Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD - 1) Working Stress Design (WSD) Lecture Notes

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00

Engr. Alberto S. Caete Professor
Working Stress Design ( WSD )
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Materials
c f ' 4700
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Concrete
- Cement
- Sand
- Gravel
- Additives
- Water
Additional:
- plasticizer
- super plasticizer
- retarder delay the setting of the concrete
- high strength / fast curing
fc - 28 day strength
- Ultimate strength
3000 psi = 3 ksi = 20.7 MPa or 21 MPa
4000 psi = 4 ksi = 27.6 MPa or 28 MPa
5000 psi = 5 ksi = 34.8 MPa or 35 MPa
10,000 psi = 10 ksi = 69 MPa or 70 MPa
Ec = (MPa) =
c f ' 7 . 4
(GPa)

NORMAL WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
pure concrete, w = 145 pcf = 22.81 ~ 22.8 kN/m
3
reinforced concrete, w = 150 pcf = 23.56 ~ 23.6 kN/m
3
Steel
0.85fc
fc
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
- Reinforcing Bars, Rebars, Deformed bars
RC
- Intermediate grade
Yield stress
fy = 40 ksi (276 MPa) Grade 40
= 60 ksi (414 MPa) Grade 60
Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Hookes Law
f = E*
()
Es = 200000 MPa
= 200 GPa
( ) ( ) 64
10
640
160 2 80 4 +
b
b
b b
A
A
A A y
d = effective depth
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

= 64 + 70
= 134 mm
From the figure:
o Fv
P = Ps + Pc
Compatibility relationship
c c s
s s c
c s
s s
s s
s
c c
c c
s c
E A L
E A L
P P
E A
L P
E A
L P
c
AE
PL

; ;
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( )
n A
A
P P P
A
P
A nA P
A
A
P
A
A
n P
P
E A L
E A L
P P
s
c
s s
c
c
c s
c
c
c
c
s
c
c c s
s s c
c
1
* 1
+
+
,
_
,
_
+
+
By:
fc = 20 MPa, GR. 40
n =
c
s
E
E
=
10 52 . 9
20 7 . 4
200
' 7 . 4
200
say
c f

n f f
n
A nA
P
f
n
n
n
A
A
P
A
P
f
A nA
P
A
P
f
A
P
f
c s
c s
s
c
s
s
s
s
c s c
c
c
,
_
+

+

*
*
Where:
n = modular ratio
=
c
s
E
E

(rounded to nearest whole number)
Ls = Lc = L
NOTE:
When dealing with 2 different materials,
convert steel to equivalent concrete.
where:
c
c
A
P
is the concrete stress
( c s
A nA +
) is the area total ( t
A
)
Centroid / N.A.

dA
ydA
A
Ay
y
N.A as reference line
c
[ ]
d e q
bh
hb
b
b h
hx
b
hx
dx h x
b
h
dA
ydx dA
bh A dA
b
b
. .
2
0 0
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
0
+
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
,
_
[ ]
d e q
h
bh
bh
y
bh bh
ydA
x h
x
b
h x
b
h
dx h x
b
h
x
b
h
dx y ydx
y
ydA
b
b
b
. .
3
2
6
6
0 1 1
3
1
2
2
2
3 2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2 2
0
2
2 2 3
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
0
2

1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+
1
]
1

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

0 0 Ay or ydA
Centroid of a Triangle
h
h x
b
h
y +
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
,
_
+ +
,
_
+ +
+ +
+ t
h h h k
d
c
k
h h h
d
c
bd
b
n n n
c
b
bd n
b
bd n bd n
c

2
2
*
2
2
4
2
2
2
2 2
Substitute A
S
=bd
M
NA
(M

area above =M

area below)
25
3
4
1
12
1
2 12
3
3
2
3
bh
bh
h
bh
bh
I
,
_
,
_
+ ( )
A y dA y I
c d nA
bc
I
s tr
2
2
2
3
3

+
( )
( ) ( )( )
bd A
bd
A
ratio steel but
b
d nA
b
nA nA
c
d nA c nA c
b
c d nA
c
bc
s
s
s s s
s s
s

