: ( : :
:).


()

34

Positioning mark to base
VOLT
.Caret & Anchors
()
(
)
( ) .
Ligatures
().
-2 Standard
Ligatutre
Tag
liga ()
Ligatures
() () .
-3 ( )
.Discretionary Ligature () ()

Tag
.dlig

: ( )
Composite Glyph :
.Lookup
)Line Gap (Mac
( :
)
.
baseline-to-baseline
Leading

.
Typo Line Gap
.
Negative Line Gap values
.3.1
Logotype
:


.
Lookup
:
.
:
( )1 Ligatures

:
:.
Ligature

Lookup .
Ligatures
.Glyph Substitution

( )2
( )calt

()



.
( )3 Swash

35

Script Fonts
MS VOLT

Alternative
Isolated Final
.
( )4 Alternatives
( ) .
( )5
Diacritics .
MS VOLT
FontLab AFDKO
Adobe Adobe Font
Development Kit for Opentype
.2
MakeOTF
: ()

1
OpenType
layout features

MakeOTF

MakeOTF
compiler
font
2
( )Lookup !! .

editor
.AFDKO
Mapping
:
( Glyph
) Code Point
( )

Unicode


Character Map cmap .
Glyph

Code Point
.
mean line = x-height
Medial
:
.medi:
.
Monospaced type
:
Courier

.Typewriter

.
.

.

36
M-square
:M


M
1
1000

2048 .
M
M .
Ikarus 15000/
.
Multi-layered fonts
:
3 SVG
.

() .

stroke
gradient fills
.
()FontForge
.
Multiple Master
( :
)

1




() ().

(
)
(



FontCreator .)Adobe
Node
:
Point .
Noncharacters
:

.

U+nFFFE U+nFFFF n 0
. 16 Control Codes .
Nonspacing Diacritic
:
(
) .
Character Width

.
OBG: Object Replacement
Character

37
:
.
Oblique
( ) () :


Italic
() .
(
)
Slant ( Skew :
) 12
12 - .
)OpenType Font (OT Font
( : )



1 Quick Draw GX

.
Opentype

:
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.Unicode 65536
Glyph
.
( )2
( ).

( )3
.Glyph
( )4
Scripts
Languages


()
.Arial Unicode MS
( )4
Composite Glyphs ()
Glyph Composite
Glyph
.
( )5
Ligatures ,
.
( )6 Glyph

Alternatives
Swashes



()Opentype Specs
.


.
:
GPOS glyph positioning

38
MS VOLT .Adobe AFDKO
:





.



.

Sloping


(
) .
Entry Point Exit
Point
.


()
() ()


.

Opentype

alternative

.Swashes


( )
(
)
( )

.


:
()










.
Lookups :
Space
!


Swashes

.

39
:

www.diwan.com
.
Tasmeem
Adobe InDesign
Winsoft


.
www.decotype.com

Glyph Fusion
.
:

www.crulp.org
(

) .

()
www.scict.ir
. www.
macarabia.net
( 4163)
(
)

.

Kelk

MS VOLT .

Paul C. Nelson
and John Hudson
Arabic Typesetting

www.sakkal.com

MS VOLT
VOLT
Community
() . www.typophile.
com
www.tiro.com
.

:
-1

.
(
)
( )
() . :


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-2

40
(
)


.
.
-3

.
-4
.
-5

.
()
-6



-7

( )
.
-8

.Unicode
Opentype Tables
:

GDEF Glyph definition data

LTSH Linear threshold data

GSUB Glyph substitution data

maxp Maximum profile

GPOS Glyph positioning data


BASE Baseline data

JSTF Justification data


:
(
)
CMAP Character to glyph mapping
(
)
DSIG Digital signature

gasp
Grid-fitting/ Scan-conversion

head Font header

hhea Horizontal header

hmtx Horizontal metrics

hdmx Horizontal device metrics

kern Kerning

41

name Naming table

OS/2
OS/2 and Windows specific metrics


OS/2

PCLT PCL 5 data

PostScript information

post

VDMX
Vertical device metrics

vhea Vertical Metrics header

vmtx Vertical Metrics


Tables Related to PostScript
.Outlines
CFF PostScript font program (compact
)font format

VORG Vertical Origin


( ) Tables
.Related to TrueType Outlines

Control Value Table

cvt

fpgm Font program

Glyph data
()
Index to location

glyf
loca

prep CVT Program


( CVT )

( ) Tables Related
.to Bitmap Glyphs
EBDT Embedded bitmap data

EBLC Embedded bitmap location


data

EBSC Embedded bitmap scaling


data



.
Optical Size
:

Boldness Thinness
Counters

42

.
FontCreator
( :
) .
Optical Spacing
:

()
.
AW
A
W W ()
.A
Overshoot
():
O

I

(
cap-height
x-height
3% (

)
.
A
.5%

optical

illusions
Peter Karow>s
.26
Panose
() : (
)



.

