Classnote 50aa1b02923bf

MECHANICAL
W AVES
PHYSICS
CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS
KEY CONCEPTS ................................................................... Page 2
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK ......................................... Page 5
SUBJECTIVE-I ...................................................................... Page 31
SUBJECTIVE-II ..................................................................... Page 35
ANSWER KEY ....................................................................... Page 38
By N.K.C. SIR
[2]
ETOOS Academy Ltd. : F-106, Road no.2, Indraprastha Industrial Area, End of Evergreen Motors
(Mahindra Showroom), BSNL Office Lane, Jhalawar Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005)
KEY CONCEPTS
1. Wave Equation :
(i) The equation for a progressive wave travelling in the positive x-direction is
y = sin 2
|
\
|
x
T
t
,
where y is the displacemnet at point x, at time t, A is the amplitude, T is the period and is the wavelength.
The frequency is
T
1
and the velocity of the wave is
T
.
(ii) The velocity of propagation of a transverse wave in a streched string
v =
m
T
where T is the tension in the string and m is the mass per unit length of the string.
(iii) The power transmitted along the string is proportional to the square of the square of the amplitude and
square of the frequency of the wave.
P
av
=
2
1

v
F A
2 2
= 2
2
vA
2
v
2
.
(iv) The equation for a stationary wave is
y =
|
\
|
x 2
cos A 2
sin
T
t 2
(v) In a sonometer wire of length L and mass per unit length m under tension T vibrating in n loops
f
n
=
L 2
n

m
T
(vi) Pitch, loudness and quality are the characteristics of a musical note. Pitch depends on the frequency.
Loudness depends on intensity and quality depends on the waveform of the constituent overtones.
(vii) Resonance occurs when the forcing frequency is equal to the natural frequency of a vibrating body.
(viii) Velocity of propagation of sound in a gas =
D
P
, where D is the density of the gas and is the ratio of
specific heats.
[3]
2. Vibrating air columns :
(i) In a pipe of length L closed at one end, the funamental note has a frequency f
1
=
L 4
v
, where v is the
velocity of sound in air.
(ii) The first overtone f
2
=
L
v
= 2f
1
3. Propagation of sound in solids :
(i) The velocity of propagation of a longitudinal wave in a rod of Youngs modulus Y and density is given
by
v =

Y
(ii) In a sonometer wire of length L and mass per unit length m under tension T vibrating in n loops
f
n
=
L 2
n

m
T
(iii) Propagation of sound in gases
Laplace formula v =

P
where is the ratio of specific heats, P is the pressure and is the density.
273
t 273
T
T
v
v
0 0
t
+
= =
4. Doppler Effect :
(i) When a source of sound moves with a velocity v
s
in a certain direction, the wavelength decreases in front
of the source and increases behind the source.
(in front) =
s
s
f
v v
; f = s
s
f
v v
v
'
v
(behind) =
s
s
f
v v +
; f = s
s
f
v v
v
' '
v
+
=
Here v is the velocity of sound in air.

(ii) The apparent frequency =
s
0
f
v
v v
(a) When the source is moving towards the observer and the observer is moving away from the source, the
apparent frequency
f
a
= s
s
0
f
v v
v v
(b) When the source and the observer are moving towards each other.
f
a
= s
s
0
f
v v
v v
+
[4]
(c) When the source and observer are moving away from each other,
f
a
= s
s
0
f
v v
v v
+
(d) When the source is moving away from the observer and the observer is moving towards the source
f
a
= s
s
0
f
v v
v v
+
+
Here all velocities are relation to the medium.
5. Loudness of sound :
The loudness level B of sound is expressed in decibels,
B = 10 log
0
I
I
where I is the intensity, I
0
is a reference intensity.
6. Beats :
When two tuning forks of close but different frequencies f
1
and f
2
are vibrating simultaneously at nearby
places, a listener observes a fluctuation in the intensity of sound, called beats. The number of beats heard
per second is f
1
f
2
.
[5]
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.
Take approx. 2 minutes for answering each question.
Q.1 A wave is propagating along x-axis. The displacement of particles of the medium in z-direction at t = 0
is given by: z = exp[ (x + 2)
2
] , where x is in meters. At t = 1s, the same wave disturbance is given by:
z = exp[ (2 x)
2
]. Then, the wave propagation velocity is
(A) 4 m/s in + x direction (B) 4 m/s in x direction
(C) 2 m/s in + x direction (D) 2 m/s in x direction
Ans.
Q.2 Figure shown the shape of part of a long string in which
transverse waves are produced by attaching one end of the
string to tuning fork of frequency 250 Hz. What is the velocity
of the waves?
(A) 1.0 ms
1
(B) 1.5 ms
1
(C) 2.0 ms
1
(D) 2.5 ms
1
Ans.
Q.3 A block of mass 1 kg is hanging vertically from a string of length 1 m and
mass/length = 0.001 Kg/m. A small pulse is generated at its lower end. The pulse
reaches the top end in approximately
(A) 0.2 sec (B) 0.1 sec (C) 0.02 sec (D) 0.01 sec
Ans.
Q.4 A uniform rope having some mass hanges vertically from a rigid support. A transverse wave pulse is
produced at the lower end. The speed (v) of the wave pulse varies with height (h) from the lower end as:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
[6]
Ans.
Q.5 Consider a function y = 10sin
2
(100t+5z) where y, z are in cm and t is in second.
(A) the function represents a travelling, periodic wave propagating in (z) direction with speed 20m/s.
(B) the function does not represent a travelling wave.
(C) the amplitude of the wave is 5 cm.
(D) the amplitude of the wave is 10 cm.
Ans.
Q.6 The displacement from the position of equilibrium of a point 4 cm from a source of sinusoidal oscillations
is half the amplitude at the moment t = T/6(T is the time period). Assume that the source was at mean
position at t = 0. The wavelength of the running wave is
(A) 0.96 m (B) 0.48 m (C) 0.24 m (D) 0.12 m
Ans.
Q.7 The period of oscillations of a point is 0.04 sec. and the velocity of propagation of ocillation is 300m/sec.
The difference of phases between the ocillations of two points at distances 10 and 16m respectively
from the source of ocillations is
(A) 2 (B) /2 (C) /4 (D)
Ans.
Q.8 A motion is described by y =
2 2
) t 3 x ( a
3
+ +
where y, x are in meter and t is in second.
(A) This represents equation of progressive wave propagating along x direction with 3 ms
1
.
(B) This represents equation of progressive wave propagating along +x direction with 3 ms
1
.
(C) This does not represent a progressive wave equation.
(D) data is insufficient to arrive at any conclusion.
[7]
Ans.
Q.9 A pulse shown here is reflected from the rigid wall A
and then from free end B. The shape of the string
after these 2 reflection will be
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Ans.
Q.10 A wave pulse on a string has the dimension shown in figure. The waves
speed is v = 1 cm/s. If point O is a free end. The shape of wave at time
t = 3 s is :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans.
Q.11 A string 1m long is drawn by a 300Hz vibrator attached to its end. The string vibrates in 3 segments.
The speed of transverse waves in the string is equal to
(A) 100 m/s (B) 200 m/s (C) 300 m/s (D) 400 m/s
Ans.
[8]
Q.12 A wave is represented by the equation y = 10 sin 2(100t0.02x) + 10 sin 2(100t+0.02x).
The maximum amplitude and loop length are respectively
(A) 20 units and 30 units (B) 20 units and 25 units
(C) 30 units and 20 units (D) 25 units and 20 units
Ans.
Q.13 The resultant amplitude due to superposition of two waves y
1
= 5sin (wt kx) and
y
2
= 5 cos (wt kx 150)
(A) 5 (B)
5 3
(C) 5 2 3 (D) 5 2 3 +
Ans.
Q.14 A wave represented by the equation y = A cos (kx t) is superimposed with another wave to form a
statioary wave such that the point x =0 is a node. The equation of the other wave is:
(A) A sin (kx + t) (B) A cos (kx + t) (C) A sin (kx + t) (D) A cos (kx + t)
Ans.
Q.15 A taut string at both ends vibrates in its n
th
overtone. The distance between adjacent Node and Antinode
is found to be 'd'. If the length of the string is L, then
(A) L = 2d (n + 1) (B) L = d (n + 1) (C) L = 2dn (D) L = 2d (n 1)
Ans.
Q.16 A standing wave y = A sin
20
3
x
|
\
| cos (1000t) is maintained in a taut string where y and x are