+ t
+

:
2
4
0
2
2
2
2
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Sample Problem
NOTE
I is minimum when computing it
passing through its centroid.
( )
( )
rebars of stress n
I
c d M
f
I
c d M
f
I
My
f
I
My
f
tr
s
tr
s
c
,
_
*
n
A
P
A
P
E A
E A
P P
c
c
s
s
s
c c
s s
c s


Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
STRESSES
Strain concrete = strain steel
Hookes Law
c s
c
s
c s
s
s
c
c
s s s
c c c
c c
nf f
E
E
f f
E
f
E
f
E f
E f

m x
x x wx
Fv
x
x
w
5 . 4
75 . 33
3
10
2
1
75 . 33
2
1
) (
3
10
30 *
9

,
_

kN R
a
75 . 33
( )
m kN
M
pos

,
_
25 . 101
3
2
5 . 4 75 . 33
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Reactions:
( )( )
( ) ( )( )
m kN
M
kN R
kN
R
neg
b
a

,
_
+
,
_
1
]
1
,
_

444 . 14
3
2
1 30
2
1
3
1
6667 . 26
2
1
25 . 101
75 . 33
1
3
9
9 30
2
1
8
1
point of zero shear
Shear diagram
33.75 kN
x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
01 . 236
630 1122 . 0 2 1122 . 0 1122 . 0 2
1122 . 0
630 250
5 . 1963
9
' 4730
200000
9 51 . 8
25 7 . 4
200
5 . 1963
4
25
4
2 2
2
2
1
]
1
+ +
1
]
1
+ +

d h h h c
bd
A
n n
c f
MPa
E
E
n say n
mm A
s
c
s
s

MPa c f given 25 ' :

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( )
) ( ; 52 . 93 9
10 839 . 3
) 01 . 236 630 ( 10 25 . 101
; ; 2245 . 6
10 839 . 3
01 . 236 10 25 . 101
10 839 . 3
) 01 . 236 630 )( 5 . 1963 ( 9
3
01 . 236 250
) (
3
9
6
9
6
4 9
2
3
2
3
c d c
I
Mc
n
fs
MPa fs
I I c c
I
Mc
fc MPa fc
mm
c d nA
bc
I
na
tr na
na
s tr

+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
23 . 164
630 045957 . 0 2 045957 . 0 045957 . 0 2
045957 . 0
630 250
25 . 804
9
' 4730
200000
9 51 . 8
25 7 . 4
200
25 . 804
4
16
4
2 2
2
2
1
]
1
+ +
1
]
1
+ +

d h h h c
bd
A
n n
c f
MPa
E
E
n say n
mm A
s
c
s
s


Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( )
) ( ; 22 . 31 9
10 9394 . 1
) 23 . 164 630 ( 10 444 . 14
; ; 2231 . 1
10 9394 . 1
23 . 164 10 444 . 14
10 9394 . 1
) 23 . 164 630 )( 25 . 804 ( 9
3
23 . 164 250
) (
3
9
6
9
6
4 9
2
3
2
3
c d c
I
Mc
n
fs
MPa fs
I I c c
I
Mc
fc MPa fc
mm
c d nA
bc
I
na
tr na
na
s tr

+ +
Allowable stress
Concrete fc
allow
=0.45fc
Steel
fs
allow
= 128MPa (GR. 40)

= 165.6MPa (GR. 60)
Singly
Analysis:
n
bd
A
n
bd
A
c f c f
MPa
E
E
n
s
s
c
s
' 7 . 4
200
' 4730
200000
. 1
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Given: b,d, fc,fy,M Note: (fc) fc
allow
Find: Stresses fc and fs (fs ) fs
allow

Soln.:

( )
n
I
c d M
fs
I
Mc
fc
c d nA
bc
I
d k c
n n n k
tr tr
s tr
) (
) (
3
. 4
. 3
2 . 2
2
2
3