.
.




.

Format Settings
Panose
.
Font Info
.Version & Identification


.
Path
:
Vector
Curve
.Contout

43
)PCL (Printer Control Language
:

.HP

.
Permanent font
:

PfaEdit
( : )

.
ASCII
1 .

.
)PFM files (Printer Font Metrics
:

.1 Binary

.
.PFMAFM
. ATM 4.1
PFM AFM
.INF
Phantom points
:



phantom points

advance
width ( )hints

.
.

two
phantoms
top
sidebearing
.vertical advance width
= Photocomposition
Phototypesetting
:
()
( )
()
. Cold type

()
Lynotype Monotype

.matrices
Pica
:
12 0.166 ( = 6
)

44

.

(
).
3
Continuous


( )
Dot-Matrix Printers


.
Pica Point
() : 72.27
2.85.
Point
():
( )1
72/1 0.11383.
0.3528 .


A 12
12 i
.I
3 Continuous
Rolls


(
:
) .


.
( )2 BCP .Node


. .Path
Point of inflection
:
()
.

2 /() = 2 .

.Cusp
Point Size
( :)


.

().
Post Script
:
()



.

45

Post Script Names
= :
Glyph Names
Glyphs
.


Glyph Naming


AGL
Adobe Glyph
Naming

Glyph Naming Post Script Names
:
www.adobe.com
www.microsoft.com/typography

www.29letters.com
Presentation Forms
:
(
)
Ligatures

() Block
Range
Basic

:
)Arabic Basic ($0600 - $06FF
Arabic Presentation Form-A
)($FB50 - $FDFF
Arabic Presentation Form-B
)($FE70 - $FEFF

www.unicode.org .
Proportionately spaced type
:
.:
.Mono-spaced
PUA Private Use Area
:




. The
.Unicode Standard 5.0
Range
( :)




.

.Code page
.Blocks
Readability
:

46



(
)
.




!


.


.Counters
.




.
)Required Ligature (rlig
() :



:

.





.

()

MS VOLT


.Caret & Anchors
(
)
()



.
:
.
:
.
Resident Font
:
.
.Transient font
Reversed Type
:
( )
.

47
Negative .

San Serif
: Helvetica
.Arial

.
1
Script
:

Languages
Arabic Script


()
() () .
.
2
Script
:


Typography
Terminology Palace Script MT


( ) .
Italics :
Script.
.Cursive :
Serif
( : )

. .Times Roman


.

.Serif
:
Abrupt Serif
.
Adnate Serif
.
Set
: (
).
.
.
Set Width = Advance width
() :
.
SFD
SplineFont
.DataBase
.FontForge

.vaguely readable
14 2008
IANA .MIME
)(application/vnd.font-fontforge-sfd
.
Tops-10 PDP-10

48
sfd .Sub File Directory
Tops-10
top-level (home) directories
user file directories
.sub-directories
TeX
: Sub Font
Definition TeX sfd
CJK

small sub-fonts
( TeX
).
SFNT
:

.
X11 < >typ1
SING .

.

( .
).
SIP
Supplementay
( :Ideographic Plane CJK
) (-0x20000
)0x2FFFF .

Shoulder
:


(
).
Sidebearings = Bearing
Simple Glyph
:
-1
( Composite Glyph
)Base Glyphs


.
-2 (
.Ligature
Skew = Slant
Slant
:

. Italic,
.Oblique

Skew
12 .12
Small Caps
:

75%

49

.

Small Letter
:
Small Letter
Lowercase letter .Majuscule
SMP
Supplementary Multilingual Plane
.
Supplementary Multilingual :
Plane (0x10000-
)x1FFFF .