expressed in meters. The distance between the successive points oscillating with the amplitude A/2
across a node is equal to
(A) 2.5cm (B) 25cm (C) 5cm (D) 10cm
[9]
Ans.
Q.17 A string of length 1m and linear mass density 0.01kgm
1
is stretched to a tension of 100N. When both
ends of the string are fixed, the three lowest frequencies for standing wave are f
1
, f
2
and f
3
. When only
one end of the string is fixed, the three lowest frequencies for standing wave are n
1
, n
2
and n3. Then
(A) n
3
= 5n
1
= f
3
= 125 Hz (B) f
3
= 5f
1
= n
2
= 125 Hz
(C) f
3
= n
2
= 3f
1
= 150 Hz (D) n
2
=
2
f f
2 1
+
= 75 Hz
Ans.
Q.18 A sonometer wire has a total length of 1 m between the fixed ends. Two wooden bridges are placed
below the wire at a distance 1/7 m from one end and 4/7 m from the other end. The three segments of the
wire have their fundamental frequencies in the ratio :
(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 4 : 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1/2 : 1/3 (D) 1 : 1 : 1
Ans.
Q.19 A person can hear frequencies only upto 10 kHz. A steel piano wire 50 cm long of mass 5 g is stretched
with a tension of 400 N. The number of the highest overtone of the sound produced by this piano wire
that the person can hear is
(A) 48 (B) 50 (C) 49 (D) 51
Ans.
Q.20 A chord attached to a vibrating form divides it into 6 loops, when its tension is 36 N. The tension at
which it will vibrate in 4 loops is
(A) 24 N (B) 36 N (C) 64 N (D) 81 N
Ans.
[10]
Q.21 A string of length 0.4 m & mass 10
2
kg is tightly clamped at its ends . The tension in the string is 1.6 N.
Identical wave pulses are produced at one end at equal intervals of time,