+

+ +
Find: Mcap
5. Based on concrete allowable stress
allow
fc fc where
C
fcI
M
Based on steel

allow
tr s
fs fs where
n c d
I f
M
) (
Lower M governs
Design (part A)
Given: fc,fy,M Note: (fc) fc
allow
Find: a) reqd bd
2
(fs ) fs
allow
b) reqd A
s
Over-reinforced (brittle) = Concrete will fail first
Under-reinforced (ductile) = Rebars will fail first
Balanced = Concrete and steel will fail simultaneously
Brittle vs. Ductile: Brittle design should be avoided by the designer
Soln.:
actual
actual
c
b
bd d req
d
mm nearest the to round b
bd d req
b d req
b d
b
d
ex
to to
b
d
Assume
kj f
M
bd d req
2
3
1
2
2
'
.) 50 (
4
'
'
2 2 :
5 2 ; 3 2 :
2
'
1
]
1

[ ]
jd bkd f
arm moment T or C M
M
k
j
d
k
kd
d c d jd arm Lever
n
f
f
f
f nf
nf
E
E
E
f
E
f
E
f
k
and to subst
E
f
E
f
note
k
k k
kd d kd
Strains
F from T C
f A T kd b f C
c
s
c
c
s c
c
s
s
s
s
c
c
c
c
c c
s
s
s
c
c
c
s c
c
s s
c c
s s c

,
_
2
1
0
3
1
3
1
3
3 /
. :
) 1 (
0
2
1

C
T
jd
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Balanced Condition:
Where: C, Compression Force
T, Tension Force
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
(PART B)
jd f
M
A d req
d b Choose
kj f
M
bd d req
k j
n
f
f
f
k
for Solve
Gr MPa
Gr MPa f
c f f
c f
n
n Sol
jd f
M
A d req
jd f A M
s
s
c
s
c
c
s
c
s
s
s s

' .) 5
&
2
' .) 4
3 / 1 .) 3
: .) 2
60 . 6 . 165
40 . 138
' 45 . 0
' 7 . 4
200
.) 1
: '
'
2

Example: determine the reqd b.d &A
s
of the beam shown below. Use f
c
=28 MPa and Gr. 60 rebars.
Use also d = 2.5 b
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
) ( 6 43 . 5
75 . 615
2 . 3345
. '
75 . 615 ) 28 (
4
bars; mm 28 using @
2 . 3345
64 . 774 87387 . 6 . 165
10 375
'
. 64 . 774 1000
300
02 . 180
. 300 . 54 . 306 100
25 . 6
02 . 180
'
' 5 . 2
10 02 . 180
87387 . 37838 . 6 . 12
10 375 2
'
87387 .
3
37838 .
1
37838 .
8
6 . 165
6 . 12
6 . 12
6 . 165
6 . 12 ) 28 ( 45 . 0
8 04 . 8
28 7 . 4
200
375 ) 10 )( 30 (
8
1
2 2
2
6
3
3 6
6
2
2
up round bars
A
A
n
bars of no d req
mm A
mm
A d req
mm d
mm mm b d req
b d req b d for
mm bd d req
j
k
MPa f
MPa f
n
kNm M
b
s
b
s
s
c

Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beams

tensile bars
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Compression area
s A n c b
nA A c b
s s
' ) 1 2 (
' 2 ) ' (
+
+
Creep flow
=2n
Centroid
n
I
d c M
s f
n
I
c d M
fs
I
Mc
fc
d c A n c d nA
bc
I
A
AC B B
d nA d A n nA A n
b
d nA d A n c nA A n c
b
c d nA d c A n c bc
A N M
tr
tr
tr
s s tr
s s s s
s s s s
s s
2
) ' (
' : Bars n Compressio
) (
: Bars Tensile
: Concrete
: Stresses
) ' ( ' ) 1 2 ( ) (
3
2
4
c
' ' ) 1 2 ( C & ' ) 1 2 ( B ;
2
A let
0 ] ' ' ) 1 2 [( ] ' ) 1 2 [(
2
) ( ) ' ( ' ) 1 2 (
2
1
. . @ 0
2 2
3
2
2
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
Analysis Problem:
Given: b, d, d, As, As, fc, fy, fc
allow
, fs
allow
soln:
1.) n
2.) c
3.) I
tr

