Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.
-:
-
-
:
- .
-
-
-
.
.
)(
.
www.muhandes.net
.
:
-
80
ul 2
24
ul 2
16
2
www.muhandes.net
mx = x ul x2
m y = y ul x2
1
ly
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.75
lx
0.06
2
0.06
2
0.074
0.084
0.093
0.104 0.099
0.061
0.059
0.055
0.046 0.051
0.11
3
0.03
7
=R
0.112
0.102
0.092
0.082
0.072
0.062
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
www.muhandes.net
0.118
0.029
=R
0.058
0.053
0.048
0.043
0.038
0.033
0.028
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
= * .
:
4
ul
u1 = 4 1 4
l1 + l 2
www.muhandes.net
mx = x ul x2
m y = y ul x2
www.muhandes.net
V y = y ul x
Vx = xul x
Vc = 0.27v 3 Fcu
Fcu 40
3
Vc = Vc 4
400
d 400
d
www.muhandes.net
)(
10
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
20
18
16
14
12
10
26
24
26
24
23
21
21
19
18
17
16
15
13
12
477 f s
2.0
M
) 120(0.9 + 2
bd
f1 = 0.55 +
5
fy
8
Moment
As req
As prov
= fs
redistributed
www.muhandes.net
of
=%
= 150
:
:
-
50
%10
1.5
4
www.muhandes.net
:
5 2.5
www.muhandes.net
:
1
5
2
5
3
10
www.muhandes.net
11
www.muhandes.net
:
276 )(
414
= * 0,785
= * 0,617 ) (
Fy=414 mPa
Es
Fy=276 mPa
www.muhandes.net
200000 = 0,87
F
Plastic zone
elastic zone
Fy=276 mPa
Es
Fcu
www.muhandes.net
= 4500
= 0,67= 0,80
= 0,70
-
)( :
.
= 310.
31
7
24
12
12
104
www.muhandes.net
40
12
= 25x0.1304/ 3 (1)4
= 3.26/2
=..0.2x10 (1)4
= 2/2
= 1.04/5.26
= 5.06/2
.
= ..15.9 x0.10 (1)4
= 1.59/2
= .. 25x0.05 (1)4
= 1.25/2
.
= .. 22x0.025 (1)4
= 0.55/2
.
= .. 0.33x3.3x2.38 (1)5
= 2.6/2
= 11.04/2
www.muhandes.net
.. (2)4/3/3
= 11.04x1.4
= 15.46/2
= 8.05/
) (3 ) ( 6
2.0/
2.0/
2.0/
2.0/
2.0/
4.0/
)
(
1/4/3
6/3/3
www.muhandes.net
:
: : )(SA
)(SB
)(SC
)(SD
)(SE
2B--2A-- 1 3
35 /
-
www.muhandes.net
www.muhandes.net
W
L
WL/2
WL/2
WL/8
www.muhandes.net
W
L
2
2/3*L*WL/8
WL/12/EI
WL/24/EI=
WL/24EI=
W
L
3
WL/12/EI
3
WL/24/EI=
WL/24/EI=
=(WL/24*(L/2-3L/16)
=(5WL/384)
www.muhandes.net
4
CANTILEVE
R
BOTH
END
ONE
END
SS
MEMBER
L/10
L/28
L/24
L/20
L/8
L/21
L/18.5
L/16
BEAMS OR ONE
WAY RIBBED SLABS
www.muhandes.net
MEMBER
DEFLECTION LIMIT
L/180
L/360
L/480
L/240
L/250
WD=80 kN/m
WL = 15kN/m
L=10m
www.muhandes.net
d=1000/20
d=500mm
h=550mm
STANDARD SECTION
10 D 18
550mm
28 D 25
Stirrup 2
1600mm
As=2543mm
As=13737mm
=59.8mm
all=10000/250
As` mm
As tot mm
2543 4
3560 76
4069 44
4578 12
5086 8
5595 48
7121.52
16280 9
17298 26
17806 94
18315 62
18824 3
19332 98
20859.02
7630 2
8138 88
8647 56
9156 24
9664 92
10173 6
10682 28
11190 96
12717
13225 68
13734 36
14243 04
15260 4
15769 08
16277 76
16786 44
all=40mm
mm
21367 7
21876 38
22385 06
22893 74
23402 42
23911 1
24419 78
24928 46
26454.5
26963 18
27471 86
27980 54
28997 9
29506 58
30015 26
30523 94
www.muhandes.net
59 8
57 2
56
54 9
53 9
52 9
50.2
49 4
48 7
48
47 3
46 7
46
45 5
44 9
43.4
42 9
42 4
42
41 2
40 8
40 4
40
As(TOP) Vs Def.