t . The minimum value
of

t

which allows constructive interference between successive pulses is :
(A) 0.05 s (B) 0.10 s (C) 0.20 s (D) 0.40 s
Ans.
Q.22 Figure, shows a stationary wave between two fixed points P and Q. Which
point(s) of 1, 2 and 3 are in phase with the point X?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 3 only
Ans.
Q.23 A wave travels uniformly in all directions from a point source in an isotropic medium. The displacement
of the medium at any point at a distance r from the source may be represented by
(A is a constant representing strength of source)
(A) [A/
r
] sin (kr t) (B) [A/r] sin (kr t)
(C) [Ar] sin (kr t) (D) [A/r
2
] sin (kr t)
Ans.
Q.24 Three coherent waves of equal frequencies having amplitude 10 m, 4m and 7 m respectively, arrive
at a given point with successive phase difference of /2. The amplitude of the resulting wave in m is
given by
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans.
[11]
Q.25 A person standing at a distance of 6 m from a source of sound receives sound wave
in two ways, one directly from the source and other after reflection from a rigid
boundary as shown in the figure. The maximum wavelength for which, the person
will receive maximum sound intensity, is
(A) 4 m (B)
3
16
m (C) 2 m (D)
3
8
m
Ans.
Q.26 The ratio of intensities between two coherent soud sources is 4 : 1. The differenmce of loudness in dB
between maximum and minimum intensities when they interfere in space is:
(A) 10 log 2 (B) 20 log 3 (C) 10 log 3 (D) 20 log 2
Ans.
Q.27 In Quinckes tube a detector detects minimum intensity. Now one of the tube is displaced by 5 cm.
During displacement detector detects maximum intensity 10 times, then finally a minimum intensity (when
displacement is complete). The wavelength of sound is:
(A) 10/9 cm (B) 1 cm (C) 1/2 cm (D) 5/9 cm
Ans.
Q.28 The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity due to superposition of two waves is
9
49
. Then the ratio of
the intensity of component waves is
(A)
4
25
(B)
25
16
(C)
49
4
(D)
49
9
Ans.
[12]
Q.29 Two waves of sound having intensities I and 4I interfere to produce interference pattern. The phase
difference between the waves is /2 at point A and at point B. Then the difference between the
resultant intensities at A and B is
(A) 2I (B) 4I (C) 5I (D) 7I
Ans.
Q.30 Sound waves of frequency 660 Hz fall normally on a perfectly reflecting wall. The shortest distance from
the wall at which the air particle has maximum amplitude of vibration is (velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s)
(A) 0.125 m (B) 0.5 m (C) 0.25 m (D) 2 m
Ans.
Q.31 An open organ pipe of length L vibrates in second harmonic mode. The pressure vibration is maximum
(A) at the two ends (B) at a distance L/4 from either end inside the tube
(C) at the mid-point of the tube (D) none of these
Ans.
Q.32 An open organ pipe of length l is sounded together with another organ pipe of length l + x in their
fundamental tones (x << l). The beat frequency heard will be (speed of sound is v) :
(A)
2
4
vx
l
(B)
x 2
v
2
l
(C) 2
2
x v
l
(D)
l 2
x v
2
Ans.
Q.33 A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is vibrated just above a cylindrical tube of length 120 cm. Water is
slowly poured in the tube. If the speed of sound is 340 ms
1
then the minimum height of water required
for resonance is:
(A) 95 cm (B) 75 cm (C) 45 cm (D) 25 cm
Ans.
[13]
Q.34 In a closed end pipe of length 105 cm, standing waves are set up corresponding to the third overtone.
What distance from the closed end, amongst the following, is a pressure Node?
(A) 20 cm (B) 60 cm (C) 85 cm (D) 45 cm
Ans.
Q.35 A pipes lower end is immersed in water such that the length of air column from the top open end has a
certain length 25 cm. The speed of sound in air is 350 m/s. The air column is found to resonate with a
tuning fork of frequency 1750 Hz. By what minimum distance should the pipe be raised in order to make
the air column resonate again with the same tuning fork?
(A) 7 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 35 cm (D) 10 cm
Ans.
Q.36 In case of closed organ pipe which harmonic the p
th
overtone will be
(A) 2p + 1 (B) 2p 1 (C) p + 1 (D) p 1
Ans.
Q.37 If l
1
and l
2
are the lengths of air column for the first and second resonance when a tuning fork of
frequency n is sounded on a resonance tube, then the distance of the displacement antinode from the top
end of the resonance tube is:
(A) 2(l
2
l
1
) (B)
2
1
(2l
1
l
2
) (C)
2
l 3 l
1 2