4.) stresses or Mcap
Design:
Given: b, d, d, M, fc, fy, fc
allow
, fs
allow
find: A
s
& A
s
Conversion of compression
bars to its equivalent concrete
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
sc
st
s s
st s sc s
st s s
s s
s s s
s
s
s
s s
s
c
s
s s c s
f
f
A A
f A f A
f A A
T C F
A A A
d d f
M
A
M d d T
M M if M M M
M M if jd f A M
f
bkd f
A
f A bkd f T Cc
arm lever j k n
2
2
2
2
2 1
2
2
2 2
1 1 2
1 1 1
1
1 1
'
'
'
0
) ' (
) ' (
doubly use ;
singly use ;
2
1
2
1
, ,

>
<
kd
d kd
nf f
kd
d kd
E
E
f f
E f E f
creep for
kd
d kd
c sc
c
s
c sc
c c c sc s sc
c sc
'
2
2
'
2
'

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
s
s
s sc
sc
s
s sc
c sc
s
s
s
c
c
f
f
use f f if
f
f
use f f if
kd
d kd
nf f
d d f
M
M M M
d f M
f
bkd f
bd actual
bd actual
kj f
M
bd d req
j
k
n
s2 s
s2 s
s2 s1 s
2
s2
1 2
s1 1
s1
2
A A'
A A'
.) 11
'
2 .) 10
A A A .) 9
) ' (
A .) 8
.) 7
A .) 6
2
5.)A
doubly use ;
singly use ;
2
' .) 4
.) 3
.) 2
1.)
(doubly) process Solution
2
2
>
<
>
<
Example
Given: b = 300 mm fc = 28 MPa
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
d = 743 mm fy = 414 MPa
. Find: Reqd no. of top (20 mm )
and bottom (32 mm ) bars
.
Solution:
2
6
2
2
6
1
2
1
3 6 3 6
3 6 6 2 2
3 6
6
2
2
8 . 1390
) 70 743 ( 6 . 165
10 155
155 345 500
345 10 743 87387 . 6 . 165 6 . 3208
6 . 3208
6 . 165 2
743 37838 . 300 6 . 12
:
10 02 . 240 10 61 . 165
10 61 . 165 10 ) 43 . 7 ( 3
10 02 . 240
87387 . 37838 . 6 . 12
10 500 2
'
6 . 165
6 . 12
87387 . 0
37838 . 0
8
500 ) 10 )( 40 (
8
1
mm A
kNm M
kNm M
mm A
doubly as design therefore
mm mm
mm bd Actual
mm bd d req
MPa f
MPa f
j
k
n
kNm M
s
s
s
c
<

bars n
mm A
ok MPa
MPa f
bars n
mm A
s
sc
s
5 8 . 4
) 20 (
4
4 . 1521
2 . 1521
4 . 151
6 . 165
8 . 1390 '
! 6 . 165 40 . 151
40 . 151
743 37838 .
70 ) 743 37838 (.
6 . 12 8 2
6 7 . 5
) 32 (
4
4 . 4599
4 . 4599 8 . 1390 6 . 3208
2
2
2
2

<

,
_

IRREGULAR SECTIONS
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
ANALYSIS
Given: b,b
w
,t
f
,As,fc,fy,M
Find: M
cap
, Stresses
[ ]
d nA
b b
t C
A
AC B B
c nA b b t B
b
A
d nA
b b
t c nA b b t
c b
c d nA c c b t c b b t
s
w
f
s w f
w
s
w
f s w f
w
s w f w f
+
+ t
+
1
]
1
+ +
+
2
) (
2
4
) (
2
0
2
) (
) (
2
) ( ) 2 / ( ) 2 / )( (
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
) (
3 2
) )( ( ) (
12
1
c d nA
c b
t
c t b b t b b I
s
w
w w tr
f
f f
+ +
,
_
+
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Stresses
) ( ) (
) (
Capacity Moment
) (
steel concrete
c d n
I f
M
c
I f
M
n
I
c d M
f
I
Mc
f
tr s tr c
tr
s
tr
c

