مبادئ ادارة الاعمال

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٦١
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ?  ‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Ralph Davis ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬jone f.me 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?
،،،?Henri fayol 
 K?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  K
-٢-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٩٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٣-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Max weberW‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
WE١٩٢٥–١٨٤١FHenry Fayal
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٩١٦ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
K١٩٤٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،F
 KE‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٤-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
K
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬W‫ א‬J
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬W ‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  K١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EyFExF K٢
J W‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ExF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬x ‫א‬EyF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬W
 W
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬ K١
Ex٢F‫א‬Ex١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
y =١٠x١H٢٠x٢
Ex٢F،Ex١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Ex٢FEx١F‫א‬
Y=١٠(١٠٠٠)H٢٠(٢٠٠٠)
-٦-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
Management Information system - MIS)W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٣
‫؟‬Ey FEx F K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬

-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
: ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K .٣
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 
 W‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬  .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،K‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬،
 KK‫א‬‫א‬
K ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
-٩-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
.%٩٠ W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬.٤
.‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬W
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٩٦٦‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ g
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، g
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ g
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬g
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ g
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬g
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
- ١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Estieglit٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٦٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬.٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WK‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
W‫א‬‫א‬
 strategic planning W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 tactical planning ‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 operational planning ‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،،F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ـ أهﺪاف ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬
. ‫ـ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت‬
‫ـ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت‬
‫ـ أهﺪاف ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ـ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬
‫ـ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ـ إﺟﺮاءات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬
( ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ) اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
. ‫ـ ﺟﺪاول ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ K٦
 E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
- ٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬


‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷهﺪاف‬ 

‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺮوض اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬ 

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ‬ 

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬


‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ‬ 

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

  K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨
 E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬١٩٧٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬‫ا‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
.٪٩٠ : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K .٣
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬.٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ E١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rational model K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬


‫ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ א‬


 ‫א‬


‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
W J ٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٨
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٩
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬ J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
principles of organizing ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
. ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K
K،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

- ٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬ J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 W‫א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬.٧
- ٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ .٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫ א‬.٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ .١٠
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ .١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ .١٢
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K
- ٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E٧
K‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
K‫א‬ E٩

 Worganization structure ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١J ١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١J ٢FK‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬E٣–٢F‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 .٢

‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻐﺰل‬
K١  W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
W‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣–٢F‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫ א‬E٥–٢F‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥–٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦–٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧–٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨J ٢F‫א‬

- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 canthonity and ResponsipitingW‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Esources of Authority F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 the formal theory of Authority‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Acceptance theory of authority ‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬Echister I . Barnard F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 personal theory of Authority ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 Types of Authority‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Line Authority‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٨J ٢F‫א‬
 Estaff Authority F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬
KE١٠J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K

- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 ‫א‬  .٤  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 committee Authority ‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K
‫א‬KK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Delegating Authority ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 centralization and Decentralization‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧


 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 

 Determining Degree of Decentralization‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬K٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 committees‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬K K١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫؟‬
‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKoontz and DennellF 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 the leaderships theoriesW‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 trait theory E‫א‬F‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Behavior theories ‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ 
‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮءوﺳﻴﻦ‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Likert Theory 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١–١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩J ١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥J ٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩J ٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩L١ ٩L ٩
٩
٨
٧
٥L٥
٦
٥
٤
٣ ١L١ ١L ٩
٢
١  
١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩

- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E،،FZ
EF، ‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬EF،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
 K‫א‬ .٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٦
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬.٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬.٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٩
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬.١٠
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬.١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫؟‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬،‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Human Motivation‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Defining Motivation ‫א‬W
‫א‬K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Motivation Theories ‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Reward & Punishment ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
Maslows Hierarchy of neads  ‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 physiological needs E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 safty needs W‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  social needs ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  respect –self esteem & self ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 self actualization ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺬات‬


‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت اﺣﺘﺮام وﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺬات‬ 
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬


‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ 
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬FK٣
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫؟‬‫ א‬K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٤
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤

 K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 J W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬ -١
K -٢
J W‫א‬ -٢
K -١
K -٢

- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬J W
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ QuantitativeW ‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
K،
‫א‬‫א‬WQuantitative Standards‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
K،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬J W
J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
J ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬

K? ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬-٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٩
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K٪٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Plant Layout
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Process Layout ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 Product Layout ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
MARKETING W‫א‬W
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( product planning ) W‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
( Marketing planning ) :‫א‬ .٢

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬
( Marketing channels ) : ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
‫زﻳﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ اﻷآﻔﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ واﻷﺟﻮر‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷداء‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬

‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻹﻋﺪاد واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫آﺘﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫א‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺎت واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎزات اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻹﺷﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻤﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺎﺷﺎت‬
- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
K‫א‬ -٣
K‫ א‬-٤
K‫א‬‫ א‬-٥
W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٩٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٥
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٢
،‫א‬،،،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W
W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K،K‫א‬
K،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K١٤١٧،١،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K١٩٩٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٨٥،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤٠٢،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K١٤١٦،٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٨٣،٢،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K١٤١٠،١،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WK
 K١٩٨٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤٠٥،٤٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬WK
 ‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K
 K١٤٢٠،٢،‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K١٩٩٩،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
- ١٠٣ -
‫א‬ ١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K،K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 KKK،
 KK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
١٩٩٥L٦٣‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١٧٥–١٣١L
 ‫ א‬.٤
 K٢٠٠١‫א‬٣٦‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K١٤٢٣‫א‬،٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 WL‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٣٩٩
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٤ -
‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١        ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٣        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٥        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ١٠    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١         ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ١٢       ‫א‬J
 ١٣        ‫א‬J
 ١٤       ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ١٦       ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨        ‫א‬J
 ١٩       ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٢٠       ‫א‬J
 ٢٢       ‫א‬J
 ٢٣        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٢٥     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٢٦       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٣٢      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٤      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٣٦       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٣٧     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٤١       ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٣        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٤٤        ‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬١٦١ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٤٤       ‫א‬J

 ٤٧       ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٤٧       ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٥٢       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٥٤        ‫א‬J
 ٥٥       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٥٩        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٦٤        ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٦        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٦٧         ‫א‬J
 ٦٨        ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٧٥       ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٧         ‫א‬J
 ٧٧        ‫א‬J
 ٧٨         J
 ٨١       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٢         ‫א‬J
 ٨٢         ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٨٥         ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٨٨      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٩٠       ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩١         ‫א‬J
 ٩٣         ‫א‬J
 ٩٥         ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٩٨         ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٩٩         ‫א‬‫א‬J
١٠٣           K ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

مبادئ ادارة الاعمال

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مبادئ ادارة الاعمال

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 tactical planning ‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫ـ أهﺪاف ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬

‫ـ أهﺪاف ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

principles of organizing ‫א‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻐﺰل‬

 canthonity and ResponsipitingW‫א‬‫א‬

 Esources of Authority F‫א‬

 ‫א‬  .٤  ‫א‬

 committee Authority ‫א‬W‫א‬

 Likert Theory 

 Human Motivation‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 Motivation Theories ‫א‬W

  respect –self esteem & self ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

( Marketing planning ) :‫א‬ .٢

( Marketing channels ) : ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ واﻷﺟﻮر‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷداء‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬

‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎزات اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬

 ٤٤       ‫א‬J

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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