(D)
2
l l
1 2

Ans.
Q.38 A closed orgain pipe has length l. The air in it is vibrating in 3
rd
overtone with maximum displacement
amplitude a. The displacement amplitude at distance l / 7 from closed end of the pipe is:
(A) 0 (B) a (C) a / 2 (D) none of these
Ans.
[14]
Q.39 The first resonance length of a resonance tube is 40 cm and the second resonance length is 122 cm. The
third resonance length of the tube will be
(A) 200 cm (B) 202 cm (C) 203 cm (D) 204 cm
Ans.
Q.40 Two tuning forks A & B produce notes of frequencies 256 Hz & 262 Hz respectively. An unknown note
sounded at the same time as A produces beats . When the same note is sounded with B, beat frequency
is twice as large . The unknown frequency could be :
(A) 268 Hz (B) 260 Hz (C) 250 Hz (D) 242 Hz
Ans.
Q.41 A closed organ pipe and an open pipe of same length produce 4 beats when they are set into vibrations
simultaneously. If the length of each of them were twice their initial lengths, the number of beats produced
will be
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 8
Ans.
Q.42 The speed of sound in a gas, in which two waves of wavelength 1.0 m and 1.02 m produce 6 beats per
second, is approximately:
(A) 350 m/s (B) 300 m/s (C) 380 m/s (D) 410 m/s
Ans.
[15]
Q.43 In a test of subsonic Jet flies over head at an altitude of 100 m. The sound intensity on the ground as the
Jet passes overhead is 160 dB. At what altitude should the plane fly so that the ground noise is not
greater than 120 dB.
(A) above 10 km from ground (B) above 1 km from ground
(C) above 5 km from ground (D) above 8 km from ground
Ans.
Q.44 Consider two sound sources S
1
and S
2
having same frequency 100Hz
and the observer O located between them as shown in the fig. All the
three are moving with same velocity in same direction. The beat frequency
of the observer is
(A) 50Hz (B) 5 Hz (C) zero (D) 2.5 Hz
Ans.
Q.45 Source and observer both start moving simultaneously from origin, one along x-axis and the other along
y-axis with speed of source = twice the speed of observer. The graph between the apparent frequency
observed by observer f and time t would approximately be :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans.
Q.46 A stationary sound source 's' of frequency 334 Hz and a stationary observer 'O' are placed near a
reflecting surface moving away from the source with velocity 2 m/sec as shown in the figure. If the
velocity of the sound waves in air is V = 330 m/sec, the apparent frequency of the echo is
(A) 332 Hz (B) 326 Hz
(C) 334 Hz (D) 330 Hz
[16]
Ans.
Q.47 A source S of frequency f
0
and an observer O, moving with speeds v
1
and v
2
respectively, are movinng
away from each other. When they are separated by distance a (t =0), a pulse is emitted by the source.
This pulse is received by O at time t
1
then t
1
, is equal to
(A)
2 s
v v
a
+
(B)
s 1
v v
a
+
(C)
2 s
v v
a
(D)
s 2 1
v v v
a
+ +
Ans.
Q.48 A detector is released from rest over a source of sound of frequency
f
0
= 10
3
Hz. The frequency observed by the detector at time t is plotted
in the graph. The speed of sound in air is (g = 10 m/s
2
)
(A) 330 m/s (B) 350 m/s
(C) 300 m/s (D) 310 m/s
Ans.
Q.49 An observer starts moving with uniform acceleration 'a' towards a stationary sound source of frequency
f. As the observer approaches the source, the apparent frequency f' heard by the observer varies with
time t as:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans.
[17]
Q.50 A sounding body of negligible dimension emitting a frequency of 150 Hz is dropped from a height.
During its fall under gravity it passes near a balloon moving up with a constant velocity of 2m/s one
second after it started to fall.The difference in the frequency observed by the man in balloon just before
and just after crossing the body will be : (Given that -velocity of sound = 300m/s; g = 10m/s
2
)
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 4
Ans.
Q.51 A source of sound S having frequency f. Wind is blowing from source to observer O with velocity u. If
speed of sound with respect to air is C, the wavelength of sound detected by O is:
(A)
f
u C+
(B)
f
u C
(C)
( )
( )f u C
u C C
+
(D)
f
C
Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 52 to 54
A tube of air 2 feet in length has a pressure versus distance graph as shown at t = 0. It is vibrating in one
of its allowed standing wave modes.
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
distance in feet
High pressure
Normal pressure
Low pressure
Q.52 The tube has
(A) both ends open (B) both ends closed
(C) left end open, right end closed (D) left end closed, right end open
Ans.
Q.53 Which standing wave is this?
(A) fundamental (B) second harmonic (C) second overtone (D) first overtone
Ans.
[18]
Q.54 Which of the following graphs of molecular displacement vs. horizontal distance corresponds to the
above pressure graph?
(A)
S
0
0.0
S
0
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Distance
(B)
S
0
0
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Distance
S
0
(C)
S
0
0.0
S
0
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Distance
(D)
0
S
0
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Distance
S
0
Ans.
Q.55 The equations of two displacement sound waves propagating in a medium are given by s
1
= 2 sin
(200t) and s
2
= 5 sin (150t). The ratio of intensities of sound produced is :
(A) 4 : 25 (B) 9 : 100 (C) 8 : 15 (D) 64 : 225
Ans.
ASSERTION AND REASON
Q.1 Statement-1 : In a sinusoidal travelling wave on a string potential energy of deformation of string element
at extreme position is maximum.
Statement-2 : the particles in sinusoidal travelling wave perform SHM.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true, statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true, statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
Ans.
[19]
Q.2 Statement-1 : When a pulse on string reflects from free end, the resultant pulse is formed in such a way
that slope of string at free end is zero.
Statement-2 : Zero resultant slope ensures that there is no force component perpendicular to string.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Ans.
Q.3 Statement-1 : When a closed organ pipe vibrates, the pressure of the gas at the closed end remains
constant.
Statement-2 : In a stationary-wave system, displacement nodes are pressure antinodes, and
displacement antinodes are pressure nodes.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ans.
Q.4 Statement-1 : The pitch of wind instruments rises and that of string instruments falls as an orchestra
warms up.
Statement-2 : When temperature rises, speed of sound increases but speed of wave in a string fixed at
both ends decreases .
Ans.
Q.5 Statement-1 : Two sound waves of same intensity in a particular medium will have displacement
amplitude in ratio of 2 :1 if they have frequency in the ratio 1 : 2.
Statement-2 : Two wave of same velocity amplitude in a particular medium have equal intensity.
[20]
Ans.
Q.6 Statement-1 : When the medium in which sound wave is propagating is moving, than the frequency of
sound wave does not change.
Statement-2 : Frequency of sound is independent of velocity of medium.
Ans.
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT
Take approx. 3 minutes for answering each question.
Q.1 A sinusoidal progressive wave is generated in a string. Its equation is given by
y = (2 mm) sin (2x 100 t + /3). The time when particle at x = 4 m first passes through mean
position, will be
(A)
150
1
sec (B)
12
1
sec (C)
300
1
sec (D)
100
1
sec
Ans.
Q.2 A transverse wave is described by the equation y = A sin [2 (f t x/) ].The maximum particle velocity
is equal to four times the wave velocity if:
(A) = A/4 (B) = A/2 (C) = A (D) = 2A
Ans.
Q.3 A wave equation is given as y = cos(500t 70x), where y is in mm, x in m and t is in sec.
(A) the wave must be a transverse propagating wave.
(B) The speed of the wave is 50/7 m/s
(C) The frequency of oscillations 1000 Hz
(D) Two closest points which are in same phase have separation 20/7 cm.
[21]
Ans.
Q.4 At a certain moment, the photograph of a string on which a harmonic
wave is travelling to the right is shown. Then, which of the following is
true regarding the velocities of the points P, Q and R on the string.
(A) v
P
is upwards (B) v
Q
= v
R
(C) | v
P
| > | v
Q
| = | v
R
| (D) v
Q
= v
R
Ans.
Q.5 A perfectly elastic uniform string is suspended vertically with its upper end fixed to the ceiling and the
lower end loaded with the weight. If a transverse wave is imparted to the lower end of the string, the
pulse will
(A) not travel along the length of the string (B) travel upwards with increasing speed
(C) travel upwards with decreasing speed (D) travelled upwards with constant acceleration
Ans.
Q.6 One end of a string of length L is tied to the ceiling of a lift accelerating upwards with an acceleration 2g.
The other end of the string is free. The linear mass density of the string varies linearly from 0 to from
bottom to top.
(A) The velocity of the wave in the string will be 0.
(B) The acceleration of the wave on the string will be 3g/4 every where.
(C) The time taken by a pulse to reach from bottom to top will be g 3 / L 8 .
(D) The time taken by a pulse to reach from bottom to top will be
g 3 / L 4
.
Ans.
[22]
Q.7 The vibration of a string fixed at both ends are described by Y= 2 sin(x) sin(100t) where Y is in mm,x
is in cm,t in sec then
(A)Maximum displacement of the particle at x = 1/6 cm would be 1 mm.
(B) velocity of the particle at x = 1/6 cm at time t = 1/600 sec will be 157 3 mm/s
(C) If the length of the string be 10 cm, number of loop in it would be 5
(D) None of these
Ans.
Q.8 In a standing wave on a string.
(A) In one time period all the particles are simultaneously at rest twice.
(B) All the particles must be at their positive extremes simultaneously once in one time period.
(C) All the particles may be at their positive extremes simultaneouslyonce in a time period.
(D) All the particles are never at rest simultaneously.
Ans.
Q.9 A standing wave pattern of amplitude A in a string of length L shows 2 nodes (plus those at two ends). If
one end of the string corresponds to the origin and v is the speed of progressive wave, the disturbance
in the string, could be represented (with appropriate phase) as:
(A)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
L
vt 2
cos
L
x 2
sin A ) t , x ( y
(B)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
L
vt 3
sin
L
x 3
cos A ) t , x ( y
(C)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
L
vt 4
cos
L
x 4
cos A ) t , x ( y
(D)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
L
vt 3
cos
L
x 3
sin A ) t , x ( y
Ans.
Q.10 The length, tension, diameter and density of a wire B are double than the corresponding quantities for
another stretched wire A. Then.
(A) Fundamental frequency of B is
2 2
1
times that of A.
(B) The velocity of wave in B is
2
1
times that of velocity in A.
(C) The fundamental frequency of A is equal to the third overtone of B.
(D) The velocity of wave in B is half that of velocity in A.
[23]
Ans.
Q.11 A string is fixed at both ends vibrates in a resonant mode with a separation 2.0 cm between the consecutive
nodes. For the next higher resonant frequency, this separation is reduced to 1.6 cm. The length of the
string is
(A) 4.0 cm (B) 8.0 cm (C) 12.0 cm (D) 16.0 cm
Ans.
Q.12 A clamped string is oscillating in nth harmonic, then
(A) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to n
2
times that of fundamental frequency
(B) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to (n1)
2
times that of fundamental frequency
(C) average kinetic energy of the string over a complete oscillations is half of that of the total
energy of the string.
(D) none of these
Ans.
Q.13 Y(x,t) = 0.05 / [(4x + 2t)
2
+ 5] represents a moving wave pulse, where x and y are in meters and t is in
seconds. Then which statement(s) are correct:
(A) pulse is moving in x direction (B) wave speed is 0.5 m/s
(C) max. particle displacement is 1 cm (D) it is a symmetric pulse
Ans.
Q.14 The (x

