Ngi son: TS.

H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM

8/2009

Chng 3: Trao i nhit bng I LU

3.1 Khi nim chung v TN i lu
3.2 CC TIU CHUN NG DNG CA TN I LU N NH
3.3 Ta nhit i lu t nhin
3.4 Ta nhit i lu cng bc

p.1

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

8/2009

3.1 Khi nim chung v TN i lu

N: l qu trnh trao i nhit xy ra khi gia mt b mt vt rn tip xc vi mi
trng cht lng (kh) c nhit khc nhau c s chuyn ng ca cht lng

V d:

p.2

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

Mt s v d v trao i nhit i lu

p.3

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

8/2009

C ch i lu t nhin ca nc trong ng

p.4

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

tnh trao i nhit i lu thng dng cng thc Newton:

Q
F
Tw
trong :

Q = F (Tw T f )

Tf
hay

q=

T
1/

- l h s ta nhit i lu (W/m2.K)

(W)
(W/m2)

THC NGHIM

- F l din tch b mt trao i nhit (m2)

- Tw l nhit trung bnh ca b mt ( K hoc oC)
- Tf l nhit trung bnh ca cht lng ( K hoc oC)

p.5

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

H s ta nhit ph thuc rt nhiu yu t

= f t w , t f , , , c p , , , , l 1 , l 2 , l 3 K
Phng php gii tch gp rt nhiu kh khn

c xc nh t thc nghim bng phng php

C S L LUN NG DNG

p.6

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

3.2 CC TIU CHUN NG DNG ca TN I LU

N NH Pt tiu chun: Nu = f(Re, Gr, Pr)
TC Nusselt: bieu th cng o toa nhiet:
y ngha VL:

l
Nu =

Nu = Q toa nhiet oi lu / Q dan nhiet.

Nu la TC cha xac nh (cha ).

TC Reynolds:

l
Re =

TC Grashof:

gl 3
Gr = 2 t => ac trng cho TN oi lu t nhien

TC Prandtl:

la ty so gia lc quan tnh va lc nht.

=> ac trng cho TN oi lu cng bc

Pr =
a
p.7

Bieu th anh hng cua cc thng s

vt l ca chat long oi vi TN

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

ngha cc thng s:

l
Re =

gl 3
Gr = 2 t

Pr =
a

Nu = f (Re,Gr, Pr )

trong :

l: Kch thc xc nh (m)

: tc trung bnh ca dng cht lng (m/s)
g: gia tc trng trng (m/s2)
: h s dn nhit ca cht lng (W/m.)
a: h s khuych tn nhit ca cht lng (m2/s)

Tra bng
theo nhit
xc nh

: nht ng hc (m2/s)
: h s gin n nhit (1/K)
p.8

i vi cht kh: = 1/T

i vi cht lng: TRA BNG

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

S tnh ton cho bi ton TN i lu

1/ Xc nh:
Nhit xc nh (oC)

Kch thc xc nh l (m)

Tra bng
, a, , , Pr
2/ Tnh:

l
Re =

Lu : i vi cht kh: = 1/T

gl 3
Gr = 2 t

3/ Suy ra: Nu = f (Re,Gr, Pr )

= Nu
p.9

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

8/2009

3.3 Ta nhit i lu T NHIN

A) TNL t nhien trong khong gian vo han
B) TNL t nhien trong khong gian hu han

p.10

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

A) TNL t nhin trong khng gian v hn

S dng PHNG TRNH TIU CHUN:

Nu m = C(Gr. Pr )

n
m

= Num

Trnh t tnh ton:

1/ KTX: ong ngang lay l = d ; vach ng v ong ng th l = chieu cao;
cn tm ngang th l ly bng chiu hp ca tm
2/ Nhit X:
3/Tnh

tm =

1
(t f + t w )
2

Tra bng

, a, , , Pr

Lu : i vi cht kh: = 1/Tm

gl 3
Gr = 2 t

4/ Tra 2 h s C, n t bng
p.11

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

Tra 2 h s C, n t bng
Trang thai chuyen ong

(Gr.Pr)m

< 10 -3

0,5

Qua o t chay mang sang chay tang

1. 10 -3 5. 102

1,18

1/8

Chay tang

5. 102 2. 107

0,54

1/4

Chay roi

2. 107 1. 1013

0,135

1/3

Chay mang

Ring trng hp i vi tm phng t nm ngang:

(Gr.Pr)m

p.12

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

B) TNL t nhin trong khng gian hu hn

e n gian, xem QT TN nay c ban la do

dn nhit, vi he so dan nhiet tng ng t.
p.13

t
(t w1 t w2 )
q=

(W/m2)

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

Tnh ton h s dn nhit tng ng:

td = . td

- KTX: ly theo chieu day khe

- NX: ly theo nhit trung bnh chat long

Tra bng

, a, , , Pr

tf = 0,5(tw1 + tw2).

Lu : i vi cht kh: = 1/Tm

g 3
- Tnh Grf =
(tw1 tw2 )
2

- Tnh t
Khi

(Gr Pr ) f

< 103 th t = 1 va t = (DN n thuan)

(Gr Pr ) f

10

t = 0,18(Gr Pr )
p.14

0 , 25
f

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

3.4 TA NHIT I LU CNG BC

p.15

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

A. Cht lng chuyn ng

trong ng, rnh

A.1 Toa nhiet khi chay roi
A.2 Toa nhiet khi chat long chay tang
A.3 Toa nhiet trang thai qua o

p.16

8/2009

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

Cac CT thc nghiem c chia theo 3 vung C:

chay tang, chay roi, g/oan qua o.
NX: nhiet o chat long tf
KTX: d trong, hoac tng ng

d t =

F dien tch tiet dien ngang dong chay, m2.

U chu vi t, m.

p.17

4F
U

8/2009

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM

A.1

TOA NHIET KHI CHAY ROI

Che o chay roi: khi Re > 104

Xao tron rat manh; anh hng cua L t nhien co the bo qua.
Re =

PTTC tong quat:

Nu f = 0,021 Re
Khong kh co Pr const do o:

0 ,80
f

Pr

0 , 43
f

Pr f

Prw

0 , 25

l R

Nuf = 0,018Ref0,80

) Chu y:
Mot so tai lieu thng a ra nhng CT n gian e tnh trc tiep . o
ch la cach bieu dien khac rut ra t PTTC, khong mau thuan vi nhng CT tren.
Co mot so CT thc nghiem khac nhau, nhng khong the noi CT nao u
viet hn.
p.18

8/2009
1.

l - anh hng cua oan au ong. Khi l/d > 50 th l = 1.

Khi l/d < 50 BANG : Tr so l khi chay roi
l/d
1

10

15

1104

1,65

1,50

1,34

1,23

01,17 01,13 01,07 01,03 01

2104

1,51

1,40

1,27

1,18

01,13 01,10 01,05 01,02 01

5104

1,34

1,27

1,18

01,13 01,10 01,08 01,04 01,02 01

1105

1,28

1,22

1,15

01,10 01,08 01,06 01,03 01,02 01

1106

1,14

1,11

1,08

01,05 01,04 01,03 01,02 01,01 01

Ref

2.

20

30

40

50

R - anh hng cua ong cong: lc ly tam khien chat long b

nhieu loan hn, lam tang .
d
R = 1 + 1,77
R
R : ban knh cong cua ong xoan.
p.19

A.2

TOA NHIET KHI CHAT LONG CHAY TANG

Chay tang: Re < 2200. Anh hng cua LTN khong the bo qua.

Nu f =

0,15 Re 0f,33

Prf0,43

Prf
Prw

0 ,1
Grf

Neu (l/d)< 50 phai nhan them he so l .

0 ,25

BANG : Tr so l khi chay tang

l/d

1,90 1,70 1,44 1,28

A.3

10

15

20

30

40

50

1,18

1,13

1,05

1,02

TOA NHIET TRANG THAI QUA O

Re = 2200 ~ 10000

Nu f = K o Pr

0 , 43
f

Prf

Prw

0 , 25

BANG : Tr so Ko = f(Ref)
Ref.10-3

2,2 2,3 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

5,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

10

Ko

2,7 3,3 4,1 7,0 9,0 10,3 15,5 19,5 23

27

30

33

p.20

6,0