Case 1 or Case 2? assume c = t
f
If Moment of Area above > Moment of Area below; use singly ; c < t
f
If Moment of Area above < Moment of Area below; use doubly ; c > t
f
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Example
Given: L = 10m., find max w that the beam can carry safely
Solution:
kNm Mcap Therefore
m kN w m kN
L
M
w wL M Mcap
MPa fs
kNm Mcap
MPa fc
mm
I
mm c
mm C
mm
therefore
or
mm c Assume
mm nA
say n
tr
s
667 . 86
/ 9333 . 6 m - kN 122.59 667 . 86
10
667 . 86 8 8
8
1
10
) 10 )( 56 . 173 550 (
) 10 1 . 2364 ( 138
138
steel on Based
59 . 122 10
56 . 173
) 10 1 . 2364 ( 9
9 20 45 .
stresses allowable Concrete on Based
10 1 . 2364
) 56 . 173 550 ( 12566
3
) 56 . 173 ( 150
) 56 . 173 )( 100 )( 200 ( ) 100 )( 200 (
12
1
56 . 173
7911300 ) 550 ( 12566
2
) 200 ( 100
32566 12566 ) 200 ( 100 B
75mm. 150/2 A
section irregular :
5654700 175000
) 100 550 ( 12566 50 100 x 350
. 100
12566 4 ) 20 (
4
10
10 52 . 9
20 7 . 4
200
2 2
2 6
6
6
6
4 6
2
3
2 3
3
2
2
2 2
<

+ + +
+
+

<
< >
QUIZ 2: WORKING STRESS DESIGN (WSD)

design reinforced singly using ) bottom & (top bars mm 20
of number the Determine . 4 . 2
b
d
Use below. beam prismatic the of size required the Determine 1.)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( ) [ ]
( ) [ ]
kN V
kN V
M kNm M
Moments Final
kNm a L
L
wa
M
kNm a aL L
L
wa
M
Handbook Steel From
Moments end Fixed
B
A
B A
A
A
20 . 139
10
1008
10
4
) 4 ( 150
80 . 460
10
1008
10
6
2
2
) 4 ( 150
0 ; 1008
2
544
736
544 ) 4 ( 45 ) 10 ( 30
) 10 ( 30
) 4 ( 150
45 35
30
736 ) 4 ( 45 ) 10 )( 4 ( 70 ) 10 ( 30
) 10 ( 30
) 4 ( 150
45 70 30
30
) (
2
3
2
3
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2

,
_
+
,
_
,
_
+

+ +
1008 25 . 531
) 2 . 139 )( 7247 . 2 (
3
2
) 2 . 139 ( 2
7247 . 2
5 . 37
) 2 ( 2 . 139
2 . 139
2
1
<
+

kNm M
M
m x wx
POS
POS
bars say bars n
d j fs
M
bars say bars n
d j fs
M
mm x
mm say m x
mm x
j k fc
M
k
j
n
fs
fc
fc
k
say n
MPa fs
MPa fc
14 17 . 13
16 . 314
2 . 4138
16 . 314 ) 20 (
4
A
mm 2 . 4138
9 . 1078 * 86224 . 0 * 138
10 * 25 . 531
) )( (
A
m - kN 531.25 M
Bars Bottom Moment, Positive for Design
25 99 . 24
16 . 314
6 . 7851
16 . 314 ) 20 (
4
A
mm 6 . 7851
9 . 1078 * 86224 . 0 * 138
10 * 1008
) )( (
A
m - kN 1008 M
Bars Top Moment, Negative for Design
9 . 1078 1000
450
85 . 523
d d q' Re
450 7 . 449 100
4 . 2
85 . 523
b d q' Re
10 85 . 523
86224 . 0 * 41327 . 0 * 8 . 10
10 * 1008 * 2
) )( (
2
bd d q' Re
86224 . 0
3
41327 . 0
1
3
1
41327 . 0
9
138
8 . 10
8 . 10
9 69 . 8
24 7 . 4
200
138
8 . 10 ) 24 ( 45 . 0
2
b
2
6
S
2
b
2
6
S
3
2
3 6
6
2

,
_

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
2.) Determine the safe load w that the beam can carry.
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
m kN w
m kN w
w w x R M
m x
wx
x
x for
wx
x w
w w w R
ANALYSIS
A pos
A
/ 395 . 81
6368 . 3
02 . 296

02 . 296 6368 . 3
6368 . 3 3670 . 4 * 1104 . 1 *
4
3
4
3
3670 . 4
25
*
3
1
1.1104w shear, zero of point
5 0
25
) (
1104 . 1 3 *
5
4
) 3 (
4
1
4
5
3 ) 5 (
3
1
8
1
2
2