,

y) coordinates of the corners of a square plate are (0, 0) (L, 0) (L, L) & (0, L). The edges
of the plate are clamped & transverse standing waves are set up in it . If u

(x, y) denotes t he displacement
of the plate at the point (x, y) at some instant of time, the possible expression(s) for u is/are : (a = positive
constant)
(A) a cos
x
L 2
|
\
| cos
y
L 2
|
\
| (B) a sin
x
L
|
\
| sin
y
L
|
\
|
(C) a sin
x
L
|
\
| sin
2y
L
|
\
| (D) a cos
2x
L
|
\
| sin
y
L
|
\
|
[24]
Ans.
Q.15 Which of the following statements are wrong about the velocity of sound in air:
(A) decreases with increases in temperature (B) increases with decrease in temperature
(C) decreases as humidity increases (D) independent of density of air.
Ans.
Q.16 The particle displacement of a travelling longitudional wave is represented by S = S (x, t). The midpoints
of a compression zone and an adjacent rarefaction zone are represented by the letter C and R. Which
of the following is true?
(A) |S / x|
C
= |S / x|
R
(B) |S / t|
C
= |S / t|
R
= 0
(C) (pressure)
C
(pressure)
R
= 2 |S / x|
C
x Bulk modulus of air.
(D) Particles of air are stationary mid-way between C and R.
Ans.
Question No. 17 to 22 (6 questions)
The figure represents the instantaneous displacement-position graph of a
longitudinal harmonic wave travelling along the negative x-axis. Identify the correct
statement(s) related to the movement of the points shown in the figure.
a
c
d
e
f
g
h
b
x
s
o
j
k
i
v
Q.17 The points moving in the direction of wave are
(A) b (B) c (C) f (D) i
Ans.
Q.18 The points moving opposite to the direction of propagation are
(A) a (B) d (C) f (D) j
Ans.
[25]
Q.19 The stationary points are
(A) a (B) c (C) g (D) k
Ans.
Q.20 The maximum displaced points are
(A) a (B) e (C) g (D) i
Ans.
Q.21 The points of maximum compression are
(A) c (B) g (C) e (D) k
Ans.
Q.22 The points of maximum rarefaction are
(A) a (B) e (C) g (D) i
Ans.
Q.23 Which of the following graphs is/are correct.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans.
Q.24 Two waves are propagating along a taut string that coincides with the x-axis. The first wave has the wave
function y
1
=Acos[k(xvt)] and the second has the wave function y=Acos[k(x+vt)+].
(A) For constructive interference at x=0, =.
(B) For constructive interference at x=0, =3.
(C) For destructive interference at x=0, =.
(D) For destructive interference at x=0, =2.
[26]
Ans.
Q.25 Two interfering waves have the same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. They are traveling in the
same direction but are 90 out of phase. Compared to the individual waves, the resultant wave will have
the same.
(A) amplitude and velocity but different wavelength
(B) amplitude and wavelength but different velocity
(C) wavelength and velocity but different amplitude
(D) amplitude and frequency but different velocity
Question No. 26 to 30 (5 questions)
A narrow tube is bent in the form of a circle of radius R, as shown in the figure.
Two small holes S and D are made in the tube at the positions right angle to each
other. A source placed at S generated a wave of intensity I
0
which is equally
divided into two parts : One part travels along the longer path, while the other
travels along the shorter path. Both the part waves meet at the point D where a
detector is placed
Ans.
Q.26 If a maxima is formed at the detector then, the magnitude of wavelength of the wave produced is given by
(A) R (B)
2
R
(C)
4
R
(D)
3
R 2
Ans.
Q.27 If the minima is formed at the detector then, the magnitude of wavelength of the wave produced is
given by
(A) 2R (B)
2
R 3
(C)
3
R 2
(D)
5
R 2
Ans.
Q.28 The maximum intensity produced at D is given by
(A) 4I
0
(B) 2I
0
(C) I
0
(D) 3I
0
[27]
Ans.
Q.29 The maximum value of to produce a maxima at D is given by
(A) R (B) 2R (C)
2
R
(D)
2
R 3
Ans.
Q.30 The maximum value of to produce a minima at D is given by
(A) R (B) 2R (C)
2
R
(D)
2
R 3
Ans.
Q.31 The second overtone of an open organ pipe A and a closed pipe B have the same frequency at a given
temperature. It follows that the ratio of the
(A) length of A and B is 4 : 3
(B) fundamental frequencies of A & B is 5 : 6
(C) lengths of B to that of A is 5 : 6
(D) frequencies of first overtone of A & B is 10 : 9
Ans.
Q.32 Four open organ pipes of different lengths and different gases
at same temperature as shown in figure. Let f
A
, f
B
, f
C
and f
D
be
their fundamental frequencies then :[Take
2
CO
= 7/5]
(A) f
A
/f
B
=
2
(B) f
B
/f
C
= 28 72
(C) f
C
/f
D
= 28 11 (D) f
D
/f
A
= 11 76
Ans.
[28]
Q.33 A gas is filled in an organ pipe and it is sounded in fundamental mode. Choose the correct statement(s)
: (T = constant)
(A) If gas is changed from H
2
to O
2
, the resonant frequency will increase
(B) If gas is changed from O
2
to N
2
, the resonant frequency will increase
(C) If gas is changed from N
2
to He, the resonant frequency will decrease
(D) If gas is changed from He to CH
4
, the resonant frequency will decrease
Ans.
Q.34 A closed organ pipe of length 1.2 m vibrates in its first overtone mode. The pressure variation is maximum at:
(A) 0.8 m from the open end (B) 0.4 m from the open end
(C) at the open end (D) 1.0 m from the open end
Ans.
Q.35 The equation of a wave disturbance is given as : y = 0.02 cos
|
\
|
+
t 50
2
cos (10x), where x and y are
in meters and t in seconds. Choose the wrong statement:
(A) Antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m (B) The wavelength is 0.2 m
(C) The speed of the constituent waves is 4 m/s (D) Node occurs at x = 0.15 m
Ans.
Q.36 For a certain organ pipe three successive resonance frequencies are observed at 425 Hz, 595 Hz and
765 Hz respectively. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, then the length of the pipe is:
(A) 2.0 m (B) 0.4 m (C) 1.0 m (D) 0.2 m
Ans.
Q.37 In an organ pipe whose one end is at x = 0, the pressure is expressed by
p = p
0
cos
2
x 3
sin 300t where x is in meter and t in sec. The organ pipe can be
(A) closed at one end, open at another with length = 0.5m
(B) open at both ends, length = 1m
(C) closed at both ends, length = 2m
(D) closed at one end, open at another with length =
m
3
2
[29]
Ans.
Q.38 Two whistles A and B each have a frequency of 500Hz. A is stationary and B is moving towards the right
(away from A) at a speed of 50 m/s. An observer is between the two whistles moving towards the right
with a speed of 25 m/s. The velocity of sound in air is 350 m/s. Assume there is no wind. Then which of
the following statements are true:
(A) The apparent frequency of whistle B as heard by A is 444Hz approximately
(B) The apparent frequency of whistle B as heard by the observer is 469Hz approximately
(C) The difference in the apparent frequencies of A and B as heard by the observer is 4.5 Hz.
(D) The apparent frequencies of the whistles of each other as heard by A and Bare the same.
Ans.
Q.39 A car moves towards a hill with speed v
c
. It blows a horn of frequency f which is heared by an observer
following the car with speed v
0
. The speed of sound in air is v.
(A) the wavelength of sound reaching the hill is
f
v
(B) the wavelength of sound reaching the hill is
f
v v
c
(C) the beat frequency observed by the observer is

