n i S

PROJECT ON TRIGONOMETRY
A

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Co t
DESIGNED BY :SIMRAN THAKUR CLASS 11TH A

Cosecan t

s o C

ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I made this project under the guidance of my mathematics teacher Ms. Jyoti Previous Slide HOME Gupta mam

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WELCOME
TO THE WORLD OF TRIGONOMET RY
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INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
The word trigonometry is derived from the Greek words tri (meaning three), gon (meaning sides ) and metron (meaning measure). In fact, Trigonometry is the study of the relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle. Trigonometric ratios of an angle are some ratios of the sides of a right triangle with respect to its acute angles. HOME Previous Slide Trigonometric

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EXAMP LE
Suppose the students of a school are visiting Eiffel tower . Now, if a student is looking at the top of the tower, a right triangle can be imagined to be made as shown in figure. Can the student find out the height of the tower, without actually measuring it? Yes the student can find the height of the tower with the help of trigonometry.
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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Let us take a right angle ABC as shown in figure. Here, CAB or A is an acute angle. Note the position of side BC with respect to A. It faces A. we call it the side opposite to A(perpendicular). AC is hypotenuse of the right angle and the side AB is a part of A. so, we call it the side adjacent to Previous Slide A(base). HOME

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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Let us take a right angle ABC as shown in figure. Here, ACB or C is an acute angle. Note the position of side AB with respect to C. It faces C. we call it the side opposite to C(perpendicular). AC is hypotenuse of the right angle and the side BC is a part of C. so, we call it the side HOME Previous Slide adjacent to C(base).

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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
NAMES Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
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WRITTEN AS Sin Cos Tan Cosec Sec Cot

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TRIGOMETRIC RATIOS
hypotenuse
angle

opposite side

adjacent side Definitions of sine cosine & tangent

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TRIANGLE TERMINOLOGY

Opposite side

Adjacent side

Hypotenuse

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OPPOSITE SIDE: THE SIDE OPPOSITE THE ANGLE

angle angle

opposite

opposite

angle

opposite
angle

opposite

Opposite side

Adjacent side

Hypotenuse

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ADJACENT SIDE: THE SIDE

BESIDE THE ANGLE
adjacent
angle angle
angle

t nec a j da

adjacent

angle

Opposite side

Adjacent side

Hypotenuse

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t nec a j da

SIDE
se u n te o p hy se u n ote p y h

hyp o

t en use

hyp ote nus e

Opposite side

Adjacent side

Hypotenuse

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DEFINITION S
B c a

A b

90o

Tangent

Sine

Cosine

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TANGENT OF ANGLE A
tan(A) = opposite adjacent = a b c B

tan(B)

90o b

clear

Sine

Cosine

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TANGENT OF ANGLE B
tan(B) = opposite adjacent = b a c

B
a

tan(A)
A b 90o

clear

Sine

Cosine

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SINE OF ANGLE A
sin(A) = opposite hypotenuse = a c c B

sin(B)

90o b

Tangent

Clear

Cosine

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SINE OF ANGLE B
sin(B) = opposite hypotenuse = b c c

B
a

sin(A)
A b 90o

Tangent

Clear

Cosine

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COSINE OF ANGLE A
cos(A) = adjacent hypotenuse = b c c B

cos(B)

90o b

Tangent

Sine

Clear

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COSINE OF ANGLE B
cos(B) = adjacent hypotenuse = a c c

B
a

cos(A)
A b 90o

Tangent

Sine

Clear

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THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE A IN RIGHT ANGLE ARE TERMED AS FOLLOWS :Sin A = Perpendicular/ Hypotenuse = BC / AC Cos A = Base / Hypotenuse = AB / AC Tan A = Perpendicular / Base = BC /AB Cosec A = Hypotenuse/ Perpendicular = AC / BC Sec A = Hypotenuse / Base = AC / AB Cot A = Base / Perpendicular = AB / BC Next Slide HOME Previous Slide

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Sona Tawle Pundit Prasad Har Bole Chandi Badri Har

INFORMATION
S Sin C Cos T Tan P Perpendicular B Base HOME

S = P/ H C=B/H T=P/B
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RECIPROCALS OF SIN , COS & TAN

Sin

= reciprocal= Cosec

Means : Sin = 1/ Cosec (sin * cosec =1)

Cos

Cos

= reciprocal = Sec
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( cos * sec =1)

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= 1/ Sec

Tan

= reciprocal

QUESTIONS RELATED TO ABOVE TOPICS

1) Calculating the value of

other trigonometric ratios, if one is given. 2) Proving type. 3) Evaluating by using the given trigonometric ratios value.
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TYPE 1
Tan A . Let BC = 3K AND , AC = 4K

CALCULATING VALUE OF OTHER TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS, IF ONE IS GIVEN.