64
59
54
49
44
39
20000
10000
15000
5000
As Tot vs Def.
64
59
54
49
44
33000
31000
29000
27000
25000
23000
21000
19000
www.muhandes.net
17000
39
15000
.
mm
As mm
As tot mm
59.8
16280.9
13737.5
57.9
17262.15
14718.75
56.3
18243.4
15700
54.9
19224.65
16681.25
53.6
20205.9
17662.5
52.4
21187.15
18643.75
51.4
22168.4
19625
50.4
23149.65
20606.25
49.5
24130.9
21587.5
48.7
25112.15
22568.75
48
26093.4
23550
47.3
27074.65
24531.25
46.7
28055.9
25512.5
46
29037.15
26493.75
45.5
30018.4
27475
45
30999.65
28456.25
44.5
31980.9
29437.5
44.1
32962.15
30418.75
43.6
33943.4
31400
43.2
34924.65
32381.25
42.9
35905.9
33362.5
42.5
36887.15
34343.75
42.2
37868.4
35325
41.8
38849.65
36306.25
41.5
39830.9
37287.5
41.3
40812.15
38268.75
41
41793.4
39250
40.7
42774.65
40231.25
40.5
43755.9
41212.5
40.2
44737.15
42193.75
40
45718.4
43175
www.muhandes.net
.
As vs Def.
64
59
54
49
44
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
39
10000
As Tot vs Def.
64
59
54
49
44
50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
www.muhandes.net
25000
20000
39
15000
.
m
62
1300
61.2
1400
60.4
1500
59.8
1600
59.2
1700
58.7
1800
58.3
1900
57.9
2000
Hmm
59.8
550
57.4
560
55.1
570
53
580
51
590
49.1
600
47.4
610
45.7
620
44.1
630
42.6
640
41.1
650
39.8
660
www.muhandes.net
H vs Def.
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
L=10000mm
H=660mm
L/H=10000/660
L/H=15.52
10
www.muhandes.net
,
.
:
15 . 10 . -
= b
0.75 1.0
1.20 2.20
l o 60b
100b 2
h
lo
www.muhandes.net
* :
N uz = 0.67c Fcu Ac + s Asc Fy
N = 0.6c Fcu Ac + 0.85 s Asc Fy
*
-1
-2
-3
www.muhandes.net
-1
-2
N = 0.6c Fcu Ac + 0.85 s Asc Fy
N b = 0.33c Fcu Ac
-3
M b = 0.10c Fcu Ac d + 0.5 As Fy d
-4
M u = 0.87 As Fy d
www.muhandes.net
*
Pd u = 5000kN
Pl u = 3000kN
L =3.3m
Pu = 8000 kN
B >= L/15 = 3300/15
= 220mm
Using min steel
As=0.004 Ac
As=0.06 Ac
Ac = 278900mm 2
As = 18150mm 2
550mm 550mm
38 25
steel%
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
530
560
600
650
700
780
790
800
810
820
830
850
www.muhandes.net
210
190
170
7
steel%
700mm 700mm
20 25
5
www.muhandes.net
cost
230
www.muhandes.net
:
. :
# )(Strip Footings
250
:
) (Wall Footings )(Continious Footings # :
250
:
: . :* .
*
*
* 300
* :
-
www.muhandes.net
-1
# :
# :
:
)
:
:
:
:
%25
%30
75
40
6/1
www.muhandes.net
-2
d
1.5d .