f
v v
v v
c
o
|
|
\
|
+
(D) the beat frequency observed by the observer is
2
c
2
o c
v v
f ) v v ( v 2
+
Ans.
[30]
Q.40 Two tuning forks of frequency 250 Hz and 256 Hz produce beats. If a maximum of intensity is observed
just now, after how much time the minimum is observed at the same place ?
(A)
18
1
sec (B)
4
1
sec. (C)
3
1
sec. (D)
12
1
sec.
Ans.
Q.41 In case of mechanical wave a particle oscillates and during oscillation its kinetic energy and potential
energy changes.
Column I Column II
(A) When particle of travelling wave is passing through (P) Kinetic energy is maximum
mean position.
(B) When particle of travelling wave is at extreme (Q) Potential energy is maximum
position.
(C) When particle between node and antinode in standing (R) Kinetic energy is minimum
wave is passing through mean position
(D) When particle between node and antinode in standing (S) Potential energy is minimum
wave is at extreme position
Ans.
[31]
SUBJECTIVEI
Q.1 A transverse wave is travelling along a string from left to right. The fig. represents
the shape of the string (snap-shot) at a given instant. At this instant (a) which
points have an upward velocity (b) which points will have downward velocity
(c) which points have zero velocity (d) which points have maximum magnitude
of velocity.
Ans.
Q.2 A sinusoidal wave propagates along a string. In figure (a) and (b). y represents displacement of particle
from the mean position. x & t have usual meanings. Find :
(a) wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave.
(b) maximum velocity and maximum acceleration of the particles
(c) the magnitude of slope of the string at x = 2 at t = 4 sec.
(a) (b)
t (in sec.) x (in m)
y (in mm) y (in mm)
for x = 2m at t = 3s
+3
3
0
2 1 4 3 6 5
Ans.
Q.3 The extension in a string, obeying Hooke's law is x . The speed of wave in the stretched string