1
]
1
,
_
+
,
_
+
( ) ( )
m kN
m kN
m kN
mm I
mm c
n
mm A
say n
MPa fs
MPa fc
mm d
tr
S

<
1
]
1
+ +

+

+
+
02 . 296 M
30 . 568 02 . 296
) 98 . 239 25 . 902 ( * 8
9 . 9470 * 6 . 165
M
stress steel allowable on based Capacity
30 . 568 10 *
98 . 239
10 * 9 . 9470 * 4 . 14
M
stress concrete allowable on based Capacity
10 * 9 . 9470 ) 98 . 239 25 . 902 )( 2174 * 8 ( ) 98 . 239 ( 400 *
3
1
98 . 239 25 . 902 * 04819 . 0 * 2 04819 . 0 0419 . 0
048190 . 0
25 . 902 * 400
8 * 2174
0 . 2174 ) 16 * 3 20 * 5 (
4
8 522 . 7
32 7 . 4
200
6 . 165
4 . 14 32 * 45 . 0
25 . 902
16 * 3 20 * 5
100 * 20 * 5
830
cap
cap
6
6
cap
4 6 2 3
2
2 2 2
2 2
2

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
QUIZ 3: IRREGULAR SECTION (WSD)
1. Determine the maximum load, w, that the simple beam can carry based on the section shown.
Use fc = 26 MPa and Grade 60 bars
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
()
m k N M MPa f c c on cre te o n Ba sed
mm x II
c d nA c b t c b b t t b b I
mm c m m d n A b b t C mm nA b b t B mm b A
tion Ir reg ular
mm c a ssu me mm n A say n
CAP
S W f W f f W
S W f S W fW
S

+ + ,_ +
+ + ,_ +
+ ,_ + + +
< ,_
1 3 . 22 6 10 * 5 3 . 2 36 10 * 51 . 45 71 * 7 . 1 1 7 . 1 1 ) 26 ( 45 . 0
1 0 5 1 . 4 57 1 ) 53 . 2 36 5 30 ( 32 57 3 ) 53 . 2 36 )( 14 0 ( 3 1 2 70 53 . 23 6 ) 40 0 ( 7 0 ) 70 )( 4 00 ( 1 2 1 ) ( 3 1 2 ) ( ) ( 1 2 1
53 . 23 6 6 90 , 24 3 , 1 8 53 0 * 3 25 73 2 40 0 70 2 * 5 73 , 60 32 57 3 ) 40 0 ( 7 0 ) ( 70 2 14 0 2
sec 5 80 , 98 3 , 1 4 0 00 , 32 3 , 1 4 60 * 5 73 , 32 2 7 0 * 70 * 5 40 7 0 03 3 . 5 72 , 32 ) 3 6 ( 4 * 4 * 8 8 3 5 . 8 26 7 . 4 20 0
6 6
4 6 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3
2 2
2
m kN M
m kN M
MPa fs
steel on Based
CAP
CAP

13 . 226
26 . 322
8 * ) 53 . 236 530 (
51 . 4571 * 6 . 165
6 . 165
m kN w
wL
M
wL
L
x wL
dx
L
x wL
dx x V M
L
x
wL x V
wL wL
L
x wL
dx
L
x
w V
L
x
w A x w
POS
L
L L
POS
L
L
A
/ 547 . 45
7
* 13 . 226
) 0 1 ( sin cos ) (
cos ) (
) 1 0 ( cos sin
sin sin ) (
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 /
0
2
2
2 /
0
2 /
0
2 /
0
2 /
0

1
]
1
,
_
+
1
]
1
,
_

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
2. Using fc = 22 MPa and Grade 40 bars, determine the safe w that the beam can carry.
4 6 2 3 2 3
2
2 2
10 1 . 4198 ) 86 . 176 730 ( * 11310
3
) 86 . 176 ( * 400 ) (
3
86 . 176 730 * 24228 . 0
24228 . 0 2 ) (
038733 . 0
730 * 400
11310
11310 ) 20 (
4
* 4 * 9
sin ,
9 07 . 9
22 7 . 4
200
mm x c d nA bc I
mm kd c
n n n k
bd
nA n
mm nA
gly moment positive For
say n
S
S
S
+ +