:
-
V
=v
bd
- v :
v vc
- :
Vc = 0.27v 3 Fcu
Fcu 40
3
400
d 400
d
Vc = Vc 4
-3
%25
www.muhandes.net
:
:
= 1500
= 300
= 0.20
= 300 600
:
= 1800=300+1500
=) 9000000 = 0.201800(10002
= 92
= 33
3.22.9
2
= 9.28
:
300
2900
)3200= (b
)250 = (d
300
600
V
bd
=v
) = (V ) (A ) (q
(250-2/(300-2900))3200 = A
= 10503200
u
250
www.muhandes.net
3200
= 3360000
AfPu = qu
Wl1.6+ wd 1.4= Pu
= 2580
(29003200) 2580000 = qu
= 0.278
33600000.278 = V
934080 = V
934080
3200 250
=v
v = 1.1676mPa
Vc = 0.27v 3 Fcu
Fcu = 25
= 0.40
Vc = 0.270.83 0.4 25
Vc = 0.49mPa
550
)3200= (b
)500 = (d
500
2900
300
600
www.muhandes.net
3200
V
bd
=v
) = (V ) (A ) (q
(500-2/(300-2900))3200 = A
= 8003200
2
= 2560000
AfPu = qu
u
Wl1.6+ wd 1.4= Pu
= 2580
(29003200) 2580000 = qu
= 0.278
25600000.278 = V
711680 = V
711680
3200 500
=v
v = 0.449mPa
Vc = 0.27v 3 Fcu
Fcu = 25
= 0.40
Vc = 0.270.83 0.4 25
Vc = 0.49mPa
www.muhandes.net
2900
)3900= (p
)500 = (d
300
600
V
bd
=v
) = (V ) (A ) (q
21001800 29003200 = A
2
= 5500000
AfPu = qu
u
Wl1.6+ wd 1.4= Pu
= 2580
(29003200) 2580000 = qu
= 0.278
55000000.278 = V
1529000 = V
1529
3900 500
750
=v
www.muhandes.net
3200
v = 0.387 mPa
Vc = 0.49mPa
= 1300
= 2/ 13002(3200) 0.287
= 7517120000
0.0392 = R
477.2 = Z
1300
300
2900
= 4560
= 3520
23 16
600
3200
www.muhandes.net
:
, , .
. :
- )(Gravity retaining walls
.
.
3.
. .
.
- )(cantilever retaining walls
www.muhandes.net
.
3 8.
.
.
8.
.
)(Battress retaining walls2
www.muhandes.net
.
.
.
.
www.muhandes.net
www.muhandes.net
)(Active pressure
)(Passive pressure
)(At rest pressure
.
.
.
www.muhandes.net
Kah12
2
= Pa
Ka
1 sin
1 + sin
= Ka
) Ka = tan 2 (45o
2
Ka 0.27 0.40
Kph22
2
= Pp
Kp
1 + sin
1 sin
= Kp
) Kp = tan 2 (45o +
2
1
Ka
= Kp
Kp 2.50 4.0
3\1
www.muhandes.net
( Ka = cos
)(hsurwsur
= hsur
www.muhandes.net
) (
: 1.5 2.0
:
1.5 2.0
:
www.muhandes.net
0.5 0.70
0.10
0.075
0.25 0.33
0.25
.
) (
) (
.
.
www.muhandes.net
.
.
.
.
.
1
) ----------------------------------------------- (1
F = Ka G H2 / 2
10 .
:
Ka = 0.33
G = 18 kN/m3
H = 10m
10
www.muhandes.net
F = 300 kN
M = 300 * 10/3
M = 933 kN . m
0.50
0.60
0.00
10.00
25.00
0.00
8.00
30.00
0.50
0.50
Ka=0.30
Kp=7.70
SFslip = 1.08
SFovt = -15.23
=0.58
V=337.9kN
v= 0.77MPa
vc= 0.72MPa
www.muhandes.net
11
Wall Moments
Moment max = 903 kNm @ -.600m
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
4.00
)Height (m
5.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
12
www.muhandes.net
0.50
3.30
0.00
0.60
0.00
10.00
25.00
R=91.15kN
4.00
30.00
0.50
0.50
185.1kPa
Wall type: Propped cantilever SFslip = 1.50
Theory: Coulomb
Ka=0.30
Kp=7.70
=0.58
V=210.3kN
v= 0.48MPa
vc= 0.35MPa
www.muhandes.net
13