is v. If
the extension in the string is increased to 1.5

x

find the new the speed of wave.
Ans.
Q.4 A steel wire has a mass of 5g/m and is under tension 450 N. Find the maximum average power that can be
carried by the transverse wave in the wire if the amplitude is not to exceed 20% of the wavelength.
Ans.
[32]
Q.5 Two strings A and B with = 2 kg/m and = 8 kg/m respectively are joined in series and kept on a
horizontal table with both the ends fixed. The tension in the string is 200 N. If a pulse of amplitude 1 cm
travels in A towards the junction, then find the amplitude of reflected and transmitted pulse.
Ans.
Q.6 A parabolic pulse given by equation y (in cm) = 0.3 0.1(x 5t)
2
(y > 0) x in meter and t in second
travelling in a uniform string. The pulse passes through a boundary beyond which its velocity becomes
2.5 m/s. What will be the amplitude of pulse in this medium after transmission?
Ans.
Q.7 A 40 cm long wire having a mass 3.2 gm and area of c.s. 1 mm
2
is stretched between the support
40.05 cm apart. In its fundamental mode. It vibrate with a frequency 1000/64 Hz. Find the youngs
modulus of the wire.
Ans.
Q.8 A string of mass 0.2kg/m in length L=0.6m is fixed at both ends and stretched such that it has a tension
of 80N. The string is vibrating in its third normal mode, has an amplitude of 0.5cm. What is the frequency
of oscillation? What is the maximum transverse velocity amplitude?
Ans.
Q.9 A stretched uniform wire of a sonometer between two fixed knife edges, when vibrates in its second
harmonic gives 1 beat per second with a vibrating tuning fork of frequency 200 Hz. Find the percentage
change in the tension of the wire to be in unison with the tuning fork.
Ans.
Q.10 A string fixed at both ends has consecutive standing wave modes for which the distances between
adjacent nodes are 18 cm and 16 cm respectively.
(a) What is the length of the string?
(b) If the tension is 10 N and the linear mass density is 4g/m, what is the fundamental frequency?
[33]
Ans.
Q.11 Find the intensity of sound wave whose frequency is 250 Hz. The displacement amplitude of particles of
the medium at this position is 1 10
8
m. The density of the medium is 1 kg/m
3
, bulk modulus of
elasticity of the medium is 400 N/m
2
.
Ans.
Q.12 The loudness level at a distance R from a long linear source of sound is found to be 40dB. At this point,
the amplitude of oscillations of air molecules is 0.01 cm. Then find the loudness level & amplitude at a
point located at a distance '10R' from the source.
Ans.
Q.13 Sound of wavelength passes through a Quinckes tube, which is adjusted to give a maximum intensity
I
0
. Find the distance through the sliding tube should be moved to give an intensity I
0
/2.
Ans.
Q.14 The first overtone of a pipe closed at one end resonates with the third harmonic of a string fixed at its
ends. The ratio of the speed of sound to the speed of transverse wave travelling on the string is 2 :1. Find
the ratio of the length of pipe to the length of string.
Ans.
Q.15 A steel rod having a length of 1 m is fastened at its middle. Assuming youngs modulus to be
2 10
11
Pa, and density to be 8 gm/cm
3
find the fundamental frequency of the longitudinal vibration and
frequency of first overtone.
Ans.
[34]
Q.16 In a resonance-column experiment, a long tube, open at the top, is clamped vertically. By a separate
device, water level inside the tube can be moved up or down. The section of the tube from the open end
to the water level act as a closed organ pipe. A vibrating tuning fork is held above the open end, first and
the second resonances occur when the water level is 24.1 cm and 74.1 cm repsectively below the open
end. Find the diameter of the tube.
Ans.
Q.17 An open organ pipe filled with air has a fundamental frequency 500Hz. The first harmonic of another
organ pipe closed at one end and filled with carbon dioxide has the same frequency as that of the first
harmonic of the open organ pipe. Calculate the length of each pipe. Assume that the velocity of sound in
air and in carbondioxide to be 330 and 264 m/s respectively.
Ans.
Q.18 Tuning fork A when sounded with a tuning fork B of frequency 480 Hz gives 5 beats per second.
When the prongs of A are loaded with wax, it gives 3 beats per second. Find the original frequency
of A.
Ans.
Q.19 A car is moving towards a huge wall with a speed = c/10 , where c = speed of sound in still air. A wind
is also blowing parallel to the velocity of the car in the same direction and with the same speed. If the car
sounds a horn of frequency f, then what is the frequency of the reflected sound of the horn heared by
driver of the car?
Ans.
Q.20 A fixed source of sound emitting a certain frequency appears as f
a
when the observer is approaching the
source with speed v and frequency f
r
when the observer recedes from the source with the same speed.
Find the frequency of the source.
Ans.
Q.21 Two stationary sources A and B are sounding notes of frequency 680 Hz. An observer moves from A to
B with a constant velocity u. If the speed of sound is 340 ms
1
, what must be the value of u so that he
hears 10 beats per second?
Ans.
[35]
SUBJECTIVEII
Q.1 A long string under tension of 100 N has one end at x = 0. A sinusoidal wave is generated at x = 0 whose
equation is given by
y = (0.01 cm) sin
(
\
|
(sec) t 50 m
10
x
(i) Sketch the shape of the string at t =
50
1
sec.
(ii) Find the average power transmitted by the wave.
(iii) Draw velocity time graph of particle at x = 5 m.
Ans.
Q.2 The figure shows a snap photograph of a vibrating string at t = 0. The particle P is observed moving up
with velocity 20 cm/s. The angle made by string with x-axis at P is 6.
(a) Find the direction in which the wave is moving
(b) the equation of the wave
(c) the total energy carried by the wave per cycle of
the string , assuming that , the mass per unit
length of the string = 50 gm/m.
Ans.
Q.3 A symmetrical triangular pulse of maximum height 0.4 m and total length 1 m is moving in the positive
x-direction on a string on which the wave speed is 24 m/s. At t = 0 the pulse is entirely located between
x=0 and x = 1 m. Draw a graph of the transverse velocity of particle of string versus time at x =+1m.
Ans.
Q.4 A string fixed at both ends is vibrating in the lowest mode of vibration for which a point at quarter of its
length from one end is a point of maximum displacement. The frequency of vibration in this mode is
100 Hz. What will be the frequency emitted when it vibrates in the next mode such that this point is again
a point of maximum displacement?
Ans.
[36]
Q.5 A steel of wire of length 25 cm is fixed at its ends to rigid walls. Youngs modulus of steel = 200 GPa,
coefficient of linear thermal expansion = 10
5
/