+ +

m - kN 37 . 116 M
234.99 m - kN 37 . 116
9 * ) 86 . 176 730 (
1 . 4198 * 138
M
MPa 138 fs steel, on Based
m - kN 99 . 234
86 . 176
1 . 4198 * 9 . 9
M
MPa 9.9 22 * 0.45 fc concrete, on Based
CAP
CAP
CAP

<

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
()() ()()
m - kN 0 4 . 42 8 M
m - kN 15 . 47 0 9 * 2 * ) 7 0 4 6 . 2 76 ( 1 26 61 * 13 8 M MPa 1 38 fs steel, n co mp ressio on Bas ed
m - kN 04 . 42 8 9 * ) 46 . 27 6 7 30 ( 1 26 61 * 13 8 M MPa 1 38 fs steel, on Bas ed m - k N 3 9 . 4 53 4 6 . 2 761 26 61 * 9 . 9 M MPa 9 .9 22 * 0 . 45 fc co nc rete, on Bas ed 1 0 * 12 66 1 4 6 . 2 76 73 0 4 34 29 3 46 . 27 6 * 4 00 70 46 . 27 6 2 13 63 3 ' ' ) 1 2 ( 4 6 . 2 76 5 80 , 19 8 , 33 ) 73 0 ( 4 34 29 ) 7 0 ( 21 36 3 ' ' ) 1 2 ( 6 47 92 4 34 29 21 36 3 ' ) 1 2 ( 20 0 2 4 00 2 13 63 ) 2 0 ( 4 * 4 ) 1 9 * 2 ( ' ) 1 2 ( 43 42 9 ) 32 ( 4 * 4 * 9 ,
CA P C AP
C AP
C AP
4 6 2 3 2 2 3 2
2
2 2 2 2

+ + + + + + + +
m m I c d n A b c d c A n I mm c d n A d A n C mm nA A n B mm A m m A n mm n A d ou bly mome nt neg ative Fo r
S S
S S S S
S S
[ ]
[ ]
kN/m 23.525 w Safe
70.22 kN/m 23.525 w
37 . 116 9467 . 4 9467 . 4 M . max
9467 . 4 1494 . 1 0957 . 6 ) 8066 . 3 (
2
1
M
m 8066 . 3
8066 . 3
5 . 6
) 353 . 1 0957 . 6 (
) 5 (
5 . 6
5
V
BC SPAN
9467 . 4 ) 3005 . 2 (
2
1
) 1 ( 3005 . 2 M
m 3005 . 3 1 3005 . 2
3005 . 2
8
0957 . 6
) 7 (
8
5 . 3
V
AB SPAN
kN/m 70.220 w
04 . 428 0957 . 6 M . max
3530 . 1 ) 752 . 7 3777 . 3 (
2
62136 . 0
712 . 2 M
0957 . 6 ) 37864 . 0 ( 3777 . 3 ) 62136 . 0 ( 752 . 7 M
0 M
MOMENTS FINAL
7120 . 2 ) 5 ( 3 ) 5 . 6 ( 4
) 5 . 6 ( 12
) 5 (
M
7520 . 7 M
) 7 ( 3 ) 8 ( 4
) 8 ( 12
) 7 (
2
1
) ) 7 ( 3 ) 8 )( 7 ( 8 ) 8 ( 6 (
) 8 ( 12
) 7 (
M
s FEM'
62136 . 0 DF 37864 . 0
5 . 6
1
8
75 . 0
8
75 . 0
DF
) 3 4 (
12
M
) 3 8 6 (
12
M
Handbook Steel From
ANALYSIS
pos
2
pos
BC
2
pos
AB
neg
C
B
A
2
3
BC
BA
2
3
2 2
2
2
BA
BC BA
2
3
B
2 2
2
2
A

<

<
+
+
+

+
+

,
_
+ +

+

+
w w
w w
x
w
w
w
w
x
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w w
a L
L
wa
a aL L
L
wa
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD - 1) Working Stress Design (WSD) Lecture Notes

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Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD - 1) Working Stress Design (WSD) Lecture Notes

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Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00