If Sin A = 3 / 4 , calculate Cos A and

Solution - Sin A = P / H = BC / AC = 3 / 4

THEREFORE, By Pythagoras Theorem, (AB) = (AC) (BC) (AB) = (4K) - (3K) AB = 7K Cos A = B / H= AB / AC = 7K / 4K = 7 / 4 Tan A = P / B = BC / AB = 3K / 7K = 3 / 7 Next Slide HOME Previous Slide

TYPE 2

PROVING TYPE

If A and B are acute angles such

that Cos A = Cos B, then show that A = B Solution - Since, Cos A = Cos B AC / AB = BC / AB therefore, AC = BC. B = A (angles opposite to equal sides ) Therefore , A = B

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TYPE 3

EVALUATING BY PUTTING THE GIVEN TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS VALUE

If Sec A = 5 / 4 , evaluate 1 Tan A .

1 + Tan A Solution Sec A = H / B =AC / AB = 5 / 4 Let AC / AB = 5K / 4K. By Pythagoras Theorem , (BC) = (AC ) (AB) Therefore, BC = 3K So, Tan A = P / B = BC / AB = 3K / 4K = 3/4 1 Tan A = 1 3 / 4 = 1 / 4 = 1 Next 1 Slide + Tan A 1 + 3 / 4 HOME 7/4 7

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VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Sin Cos Tan
Cosec

0 0 1 0
NOT DEFINED

30 1/2 3/2 1/3 2 2/3 3

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45 60 90 1/2 3/2 1 1/2 1/2 0 NOT 1 3 DEFINED 2 2 1 2/3 2 1/3 1

NOT DEFINED

Sec Cot
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1
NOT DEFINED

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ON VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

1)Evaluation 2)Finding values of A

EXAMPLES

and B.

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TYPE 1 -

EVALUATION

Sin 60 * cos 30 + sin 30 * cos60

=3 / 2 * 3 / 2 + 1 / 2 * 1 / 2 =3/4+1/4 =4/4 =1

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TYPE 2
AND B

FINDING VALUES OF A

If Tan (A+B) = 3 and tan ( A B) = 1/ 3 ;

0 < A + B 90 ; A> B , find A and B. Solution tan (A + B ) = 3 tan (A+ B ) = tan 60 A+ B = 60 - ( 1) tan (A- B) = 1 / 3 tan (A- B) = tan 30 A B = 30 -(2) From ( 1 ) & ( 2) A = 45 B = 15
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FORMULAS
Sin ( 90 ) = Cos Cos ( 90 ) = Sin Tan ( 90 ) = Cot Cot ( 90 ) = Tan Cosec ( 90 ) = Sec Sec ( HOME 90 ) = Previous Slide

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EXAMPLE ON FORMULAS
oEvaluate : -

(1) Sin 18 / Cos 72 = Sin (90 72 ) / Cos 72 = Cos 72 / Cos 72 = 1 ( 2) Cos 48 Sin 42 = Cos ( 90 42 ) Sin 42 = Sin 42 Sin 42 Next Slide HOME Previous Slide = 0

MAIN IDENTITIES
Sin + Cos = 1 1 + Tan = Sec 1 + Cot = Cosec Sin / Cos = Tan Cos / Sin = Cot Sin / Cos = Tan Cos / Sin = Cot
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STEPS OF PROVING THE IDENTITIES

1) Solve the left hand side or right hand

side of the identity. 2) Use an identity if required. 3) Use formulas if required. 4) Convert the terms in the form of sin or cos according to the question. 5) Divide or multiply the L.H.S. by sin or cos if required. 6) Then solve the R.H.S. if required. 7) Lastly , verify that if L.H.S. = R.H.S.
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