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LI: To recall concepts about current electricity, including current, voltage, drawing and setting up circuits.
Electricity requires:
Charges ions and electrons Attraction between charges Movement of charges
Electrical circuits
Controlled flow of charge electrons Components connected together with wires Requires a power source: a cell, battery, power pack
Provides electrical energy to the electrons
Use electrical energy to produce other forms of energy. NOTE: conventional current has electricity flowing from + to -, whereas we now know that it is actually the electrons moving to +.
or power pack
variable resistor
No Current Flows
Positive Charge
Conductors
Current Flows
Positive Charge
Drawing
1. Draw a circuit with a power supply, switch, and light bulb. 2. Draw a circuit with a power supply, switch, and two light bulbs where both light bulbs are controlled by one switch. 3. Now draw another circuit arranging the same components such that just one light bulb is controlled by the switch. NOW set up circuit 1.
Current
Movement of charged particles, usually electrons Is a measure of how fast the electrons are flowing. Symbol (I), unit Ampere or Amp (A) Measured with an ammeter connected in series. 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb per second, C/s 1 Amp = 61018 electrons passing a point in a second
Voltage
Voltage (also called potential difference) measures
the energy lost across a component, or the energy supplied by the power supply / battery / cell
Voltage is measured in volts (symbol V) using a voltmeter. A voltmeter is always connected in parallel to the component for which the voltage is being measured.
SERIES CIRCUITS
The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other. They make a simple loop for the current to flow round.
If one bulb blows it breaks the whole circuit and all the bulbs go out.
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
measuring voltage
This is how we draw a voltmeter in a circuit.
V
SERIES CIRCUIT
V
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
measuring current
This is how we draw an ammeter in a circuit.
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
A X B
Current: Series all positions the same IX = IY = IZ Parallel total current is shared across the different branches IZ = IW = IX + IY Voltage: Series voltage over components add to equal voltage from power supply VP = VA + VB Parallel voltage across all components VP = VA = VB