Linear B, Gothic, and
.Shavian

uXXXXX or :
uXXXXXX
X
.0123456789ABCDEF :
.BMP
Sort
:
.
Sorting
:



. .collation

Space

:
( )1 $0020

.Break Character
( )2
:

M

N


( )







Em Space
Em Space
Non-Breaking
Space
Non-Breaking
Space (Fixed
)width
Hair Space
Sixth Space
Thin Space
Quarter Space
Third Space
Puctuation Space
Figure Space
Flush Space

Em Quad En Quad
Em Space
.En Space

Spline

( ) :
( )1 (
).

50


( quadratic
.)or cubic
( )2
.
Square Serif
() :
Times
. . Adnate Serif
SSP
: (-0x10000
)0x1FFFF ( )0xEFFFF-0xE0000
.
.
Standard Ligature
:

.
Ligatures

= .
Required Ligature Descretionary
.Ligature
Stem
:
I
L . Letter
.Stroke
Style = Font Style

( ) :

Regular,
Bold, Italic, Bold Italic

Panose
:

Width
Ultra-Condensed
Extra-Condensed
Condensed
Semi-Condensed
)Medium (Normal
Semi-Expanded
Expanded
Extra-Expanded
Ultra-Expanded


( )
Weight
Thin
Extra-Light
)(Ultra- light
Light
)Normal (Regular
Medium
Semi-bold (Demi)bold
Bold
Extra-bold (Ultra)bold
)Black (Heavy

Swash

:

() .

Script

( )Typography Terminology
Zapfino

( )

51
( .

:






Alternatives Swashes

Lookups

.
.
Symbol fonts
:


Dingbats Font
.Symbol Font

.
Symmetry
:
T .
.
Tail
: :
.Q
Tangent
:
.

Terminals

:
- 1
.f, j, y, r, a :
-2 :
( )Final.
Thin Space
:
.N
Tilted = Slanted Font
:


.Italic

Italic
.
.Oblique
Tracking
: :



Tracking .
)Transform(ation
/ :
Glyph rotating
flipping skewing
( ) scaling

52
weight .
Transient font
:
.
Resident Font
)TTF (TrueType Font
( : )

MacOS 7.0 .

() ( )Bitmap


( ) .

.
TTH TrueType Hinting
:
.
.Hinting
TWIP Twentieth of a point
20/1 : (
).
Type
:
. Letter or
Character Digit
diacritic Punctuation
mark
.

Character Letter.
Typeface = font
( ) :



Font
: ( )
.
Type Vendors
:



Agfa ITC (International Typeface
)Corporation Monotype Linotype
Diwan .
Typographer
:


.
Typographic
:
.
Typography

:
.
.
( ) ( ) .

53
[]

.
Typo Ascender
( :)OS2

.


.
(.)b


( ) .


.


.
:


()
.

.
247 .
Typo Descender
( :)OS2


.


.
.p


( ) .


.


.
Typo Line Gap
(
:)OS2
.
.

.

) Line Gap (Mac
.
Umlaut
:
,,,
.Diaresis
Uncial
:

54



.
Underline Position
:
.

.
: Underlined
.
Underline Thickness
:
.
:



.
Unicode
:
.


Scripts Languages
(

)
65536

Glyph
.

Surrogation .

.


7 128
8
256 .
( Unicode Consortium )


(
16) 65536.

Multi-byte mapping
standards

( 4,294,967,296
)
1,114,109

(
)2005 97,786 9%
.

.

.

Code Pages
(
)

55



!

.
.



.

.





.
. :



.








.
Unicode
Consortium 1991





() .
!
UPM: Units Per eM
:

.Font Metrics


Glyph
UPM
.
.

10000.

1000


2048.
( )

56

( )


1000
2000 /
50%
.
200%
.
.
: /
/ Scale all characters .
.according to UPM change
Validation
( : ) :

Correct
contour directions Counters

A O .


()



.Generation
Vertex
:

M A V .
.Crotch
Vertical Metrics
:
Ascent Descent
CapHeight
.xHeight
Visibility
( : )

.
.Readability, Legibility
VOLT (Visual OpenType Layout
)Tool
( :
)


.

Lookups
(

) Alternatives
Glyph

Swashes
Positioning


Glyph Substitution
.Ligatures
Lookups
:
-1 :

57
()GSUB glyph substitution
-2 :
()GPOS glyph positioning
-3
()GDEF glyph definition

Ligatures .

