Logaritmos

MATEMTICA Ensino Mdio

Logaritmos
x a
b
= log
Base do logaritmo
Logaritmando
Logaritmo
0 > a 0 1 > =b
Condio de Existncia
Logaritmos
x a
b
= log
Base do logaritmo
Logaritmando
Logaritmo
x a
b
= log
a b
x
=
Logaritmos
x a
b
= log
Base do logaritmo
Logaritmando
Logaritmo
x = 8 log
2
8 2 =
x
3 = x
8 log
2
3 8 log
2
=
Logaritmos
Consequncia da definio
0 1 log
1
=
b
P
1 log
2
= b P
b
n b P
n
b
= log
3
c a c a P
b b
= = log log
4
a b P
a
b
=
log
5
Logaritmos
Propriedades opertrias
( ) b a b a P
c c c
log log log
1
+ =
b a
b
a
P
c c c
log log log
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

( ) a n a P
b
n
b
log log
3
=
Logaritmos
Mudana de Base
b
a
a
c
c
b
log
log
log =
b a
b
a
a
c c
c
c
b
log log
log
log
log = =
(UDESC 2006-1) Se , e ,
pode-se afirmar que:
3 log = b
a
4 log = c
a
x
c
b
a
= log
x
c
b
a
= log c b
c
b
a a a
log log log =
4 3 log =
c
b
a
1 log =
c
b
a
c
b
a =
1
b
c
a =
B
(UDESC 2007-2) A expresso que representa a
soluo da equao 11
x
130 = 0 :
130
11 x log =
11
130 x log =
130
11
log
x =
130
11
x log
| |
=
|
\ .
11
130 x log =
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
b
c
log a c b a = =
11 130
x
=
130
11
a
b
c x
=
=
=
11
130 log x =
11
130 x log =
B
Funo Logartmica
Definio
R R f
+
*
:
( ) x x f
b
log =
*
+
R Domnio
( ) R f = Im
Imagem
R
( )
*
+
= R f D
Funo Logartmica
Representao Grfica
( ) x x f
2
log =
1
x
y
1
2
1
2
1
0
Funo Exponencial
Representao Grfica
( ) x x g
2
1
log =
1
2
x
y
1
1
0
Funo Exponencial
Representao Grfica
( ) x x g
2
1
log =
1
2
x
y
1
1
1
x
y
1
2
1
2
1
0
0
( ) x x f
2
log =
1 > b
Crescente
1 0 < <b
e Decrescent
Funo Exponencial
Inversa da Funo Logartmica
x
y
( ) x x f
b
log =
1
1
( )
x
b x f =
1 > b
Crescente
x y =
Funo Exponencial
Inversa da Funo Logartmica
x
y
( ) x x f
b
log =
1
1
( )
x
b x f =
1 0 < <b
e Decrescent
x y =
(UDESC 2007-2) A expresso que representa a
inversa da funo
( ) ( )
3
1 f x log x = +
:
( )
1
3 1
x
f x

= +
( )
1
3 1
x
f x

=
( )
1
3 1 f x x

=
( ) ( )
1
3 1
x
f x

=
( )
( ) 1
1
3
x
f x log
+

=
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
( )
3
1 y log x = +
3 1
3 1
3 1
y
x
x
x
y
y
= +
= +
=
( )
1
3 1
x
f x

=
B
Equao Logartmica
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x g x f x g x f
b b
= = log log
( ) 5 3 log
2
= x
3 2
5
= x
x = +3 32
35 = x
0 3> x
3 > x
{ } 35 = S
Equao Logartmica
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x g x f x g x f
b b
= = log log
( )
( ) 2 9 5 log
1
=

x
x
( ) 9 5 1
2
= x x
9 5 1 2
2
= + x x x
0 9 5 > x
5
9
> x
0 1> x 1 > x
1 1= x 2 = x
0 10 7
2
= + x x
2
1
= x
5
1
= x
{ } 5 = S
Equao Logartmica
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x g x f x g x f
b b
= = log log
( ) ( ) 8 log 4 log 3 log
5 5 5
= + + x x
0 3> x 3 > x
0 4 > + x 4 > x
4
1
= x
3 > x
{ } 4 = S
( ) ( ) 8 log 4 3 log
5 5
= + x x
8 12
2
= + x x
0 20
2
= + x x
5
2
= x
0 20
2
= + x x
(UDESC 2006-2) O valor de x que torna a expresso
( ) 2 5 log
2
4
1
= x
( )
2
2
5
4
1
=
|
.
|

\
|

x
0 5 > x
9 = x
C
verdadeira :
( ) 2 5 log
2
4
1
= x
25 10 16
2
+ = x x
9 10
2
+ x x
1
1
= x 9
2
= x
5 > x
C.E
(UDESC 2006-1) Se , ento o valor de
x :
3
5
2 log log
8 8
= + x x
2
3
5
2 8 x =
A
3
5
2 log log
8 8
= + x x ( )
3
5
2 log
8
= x x
( )
2
3
5
3
2 2 x =
2 5
2 2 x =
2
16 x =
2
2 32 x =
4 = x
0 > x
C.E
4 = x
Inequao Logartmica
( ) ( ) x g x f
b b
log log >
1 > b
( ) ( ) x g x f >
1 0 < <b
( ) ( ) x g x f s
( ) 5 log 3 log
2 2
> x
5 3> x
8 > x
0 3> x
C.E
3 > x
{ } 3 / > e = x R x S
| | + = , 3 S
Inequao Logartmica
( ) ( ) x g x f
b b
log log >
1 > b
( ) ( ) x g x f >
1 0 < <b
( ) ( ) x g x f s
( ) ( ) 2 log 8 2 log
3
2
3
2
< x x
2 8 2 > x x
6 > x
0 8 2 > x
C.E
4 > x
0 2 > x
2 > x
I II
4 > = x II I
Inequao Logartmica
( ) ( ) 3 4 log 3 log
2 2
< + + x x
8 12
2
< + x x
( ) ( )
3
2 2
2 log 4 3 log < + x x
( ) ( )
3
2 2
2 log 4 3 log < + x x
0 20
2
< + x x
5
1
= x
4
2
= x
x
5

+ + +
4
+ + +
4 5 < < x
Inequao Logartmica
( ) ( ) 3 4 log 3 log
2 2
< + + x x
x
5

+ + +
4
+ + +
4 5 < < x
0 3> x
C.E
3 > x
0 4 > + x
4 > x
3 > x
{ } 4 3 / < < e = x R x S
0 20
2
< + x x