PRESENTED BY: ALDINO ARYYOGA 4105 100 047 SUPERVISOR: WING HENDROPRASETYO, ST, Me.

Surabaya, January 13th 2010

 BACKGROUND

SHIP BUILDING PROCESS ALWAYS NEED WELDING PROCESS WELD PRODUCT MUST BE INSPECTED ULTRASONIC TEST IS A KIND OF INSPECTION METHOD IN NDT DISTANCE OF DISCONTINUITY FROM THE SURFACE AFFECTS ACCURACY

 PROBLEM

FORMULATION

HOW TO KNOW THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISCONTINUITY SIZE AND DISTANCE ON MATERIAL BASED ON THE DAC CURVE? WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION RESULTING FROM THE USE DAC CURVE?

 PURPOSE

TO KNOW THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION FROM MATERIAL DISCONTINUITY BASED ON DAC CURVE

 BENEFITS

TO KNOW THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION FROM MATERIAL DISCONTINUITY BASED ON DAC CURVE SO WE CAN CALCULATE THE ACTUAL SIZE OF THE DISCONTINUITY

 HYPOTHESES

THE FARTHER THE LOCATION OF THE DISCONTINUITY FROM THE SURFACE, THE SMALLER THE SOUND ENERGY WILL BE RECEIVED AMPLITUDE SOUND WAWES SHOULD BE DECREASED A HALF, IF THE SIZE OF DISCONTINUITY IS A HALF SMALLER AT THE SAME DISTANCE FROM THE SURFACE.

 PROBLEM

LIMITATIONS

EXAMINATION PERFORMED ON P-NO.1 CARBON STEEL EXAMINATION IS USED NORMAL PROBE AND 45O ANGLE PROBE ARTIFICIAL DISCONTINUITY IN 2.5 mm AND 5.0 mm DIAMETER MADE ON SPECIMEN WITH 75 mm THICKNESS ARTIFICIAL DISCONTINUITY IN 3.0 mm AND 6.0 mm DIAMETER MADE ON SPECIMEN WITH 38 mm THICKNESS ARTIFICIAL HOLES ARE LOCATED AT T, T AND T FROM THE SURFACE OF EACH SPECIMEN

 SOUND WAVE ENERGY WILL SPREAD DURING TRAVELLING ON A CERTAIN MEDIA SO THE SOUND INTENSITY AT THE FAR AWAY FROM THE SOURCE WILL BE DECREASE. SOUND WAVE IN A CERTAIN MEDIA CAN BE DESCRIBED IN CONE SHAPE AND DEVIDED INTO 2 (TWO) ZONES, NEAR (DEAD) FIELD AND FAR FIELD

NEAR (DEAD) FIELD AND FAR FIELD

 WHEN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TRANSDUCER AND A REFLECTOR INCREASES, THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REACHING AND RETURNING FROM THE REFLECTOR TO THE TRANSDUCER THIS PRINCIPLE IS MADE APPARENT BY OBSERVING THE AMPLITUDE OF THE REFLECTED SIGNAL FROM A GIVEN SIZE REFLECTOR PLACED AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE TRANSDUCER.

DAC CURVE

 TO MAKE THE DAC CURVE IS NEEDED A DAC BLOCK AS IMAGINE BELOW

DAC BLOCK STANDARD

 DATA ON 100% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:

Diameter
Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75 75 75

T T T

63 63 63

26 52 79.5

18.38 36.76 56.25

18.38 36.76 56.25

80 % 50 % 35 %

2.5

 DATA ON 50% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:

Diameter
Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75

57

26

18.38

18.38

40 %

75

57

52

36.76

36.76

25 %

2.5

75

57

79.5

56.25

56.25

18 %

 DATA ON 20% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:

Diameter Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75 75 75

T T T

49 49 49

26 52 79.5

18.38 36.76 56.25

18.38 36.76 56.25

15 % 10 % 5%

2.5

 DEVIATION IS THE STANDARD ERROR OF THE PREDICTED Y-VALUE FOR EACH X IN THE REGRESSION THE STANDARD ERROR IS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF ERROR IN THE PREDICTION OF Y FOR AN INDIVIDUAL X.

 THE DEVIATION CAN BE CALCULATED BY USING EQUATION BELOW

BASED ON THE EQUATION ABOVE, DEVIATIONS CAN BE DETERMINED BETWEEN :

100% DAC (2.5 mm) AND 50% DAC (5.0 mm) IS 4.6% 100% DAC (3.0 mm) AND 50% DAC (6.0 mm) IS 5.8%

THE STATEMENT ABOVE SHOW THAT TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL SIZE OF INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES NEED TO BE ADDED WITH THE VALUE: 4.6% FOR MATERIAL WITH 75 mm OF THICKNESS 5.8% FOR MATERIAL WITH 38 mm OF THICKNESS

 THE ACCURACY OF TEST RESULTS WITH THE DAC METHOD IS STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE DEPTH OF INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES FROM THE SURFACE. THIS IS CAUSED BY ATTENUATION OF THE SOUND WAVE ENERGY THAT RETURNED BY THE REFLECTOR THE ACCURACY OF TEST RESULTS WITH THE DAC METHOD IS ALSO INFLUENCED BY THE CONSTITUENT GRAINS OF MATERIAL TESTED AS IT RELATES TO THE AMOUNT OF SCATTERING OF SOUND WAVES INTO THE MATERIAL

 ADD VARIATION OF SIZE AND THE DEPTH OF INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES FROM THE SURFACE IN ORDER TO THE RESULTS OBTAINED WOULD BE MORE ACCURATE
ADDING VARIETY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATERIAL DENSITY TO BE KNOWN HOW MUCH INFLUENCE THE MATERIAL DENSITY OF THE SCATTERING SOUND WAVE ENERGY

 THE PROCEDURE TO GET DATA TO MAKE A DAC CURVE :

CALIBRATE RANGE THE EQUIPMENT FOR 100 PLACE THE PROBE ON THE SURFACE OF THE SPECIMEN MOVE THE PROBE TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM INDICATION OF THE FIRST HOLE AND SET THE GAIN CONTROL TO GET THE AMPLITUDE OF 80% FSH. AT THE TIME OF MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE RECORDED SOUNDPATH POSITION (SP0), SURFACE OF DISTANCE (SOD0), AND THE DEPTH OF THE HOLE (D0). DECREASE THE GAIN 6 dB TO OBTAIN THE AMPLITUDE OF 50% FSH AND 14 dB TO OTAIN THE AMPLITUDE OF 20% FSH DRAW EACH POINT AMPLITUDE INTO THE TRANSPARENT CONNECT THESE POINT WITH A LINE UP TO FORM A CURVE.