-4 ( )
()BASE Baseline data
-5
()JSTF Justification data

.AFDKO
OpenType Font
VOLT

.
Weight
( : :
) :
Arms Stems
Counters .

.Legibility
Bold
Plain .Thin
Win Ascent
() :


.Typo Ascender
()

ANSI .
()
.
Symbol fonts
.
( ).
Win Descent
() :


.Typo Ascender
()
ANSI
. ()

.
Symbol fonts
( .
).
x-height
:
Small Letters

x
.

58
(.)Meanline

Zones


font scaler interpreter
references

.glyph description
1
zone 1 ( )Z1
.
zone 0
( )Z0

.1


.
(
).

maximum number
.of twilight points

maxTwilightPoints -1
.

.1

MIAP

MIRP gep0
.Z0
Z0
.




Alley
:
.Gutter
Body, Text Body

Border

Break
:
.
Callout

59
:
. Pull quotes
.Teaser
Caption
( )
Chase
:

Forma


. .Galley
Colophon
:

() .

()


: . !!
Column Break
:
New line .Shift+Return
Cutline
= ( Caption
).
Discretionary Column Break
:

Command+Return
Ctrl+Return
.
Diacritic Positioning
:



:
Normal
( )Loose Tight
.None
Diagram

Discretionary Hyphen
:
.
DropCap

Element
( :
)
Face
: Typeface .Font
Flush left
:
.Align Left
Flush right
:
.Align Right
Folio

60

Footer
:
.
Master Pages

. Header
Foornote
() .
Format1
: otf.
.ttf
.
Format2
( :)


.Layout
Galley
:
:
Characters
Rulers
Leading ()
Proof
( )
.Letter-Press
Greeking Text
:

()
Preferences
:
6
.
Gutter
: ().
.
Hairline Space
( :
) .
)

Zero-width non-joiner :
.
: :

. 200
Alt+X .
Direction Control
.Glyphs

No-width
.optional break
Hair space

.
Hanged punctuation
:

61

.
Hanging Indent
:

.
Headline

Header
:
.
Master Pages

.
Hyphenation
:


.
Illustration

Image
= Picture
Indent
:

.
Index
: Indexing
:

Index
(
)




Inline graphic
:


(

Anchored
).
Insertion point
:
Blinking .
)Jumplines (cont>d
:


21
124 . cont>d
.Continued




.Command+Shift +Option+4

62

.] +Ctrl+Alt+Shift

( )

.Command+Shift+Option+2

.[ +Ctrl+Alt+Shift


(
)
.
(
) (
).
Justification
:
(
) .


Space

Space
.
Kerning pairs
:
.
.

Kicker
:


. .Teaser
Leader
:
.
Leading
:


.

.
Typo Ascender
Typo Descender Typo Line Gap

. Lead
Leading [
] : :
( ).
Linespacing = Leading
Logo
:



.
.

63
.

( )1
.
( )2 .
( )3 .
Margin
: ()
.
Master Pages
:


Headers Footers
( )



.
Orientation
:
Landscape
.Portrait
Orphan
( :
) .

Orphan Widows
.Microsoft Word
Page Numbers

:



Command+Shift +Option+3

.Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N



.
Pagination

: Book File
Documaents Files

.


TOC
Index
)Jump lines (cont>d

.
Paragraph

Pictograph
:
.
Picture

64

Preflight
:


.
Package Collation

Pull quotes
: ( )

(
).
Ragged
() :
Align Right Align Left


.
Raised Cap
: :

.

.
Recto
: .
Slug
() :

. .leading

Smart punctuation
() :






.

Scripts

.
Single Quatation
Mark Double
.Quatation Mark
Space
:

.Default
Spread

Subhead

Tab

Tab stop
()
Table
:

65






.
Teaser
: Kicker .Pull quotes
Text block
.
Text Flow
:
.
Text Wrap
:
.
Text

Texture
:
.
Threaded text blocks
:


.
Titling
: .
)TOC (Table of Contents
:
( )
. Indexes

(
)



.Table of Contents
Typeface
= ()Font name
Verso
:
.
Widow
( :

) . .Orphan

:
:
www.unicode.org
www.adobe.com
www.microsoft.com

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