C. Initially, the wire is just taut at 20C temperature. The
density of steel = 8.0 g/cc. A tuning fork of frequency 200 Hz is touched to the wire, to excite oscillations.
Simultaneously, the temperature is slowly lowered. At what temperature will resonance occur corresponding
to the third overtone?
Ans.
Q.6 A uniform rope of length L and mass m is held at one end and whirled in a horizontal circle with angular
velocity . Ignore gravity. Find the time required for a transverse wave to travel from one end of the rope
to the other.
Ans.
Q.7 The displacement of the medium in a sound wave is given by the equation ; y
1
= A

cos (ax + bt) where
A, a & b are positive constants. The wave is reflected by an obstacle situated at x = 0. The intensity
of the reflected wave is 0.64 times that of the incident wave.
(a) what are the wavelength & frequency of the incident wave.
(b) write the equation for the reflected wave.
(c) in the resultant wave formed after reflection

, find the maximum & minimum values of the particle speeds
in the medium.
Ans.
Q.8 A metal rod of length l = 100 cm is clamped at two points. Distance of each clamp from nearer end is
a=30cm. If density and Youngs modulus of elasticity of rod material are = 9000 kg m
-3
and Y = 144 GPa
respectively, calculate minimum and next higher frequency of natural longitudinal oscillations of the rod.
Ans.
[37]
Q.9 Two speakers are driven by the same oscillator with frequency
of 200 Hz. They are located 4 m apart on a vertical pole.
A man walks straight towards the lower speaker in a direction
perpendicular to the pole, as shown in figure.
(a) How many times will he hear a minimum in sound intensity, and
(b) how far is he from the pole at these moments?
Take the speed of sound to be 330 m/s, and ignore any sound reflections coming off the ground.
Ans.
Q.10 A source emits sound waves of frequency 1000 Hz. The source moves to the right with a speed of
32m/s relative to ground. On the right a reflecting surface moves towards left with a speed of 64 m/s
relative to the ground. The speed of sound in air is 332 m/s. Find
(a) the wavelength of sound in air incident on reflecting surface
(b) the number of waves arriving per second which meet the reflecting surface.
(c) the speed of reflected waves.
(d) the wavelength of reflected waves.
Ans.
Q.11 A train of length l is moving with a constant speed v along a circular track of radius R, The engine of the
train emits a whistle of frequency f. Find the frequency heard by a guard at the rear end of the train.
Make suitable assumption.
Ans.
Q.12 In a stationary wave pattern that forms as a result of reflection of waves from an obstacle the ratio of the
amplitude at an antinode and a node is =1.5. What percentage of the energy passes across the obstacle?
Ans.
[38]
ANSWER KEY
OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.
Q.1 A Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 C Q.5 C Q.6 B Q.7 D
Q.8 A Q.9 A Q.10 D Q.11 B Q.12 B Q.13 A Q.14 B
Q.15 A Q.16 C Q.17 D Q.18 B Q.19 C Q.20 D Q.21 B
Q.22 C Q.23 B Q.24 A Q.25 A Q.26 B Q.27 B Q.28 A
Q.29 B Q.30 A Q.31 B Q.32 C Q.33 C Q.34 D Q.35 D
Q.36 A Q.37 C Q.38 B Q.39 D Q.40 C Q.41 A Q.42 B
Q.43 A Q.44 C Q.45 B Q.46 D Q.47 C Q.48 C Q.49 A
Q.50 A Q.51 A Q.52 B Q.53 A Q.54 D Q.55 D
ASSERTION AND REASON
Q.1 D Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 A Q.5 A Q.6 A
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 A, B, D Q.4 C, D Q.5 B, D
Q.6 B, C Q.7 A, B Q.8 A, C Q.9 D Q.10 C, D
Q.11 B Q.12 A, C Q.13 A, B, C, D Q.14 B, C Q.15 A, B, C, D
Q.16 A, C, D Q.17 A, B Q.18 C Q.19 A
Q.20 A, B, D Q.21 A, D Q.22 C Q.23 B, C
Q.24 C Q.25 C Q.26 A, B, C Q.27 A, C, D Q.28 B
Q.29 A Q.30 B Q.31 C, D Q.32 C Q.33 B, D
Q.34 B Q.35 C Q.36 C Q.37 C Q.38 B, C
Q.39 B, D Q.40 B, D Q.41 (A)P,Q (B)R,S (C)P,S (D)Q,R
[39]
SUBJECTIVEI
Q.1 (a) DEF, (b) ABH, (c) CG, (D) AE
Q.2 (a) = 4m, f =
4
1
Hz, 1 m/s, (b)
2
3
mm/s,
4
3
2
mm/s
2
, (c) zero Q.3 1.22 v
Q.4 10.8 10
4
W Q.5 A
r
=
3
1
cm, A
t
=
3
2
cm Q.6 0.2 cm
Q.7 1 10
9
Nm
2
Q.8 50Hz, 50 cm/sec. Q.9 1%
Q.10 (a) 144 cm ; (b) 17.36 Hz Q.11
4
10
9 2

W/m
2
Q.12 30 dB, 10 10 m
Q.13 /8 Q.14 1 : 1 Q.15 2.5 kHz, 7.5 kHz
Q.16 3 cm Q.17 33 cm and 13.2 cm Q.18 485 Hz
Q.19 11f / 9 Q.20
2
f f
a r
+
Q.21 2.5 ms
1
SUBJECTIVEII
Q.1 (i) (ii) 25 10
6
W (iii) , solved
Q.2 (a) negative x ; (b) y = 410
3
sin 100
|
\
|
+ +
400
1
x 5 . 0 t 3
(x , y in meter) ; (c) 144
2
10
5
J
Q.3 Q.4 300 Hz Q.5 17.5
Q.6

2
Q.7 (a) 2 /a, b/2, (b) y
2
= 0.8 A cos (ax

-

bt), (c) max.=1.8 b

A, min. = 0,
Q.8 10kHz, 30kHz Q.9 (a) 2 ; (b) 9.28 m and 1.99 m
Q.10 (a) 0.3 m, (b) 1320, (c) 332 m/s, (d) 0.2 m Q.11 f Q.12 96 %

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MECHANICAL

Here v is the velocity of sound in air.

| cos (1000t) is maintained in a taut string where y and x are

(C) the beat frequency observed by the observer is

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